Coyotes (Canis latrans) have inhabited Florida (USA) since the 1960s and are currently found throughout the state. The purpose of the present study was to obtain information on enteric parasites and diet of Florida coyotes from two different habitat types. Seasonal variation in diet was also examined. Fresh coyote fecal samples were collected from protected and urban habitats in Pinellas County, Florida (USA; 27°54' n, 82°41'w) from may 2005 to march 2007. A standard fecal flotation examination and formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation were utilized on fecal samples collected from the protected (n=40) and urban (n=50) habitats. Five novel (newly documented) parasites of coyotes were discovered; one cestode (Hymenolepis spp.), one nematode (Ascaris spp.), and three protozoa (Balantidium coli, Blastocystis spp., and Entamoeba histolytica). Novel parasites of Florida coyotes were also discovered two cestodes (diphyllobothrium latum and dipylidium caninum), two nematodes (toxocara canis and uncinaria stenocephala), one trematode (paragonimus spp.), and four protozoa (cryptosporidium spp., giardia canis, isospora spp., and sarcocystis cruzi). One cestode (Taenia spp.), three nematodes (Ancylostoma caninum, Physaloptera spp., and Trichurus vulpis), and one trematode (Alaria spp.) were also recovered, all of which have previously been documented in Florida coyotes. Diet items were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level by gross morphological characteristics and medullary configurations of dorsal guard hairs. A poisson regression was utilized to determine the relation between diet items and habitat, season, and interaction. In the protected habitat (n=49), vegetative matter (96%), Insecta (53%), and Rodentia (45%) were recovered most often, as opposed to berries (56%) and Lagomorpha (32%) in the urban habitats (n=71). Overall, vegetative matter, berries, and Lagomorpha were recovered most often from Florida coyote fecal samples. Odocoileus virginianus, Lagomorpha, and berries varied the most between wet and dry seasons. It is suggested that Florida coyotes are more susceptible to reinfection by novel parasites because of their rapid range expansion and lack of acquired immunity. Rapid habitat loss in Florida (i.e., urbanization) lowers survival of adult coyotes, increases the probability of transmission of disease between wild and domestic canids, and alters the diet of coyotes by lowering biological diversity of available prey items.

During a period of 3 years, from March to July 2014, 2015 and 2016, ticks were collected from dogs and cats in shelter facilities for abandon animals in Česke Budejovice, South Bohemia. In total, 343 ticks were found on 106 pets: 67 domestic dogs and 39 cats. All collected ticks, that were identified as Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes hexagonus, were tested for the presence of spirochetes from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex, Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp, and Babesia spp using conventional PCR and nested PCR. Identification of pathogens was done by following sequencing of amplicons. Out of all tested ticks, 49,56% were proved to be infected at least with one pathogen. Co-infection of at least two different pathogens was determined in 18 ticks (5,2%). The aim of the present study was to estimate the role of accompanying animals (cats and dogs) in the circulation of ticks and tick-borne pathogens, to determine the frequency of pathogenic infections in dog and cat associated ticks, to evaluate the current risk of infection for dogs and cats, with respect torisk forhumans living in the area of České Budějovice.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-18T14:20:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 00 TESE PAULA Doc Final VD-30-03-2016 Com Ficha cat.pdf: 3292123 bytes, checksum: 3a9cccec1214620cbdc7f55f0d159fe1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T14:20:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 00 TESE PAULA Doc Final VD-30-03-2016 Com Ficha cat.pdf: 3292123 bytes, checksum: 3a9cccec1214620cbdc7f55f0d159fe1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / CAPEs / Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. e Acinetobacter spp. estão entre as cinco principais causas de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS), e estão associadas a um elevado índice de mortalidade em pacientes oncológicos. Diante da vulnerabilidade destes pacientes e da crescente incidência de patógenos multidroga resistentes (MDR), o presente trabalho teve por objetivo realiza um estudo epidemiológico e molecular de infecções ocasionadas por P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. e Acinetobacter spp. em pacientes com neoplasias sólidas, internados em um hospital de Recife-PE. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo descritivo de corte transversal dos dados clínicos, microbiológicos e hospitalares e os genes de resistência blaSPM-1, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaKPC, blaTEM e blaCTX-M, foram investigados por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase. Também foi realizada tipagem molecular dos isolados MDR utilizando a técnica Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-based PCR (ERIC-PCR). Entre 2012 e 2014, foram obtidos 169 isolados, sendo 58 P. aeruginosa, 36 Acinetobacter spp. e 75 Klebsiella spp.. A frequência de patógenos MDR (69,6%, IC95% 61,5% - 76,9%) foi significativamente maior que os isolados não MDR (30,4%, IC95% 23,1% - 38,5%). Dentre as bactérias resistentes aos carbapenêmicos, o gene blaSPM-1 foi detectado em P. aeruginosa (35,5%) e Acinetobacter spp. (3,8%), e o gene blaKPC detectado apenas em P. aeruginosa (25,8%). Já entre os isolados resistentes às cefalosporinas de terceira e quarta geração, o gene blaTEM estava presente em Acinetobacter spp. (25,9%) e Klebsiella spp. (30,6%) e o gene blaCTX-M em 58,3% das Klebsiella spp.. Também foi observado que o câncer de pulmão e os pacientes do sexo masculino foram predominantes na amostra e que o uso prévio de antimicrobianos durante o internamento e até três meses antes do isolamento do patógeno descrito neste estudo, apresentaram associação com o desenvolvimento de infecções por patógenos MDR. Assim, os resultados encontrados podem contribuir com epidemiologia molecular dos genes de resistência presentes no ambiente hospitalar, além de ressaltar a importância da monitorização contínua das IRAS em pacientes com câncer internados por longos períodos, a fim de melhorar os cuidados prestados a estes pacientes. / Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. and Acinetobacter spp. are among the five leading causes of Healthcare-associated Infections (HAI) in cancer patients, and those associated with a high mortality rate. Because of the vulnerability of patients and the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDR), this study aimed to realize an epidemiological and molecular study of infections caused by P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. and Acinetobacter spp. in patients with solid tumors, admitted to a Recife-PE hospital. Therefore, we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of clinical, microbiological and hospital, and the resistance genes blaSPM-1, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaKPC, blaTEM and blaCTX-M, were investigated by polymerase chain reaction. It was also performed molecular typing of MDR isolates using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-based PCR (ERIC-PCR). Between 2012 and 2014, were obtained 169 isolates, 58 P. aeruginosa, 36 Acinetobacter spp. and 75 Klebsiella spp.. The frequency of MDR pathogens (69.6% 95% 61.5% - 76.9%) was significantly higher than non-MDR isolates (30.4% 95% 23.1% - 38.5%). Among the carbapenem-resistant bacteria, the blaSPM-1 gene was detected in P. aeruginosa (35.5%) and Acinetobacter spp. (3.8%), and blaKPC gene detected only in P. aeruginosa (25.8%). Among the resistant isolates to the third and fourth generation cephalosporins, the blaTEM gene was present in Acinetobacter spp. (25.9%) and Klebsiella spp. (30.6%) and blaCTX-M gene in 58.3% of the Klebsiella spp.. It was also noted that lung cancer and male patients were predominant in the sample and the previous use of antimicrobials during hospitalization and antibiotic use up to three months before the pathogen isolation described in this study were associated with the development of pathogen infections MDR. Thus, the results can contribute to molecular epidemiology of resistance genes present in the hospital, and underline the importance of continuous monitoring of HAI in cancer patients hospitalized for long periods aiming improve the care provided to these patients.

Orientadores: José Francisco Hofling, Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T21:24:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Peixoto_IzaTeixeiraAlves_D.pdf: 4732148 bytes, checksum: cd8cbf98531ac28e12f9feba2f8edd34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ação antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais e frações de diferentes acessos de Mentha spp. contra Candida spp., identificando seus compostos e verificando sua citotoxicidade. Os 64 óleos essenciais de diferentes acessos de Mentha spp. foram extraidos utilizando as partes aéreas da planta fresca, por hidrodestilaçãoo em sistema tipo Clevenger. Os óleos foram testados contra isolados clínicos e de referência de Candida albicans (CBS 562) e Candida dubliniensis (CBS 7987). A CIM foi determinada por meio do método de microdiluição (CLSI, 2002). Os melhores acessos testados em células planctônicas foram fracionados em 5 partes em cromatografia de coluna seca e testados posteriormente contra biofilme de C. albicans (SC 5314). Com o inoculo padronizado em meio RPMI-1640, os biofilmes foram produzidos em placas esterilizadas de polietileno de 96 pocos, para testes dos óleos e frações em biofilme maduro e biofilme em formação, sendo quantificados com solução de XTT e analisados através de microscopia óptica e confocal a laser. Os compostos dos melhores óleos e frações foram identificados por cromatografia em camada delgada e cromatografia a gas com detector de massas. A citotoxicidade também foi provada em painel de diferentes linhagens celulares células epiteliais, por meio da avaliação da atividade antiproliferativa, in vitro, utilizando-se o ensaio de sulforrodamina B para avaliação do crescimento celular. O melhor rendimento em óleo essencial (base seca) foi observado para o acesso de M. rotundifolia CM 31 (1,5 %). Quatro óleos se destacaram, apresentando forte atividade com amplo espectro, sendo M. canadensis (CM 05) - (<0,007 a 0,500 mg/mL); M. spicata (CM 30) (0,062 mg/mL a 0,500 mg/mL); M. arvensis CM 36 (<0,007 mg/mL a 1 mg/mL) e M. suaveolens x spicata (CM 52) - (0,062 mg/mL a 0,500 mg/mL). As frações F2 e F3 de M. suaveolens x spicata CM 52 demonstraram a melhor atividade dentre os óleos e frações testadas, apresentando 49 % e 38 % de inibição na concentração de 0,5 mg/mL para biofilme maduro e 70 % de inibição (a 0,062 mg/mL) e 61 % de inibição (a 0,125 mg/mL), respectivamente, para inibição de biofilme em formação. Esses resultados foram confirmados pelas analises microscópicas. Os compostos majoritários do óleo de M. canadensis CM 05 foram carvona (74,84 %) e linalol (4,84 %);de M. spicata CM 30 oxido de piperitenona (28,05 %), beta-E-farneseno (18,58 %) e gama-muuroleno (17,38 %); M. arvensis CM 36 Linalol (33,24 %), acetato de linalol (21,97 %) e alfaterpineol (11,77 %); de M. suaveolens x spicata CM 52 pulegona (52,20 %), piperitenona (29,51 %) e gama-muuroleno (4,44 %). Os óleos essenciais de Mentha spp. apresentam atividade antimicrobiana contra células planctônicas de Candida spp. (de moderada a fraca), exceto os óleos originados dos acessos de M. canadensis CM 05, M. spicata CM 30, M. arvensis CM 36 e M. suaveolens x spicata CM 52. As fracoes F2 e F3 de Mentha suaveolens x spicata CM 52 demonstram efeito antimicrobiano inibitório sobre biofilme em formação e sobre biofilme maduro, alem de ausência de citotoxicidade para células testadas / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and fractions of different accessions of Mentha spp. against Candida spp., identifying compounds and verifying its cytotoxicity.The essential oils of 64 different accessions of Mentha spp. were extracted using the fresh aerial parts of the plant by hydrodistillation cleavenger type system Then, The the oils were tested against clinical isolates and reference strains Candida albicans (CBS 562) and Candida dubliniensis (CBS 7987). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution method, using the CLSI protocol. The best accessions tested on planktonic cells were separated into 5 parts by dry column, and oils and fractions were subsequently tested against biofilms of C. albicans (SC 5314). With standardized inoculum in RPMI-1640, the biofilms were produced in sterile polyethylene plates with 96 wells, for to evaluate the oils and fractions in preformed biofilm and inhibition biofilm formation. After the biofilm was quantified with XTT solution and analyzed by optical and confocal microscopy. The compounds were further identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The cytotoxicity was also tested in epithelial cells as well as antitumor activity, by evaluating the antiproliferative activity in different cell lines using the test sulforrodamina B (SBR) for evaluation of cell growth.The best yield in essential oil (dry basis) was observed for the accessions M. rotundifolia CM 31 (1.5% dry basis). Among the 64 oils, four stood out, showed strong activity with broad spectrum, inhibiting all strains tested, and these, M. canadensis (CM 05) - (<0.007 to 0.187 mg/mLto 0.500 mg/ml), M. spicata (CM 30) - (0.062 mg/mL to 0.500 mg/ml), M. arvensis CM 36 (<0.007 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL) and M. spicata x suaveolens (CM 52) - (0.062 mg/mL to 0.500 mg/mL). Fractions F2, F3 M. spicata x suaveolens CM 52 showed the best activity among the tested oils and fractions, showing 49% and 38% inhibition at 0.5 mg/mL for preformed biofilm and 70% inhibition (at 0.062 mg/mL) and 61% inhibition (at 0.125 mg/mL), respectively, for inhibitory biofilm formation. These results were confirmed by microscopic analysis. The mainly oil M. canadensis 05 CM were carvone (74.84%), linalool (4.84 %); M. spicata CM piperitenone oxide were 30 (28.05%), beta-E-farnesene (18.58%) and gamma-muuroleno (17.38%); M. arvensis CM 36 were Linalool (33.24%), acetate, linalool (21.97%) and alphaterpineol (11.77%); M. spicata x suaveolens CM 52 were pulegone (52.20 %), piperitenone (29.51 %) and gamma-muurolene (4.44 %). Fractions F2 and F3 showed antiproliferative activity for most strains, showing lack of cytotoxicity in epithelial cells tested.The essential oils of Mentha spp. exhibit antimicrobial activity against planktonic cells of Candida spp. (moderate to weak), except oils originating from accessions of M. canadensis CM 05, M. spicata CM 30, M. arvensis CM 36 and M. suaveolens x spicata CM 52. The fractions F2 and F3 of Mentha spicata x suaveolens CM 52 shows antimicrobial effect on preformed biofilm and inhibition biofilm, and absence of cytotoxicity to mammalian cells / Doutorado / Microbiologia e Imunologia / Doutor em Biologia Buco-Dental

Seedling blight of maize has significantly influenced field crop stands and seedling vigour over various localities and seasons. The extent of the problem is influenced by a number of factors which includes soil temperature (generally below 13 °C), waterlogged soils, inadequate fertilization, herbicide damage and fungal pathogens. The fungi generally causing seedling damping off are often involved in a complex and succession over time varying in importance depending on the field circumstances at a given time. These generally include the Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia spp. and various Fusarium spp. These have been recorded in a number of studies conducted by local researchers in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s on sorghum but to a lesser degree on maize. Uncertainty regarding the status of the etiology of maize seedling blights as maize production practices have changed dramatically in the last 10 years with increased plant populations, reduced tillage, increased crop rotation options and new short season maize hybrids. It is therefore essential to determine the present status of seedling blights in South Africa to confirm the necessity of fungicide seed treatments to ensure adequate plant densities and seedling vigour. Cob and tassel smut caused by Sphacelotheca reiliana is a disease of maize that was a problem in the 1970’s. Due to improved fertilisation, fungicide seed treatments and hybrid resistance this disease was reduced to such levels that the disease was only found to occur on research farms where seedlings were inoculated. Since 2007, the disease was reported to reach epidemic proportions on the heavy clay soils in the Standerton area. This disease has since spread over the last seven seasons to a range including northern KwaZulu/Natal, namely as far as Underberg/Swartberg, the Witbank, Ermelo, Middelburg and Delmas area in Mpumalanga and to Harrismith in the eastern Free State maize production area. This may be due to susceptible hybrids coming onto the local market or the inability of traditional fungicide seed treatments to contain infection. New and unregistered seed treatments available will be tested for their ability to control cob and tassel smut in two fields over two seasons. The aims of this dissertation were to determine the extent of the seedling blight problem in commercial fields throughout the maize industry. To determine the efficacy of fungicide seed treatments for the control of maize seedling blights using both field and greenhouse studies, and to determine the efficacy of fungicide seed treatments for the control of cob and tassel smut of maize in field trials. A total of 101 localities were sampled throughout the maize producing region of South Africa with root discolouration varying from 0 to 90 % root discolouration. Seventy different fungal species were isolated from the maize seedlings roots which include species such as Aspergillus, Clonostachus, Fusarium, Trichoderma and Penicillium. The most commonly isolated fungi which included Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium oxysporum were evaluated in glasshouse studies to determine their pathogenicity. Pathogenicity differed between isolates of the same fungal species, which were collected from different geographical regions, in the glasshouse studies. Field trials for seedling blight disease showed significant differences between the localities (P < 0.001) the trials were planted at, and between seed treatments. Significant season (P < 0.001) and locality (P < 0.05) differences were also found for cob and tassel smut trials planted at Potchefstroom, North-West province and Greytown, KwaZulu/Natal Province respectively. Fungicide seed treatments also showed significant differences for cob and tassel smut regarding plants infected (P < 0.001) and yield loss (P < 0.05). Overall seed treatments can be seen as an effective controlling agent for the control of seed- and soil-borne fungi on maize. / MSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Seedling blight of maize has significantly influenced field crop stands and seedling vigour over various localities and seasons. The extent of the problem is influenced by a number of factors which includes soil temperature (generally below 13 °C), waterlogged soils, inadequate fertilization, herbicide damage and fungal pathogens. The fungi generally causing seedling damping off are often involved in a complex and succession over time varying in importance depending on the field circumstances at a given time. These generally include the Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia spp. and various Fusarium spp. These have been recorded in a number of studies conducted by local researchers in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s on sorghum but to a lesser degree on maize. Uncertainty regarding the status of the etiology of maize seedling blights as maize production practices have changed dramatically in the last 10 years with increased plant populations, reduced tillage, increased crop rotation options and new short season maize hybrids. It is therefore essential to determine the present status of seedling blights in South Africa to confirm the necessity of fungicide seed treatments to ensure adequate plant densities and seedling vigour. Cob and tassel smut caused by Sphacelotheca reiliana is a disease of maize that was a problem in the 1970’s. Due to improved fertilisation, fungicide seed treatments and hybrid resistance this disease was reduced to such levels that the disease was only found to occur on research farms where seedlings were inoculated. Since 2007, the disease was reported to reach epidemic proportions on the heavy clay soils in the Standerton area. This disease has since spread over the last seven seasons to a range including northern KwaZulu/Natal, namely as far as Underberg/Swartberg, the Witbank, Ermelo, Middelburg and Delmas area in Mpumalanga and to Harrismith in the eastern Free State maize production area. This may be due to susceptible hybrids coming onto the local market or the inability of traditional fungicide seed treatments to contain infection. New and unregistered seed treatments available will be tested for their ability to control cob and tassel smut in two fields over two seasons. The aims of this dissertation were to determine the extent of the seedling blight problem in commercial fields throughout the maize industry. To determine the efficacy of fungicide seed treatments for the control of maize seedling blights using both field and greenhouse studies, and to determine the efficacy of fungicide seed treatments for the control of cob and tassel smut of maize in field trials. A total of 101 localities were sampled throughout the maize producing region of South Africa with root discolouration varying from 0 to 90 % root discolouration. Seventy different fungal species were isolated from the maize seedlings roots which include species such as Aspergillus, Clonostachus, Fusarium, Trichoderma and Penicillium. The most commonly isolated fungi which included Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium oxysporum were evaluated in glasshouse studies to determine their pathogenicity. Pathogenicity differed between isolates of the same fungal species, which were collected from different geographical regions, in the glasshouse studies. Field trials for seedling blight disease showed significant differences between the localities (P < 0.001) the trials were planted at, and between seed treatments. Significant season (P < 0.001) and locality (P < 0.05) differences were also found for cob and tassel smut trials planted at Potchefstroom, North-West province and Greytown, KwaZulu/Natal Province respectively. Fungicide seed treatments also showed significant differences for cob and tassel smut regarding plants infected (P < 0.001) and yield loss (P < 0.05). Overall seed treatments can be seen as an effective controlling agent for the control of seed- and soil-borne fungi on maize. / MSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

A ceratite fúngica (CF) é uma micose ocular oportunística, que tem como sítio de infecção a córnea. Não é uma enfermidade de risco de vida, mas de extremo comprometimento visual e dificuldade terapêutica e, em casos graves, podendo levar à cegueira total ou mesmo a perda do globo ocular. O trabalho objetivou identificar os agentes etiológicos causadores da CF, e descrever os critérios terapêuticos empregados. No período de 1998 a 2011 foram estudados 23 casos de CF diagnosticados no Laboratório de Micologia da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre / RS. Foram analisados os aspectos demográficos, as doenças de base e os fatores associados ao desenvolvimento da doença, assim como os critérios terapêuticos. No presente estudo, a mediana de idade foi 45 anos, com variação entre 15 e 76 anos, com predomínio do gênero masculino. Os fungos filamentosos figuraram em 78% (18/23) dos casos analisados, sendo o gênero Fusarium spp. o agente etiológico de maior frequência. Concluiu-se que uma compreensão epidemiológica local e a identificação dos fatores de risco, agregados ao diagnóstico micológico precoce e eficaz, são fundamentais na prevenção e correta conduta terapêutica da CF no Rio Grande do Sul, sendo que estas práticas evitarão complicações de perda do globo ocular, melhorando o prognóstico oftalmológico do paciente. / The fungal keratitis is an ocular opportunistic mycosis, which has the cornea as site of infection. Isn’t a life-threatening disease, but with extreme visual impairment and therapeutic difficulty, which can lead to total blindness or even loss of the eyeball, in severe cases. The study aimed to identify the etiologic agents causing fungal keratitis, and describe the therapeutic criteria used. In the period 1998 to 2011 were retrospectively studied 23 cases of fungal keratitis diagnosed at the Mycology Laboratory of Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital of Porto Alegre / RS. We analyzed the demographics, underlying diseases and the factors associated with disease development, as well as therapeutic criteria. In this study, the median age was 45 years old, ranging between 15 to 76 years old, predominantly male. The filamentous fungus corresponded to 78% (18/23) of the cases analyzed, and Fusarium spp. has been the etiologic agent of highest frequency. It was concluded that an understanding of local epidemiological and identification of risk factors, added to the early and effective mycological diagnosis are essential to prevent and correct therapeutic approach for fungal keratitis in Rio Grande do Sul. These practices will prevent complications of loss of the eyeball, improving the ophthalmological prognosis of the patient.

Forest clearings can potentially be an important resource for pollinators. Land use history has previously been shown to be important for the number of species and individuals of butterflies in clearings, with a larger number where it historically was meadows, even after a generation of production forest. Plant species richness has also been shown to be influenced by land use history. In this study, pollinators were collected with pan traps on clear-cuts that had at least one generation of production forest, which in the 1870s was either meadow or forest. The results showed that there was no difference in species numbers and individual number between the two types of clear-cuts when it comes to Bombus spp, Syrphinae spp, Lepturinae spp, Cetoniidae spp and Trichius spp. The result is surprising because there is a greater frequency of herbs in clearings that previously had been meadow and the expectations was therefore that there should be more pollinators there. There are indications that the catchability when it comes to the pan trap method is inversely proportional to the floral richness, and the lack of differences could therefore be due to sampling bias.

A ceratite fúngica (CF) é uma micose ocular oportunística, que tem como sítio de infecção a córnea. Não é uma enfermidade de risco de vida, mas de extremo comprometimento visual e dificuldade terapêutica e, em casos graves, podendo levar à cegueira total ou mesmo a perda do globo ocular. O trabalho objetivou identificar os agentes etiológicos causadores da CF, e descrever os critérios terapêuticos empregados. No período de 1998 a 2011 foram estudados 23 casos de CF diagnosticados no Laboratório de Micologia da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre / RS. Foram analisados os aspectos demográficos, as doenças de base e os fatores associados ao desenvolvimento da doença, assim como os critérios terapêuticos. No presente estudo, a mediana de idade foi 45 anos, com variação entre 15 e 76 anos, com predomínio do gênero masculino. Os fungos filamentosos figuraram em 78% (18/23) dos casos analisados, sendo o gênero Fusarium spp. o agente etiológico de maior frequência. Concluiu-se que uma compreensão epidemiológica local e a identificação dos fatores de risco, agregados ao diagnóstico micológico precoce e eficaz, são fundamentais na prevenção e correta conduta terapêutica da CF no Rio Grande do Sul, sendo que estas práticas evitarão complicações de perda do globo ocular, melhorando o prognóstico oftalmológico do paciente. / The fungal keratitis is an ocular opportunistic mycosis, which has the cornea as site of infection. Isn’t a life-threatening disease, but with extreme visual impairment and therapeutic difficulty, which can lead to total blindness or even loss of the eyeball, in severe cases. The study aimed to identify the etiologic agents causing fungal keratitis, and describe the therapeutic criteria used. In the period 1998 to 2011 were retrospectively studied 23 cases of fungal keratitis diagnosed at the Mycology Laboratory of Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital of Porto Alegre / RS. We analyzed the demographics, underlying diseases and the factors associated with disease development, as well as therapeutic criteria. In this study, the median age was 45 years old, ranging between 15 to 76 years old, predominantly male. The filamentous fungus corresponded to 78% (18/23) of the cases analyzed, and Fusarium spp. has been the etiologic agent of highest frequency. It was concluded that an understanding of local epidemiological and identification of risk factors, added to the early and effective mycological diagnosis are essential to prevent and correct therapeutic approach for fungal keratitis in Rio Grande do Sul. These practices will prevent complications of loss of the eyeball, improving the ophthalmological prognosis of the patient.

A ceratite fúngica (CF) é uma micose ocular oportunística, que tem como sítio de infecção a córnea. Não é uma enfermidade de risco de vida, mas de extremo comprometimento visual e dificuldade terapêutica e, em casos graves, podendo levar à cegueira total ou mesmo a perda do globo ocular. O trabalho objetivou identificar os agentes etiológicos causadores da CF, e descrever os critérios terapêuticos empregados. No período de 1998 a 2011 foram estudados 23 casos de CF diagnosticados no Laboratório de Micologia da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre / RS. Foram analisados os aspectos demográficos, as doenças de base e os fatores associados ao desenvolvimento da doença, assim como os critérios terapêuticos. No presente estudo, a mediana de idade foi 45 anos, com variação entre 15 e 76 anos, com predomínio do gênero masculino. Os fungos filamentosos figuraram em 78% (18/23) dos casos analisados, sendo o gênero Fusarium spp. o agente etiológico de maior frequência. Concluiu-se que uma compreensão epidemiológica local e a identificação dos fatores de risco, agregados ao diagnóstico micológico precoce e eficaz, são fundamentais na prevenção e correta conduta terapêutica da CF no Rio Grande do Sul, sendo que estas práticas evitarão complicações de perda do globo ocular, melhorando o prognóstico oftalmológico do paciente. / The fungal keratitis is an ocular opportunistic mycosis, which has the cornea as site of infection. Isn’t a life-threatening disease, but with extreme visual impairment and therapeutic difficulty, which can lead to total blindness or even loss of the eyeball, in severe cases. The study aimed to identify the etiologic agents causing fungal keratitis, and describe the therapeutic criteria used. In the period 1998 to 2011 were retrospectively studied 23 cases of fungal keratitis diagnosed at the Mycology Laboratory of Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital of Porto Alegre / RS. We analyzed the demographics, underlying diseases and the factors associated with disease development, as well as therapeutic criteria. In this study, the median age was 45 years old, ranging between 15 to 76 years old, predominantly male. The filamentous fungus corresponded to 78% (18/23) of the cases analyzed, and Fusarium spp. has been the etiologic agent of highest frequency. It was concluded that an understanding of local epidemiological and identification of risk factors, added to the early and effective mycological diagnosis are essential to prevent and correct therapeutic approach for fungal keratitis in Rio Grande do Sul. These practices will prevent complications of loss of the eyeball, improving the ophthalmological prognosis of the patient.