Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este trabalho tem como tema a formação histórica dos estados modernos, analisando a literatura sobre o fenômeno na Europa e na América Latina. Seu argumento principal é que podemos, tomando a sociologia histórica como teoria política, desenvolver ferramentas metodológicas e teóricas mais acuradas para entender as organizações estatais e a explicação histórica em ciências sociais. O argumento secundário é que a discussão contemporânea sobre construção de estados vem carregada de um viés modernizador na forma como articula o conceito de estado com o processo de seu desenvolvimento. Refinando essa ideia, o trabalho especifica o viés modernizador em termos de distorções na visão de estado e de história, transpondo-o como parâmetro de crítica a determinadas narrativas sobre os estados latino-americanos e sua formação. Como contraponto, recorre aos marcos da crítica substantiva e formal às teorias da modernização feita pela sociologia histórico-comparativa nas décadas de 1970 e 1980. Como resultado, propõe a convergência entre uma teoria crítica do estado e uma noção de processo histórico aberta à variação, à contingência e à contextualidade. Ao final, o trabalho enquadra uma nova onda de estudos histórico-comparativos sobre os estados latino-americanos, percebendo nela caminhos promissores para a superação do viés modernizador. / This dissertation focuses on the historical formation of modern states, analyzing the literature about such phenomenon in Europe and Latin America. Its main argument is that it is possible to, by assuming historical sociology as political theory, to develop more accurate theoretical and methodological tools to understand state organizations and the historical explanation in social sciences. The secondary argument is that the ongoing discussion on state building is embedded in a modernizing bias in the way it articulates a concept of state with the process of its development. Exploring this insight, the dissertation specifies the modernizing bias in terms of distortions in the comprehension of state and history, converting it into a yardstick for the critique of certain narratives on the Latin American states and its formation. As reply, it traces back the substantive and methodological criticism of modernization theories made by comparative-historical sociology in the 1970s and 1980s. As a result, it proposes a convergence between a critical theory of the state with a notion of historical process open to variation, contingency and contextuality. By the end, the dissertation explores a new wave of historical-comparative studies on Latin American states, emphasizing promising pathways for the transcendence of the modernizing bias.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este trabalho tem como tema a formação histórica dos estados modernos, analisando a literatura sobre o fenômeno na Europa e na América Latina. Seu argumento principal é que podemos, tomando a sociologia histórica como teoria política, desenvolver ferramentas metodológicas e teóricas mais acuradas para entender as organizações estatais e a explicação histórica em ciências sociais. O argumento secundário é que a discussão contemporânea sobre construção de estados vem carregada de um viés modernizador na forma como articula o conceito de estado com o processo de seu desenvolvimento. Refinando essa ideia, o trabalho especifica o viés modernizador em termos de distorções na visão de estado e de história, transpondo-o como parâmetro de crítica a determinadas narrativas sobre os estados latino-americanos e sua formação. Como contraponto, recorre aos marcos da crítica substantiva e formal às teorias da modernização feita pela sociologia histórico-comparativa nas décadas de 1970 e 1980. Como resultado, propõe a convergência entre uma teoria crítica do estado e uma noção de processo histórico aberta à variação, à contingência e à contextualidade. Ao final, o trabalho enquadra uma nova onda de estudos histórico-comparativos sobre os estados latino-americanos, percebendo nela caminhos promissores para a superação do viés modernizador. / This dissertation focuses on the historical formation of modern states, analyzing the literature about such phenomenon in Europe and Latin America. Its main argument is that it is possible to, by assuming historical sociology as political theory, to develop more accurate theoretical and methodological tools to understand state organizations and the historical explanation in social sciences. The secondary argument is that the ongoing discussion on state building is embedded in a modernizing bias in the way it articulates a concept of state with the process of its development. Exploring this insight, the dissertation specifies the modernizing bias in terms of distortions in the comprehension of state and history, converting it into a yardstick for the critique of certain narratives on the Latin American states and its formation. As reply, it traces back the substantive and methodological criticism of modernization theories made by comparative-historical sociology in the 1970s and 1980s. As a result, it proposes a convergence between a critical theory of the state with a notion of historical process open to variation, contingency and contextuality. By the end, the dissertation explores a new wave of historical-comparative studies on Latin American states, emphasizing promising pathways for the transcendence of the modernizing bias.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 842013 bytes, checksum: 66aa3f751b83b266f31802b1ada0cfd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this work was to analyze the construction of the Brazilian State in the second half of the nineteenth century, via debates, conflicts and accommodations between Liberal and Catholic thoughts, considering the establishment and organization of public instruction in the country. The study was developed intending to create links between history and political thought a history-problem which "observe" the past not by itself, but as a key to understand the problems of the present, especially the political and the social ones. Using official documents of the Catholic Church and the speeches of ecclesiastics members of the Brazilian parliament, we tried to understand what were their proposals for public education in Brazil in opposition to liberal political thought. In contrast, the liberal thought was also analyzed from point of view of "classic" texts of some well known thinkers in modenity and also of Brazilian political subjects in the nineteenth century, concerned with the issue of public instruction, and that, somehow, established connections with liberalist thoughts. Among these, as a sample and attempt to understand liberalism in Brazil, it was highlighted the work of Diogo Antônio Feijó, in the first half of the nineteenth century; Tavares Bastos, in the transition to the second half, and Rui Barbosa in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. / O esforço empreendido nesta Dissertação foi o de analisar a formação do Estado brasileiro, na segunda metade do século XIX, a partir dos debates, conflitos e acomodações entre o pensamento liberal e a doutrina social católica, no que diz respeito à instalação e organização da instrução pública no país. O trabalho foi elaborado pretendendo estabelecer uma ponte entre história e pensamento político, ou seja, uma história-problema, que observasse o passado não por ele mesmo, mas como chave de compreensão dos problemas, sobretudo políticos e sociais do presente. Por meio dos documentos oficiais da Igreja Católica e dos discursos de eclesiásticos, membros do parlamento brasileiro, tentou-se perceber quais as propostas de instrução pública para o Brasil, da doutrina social católica em oposição ao pensamento político liberal. Este, por sua vez, foi também apreendido por meio de textos clássicos de alguns pensadores de intensa circulação na modernidade e de sujeitos políticos do Brasil no século XIX, envolvidos com o tema da instrução pública, e que, de alguma maneira, estabeleceram filiações, afinidades eletivas , com o liberalismo. Desses, como amostra e tentativa de entender o liberalismo no Brasil, destaquei a atuação de Diogo Antônio Feijó, na primeira metade do século XIX; Tavares Bastos, na transição para a segunda; e Rui Barbosa, no final do Oitocentos e início do século XX.

Bibliographic Record DANIEL, JAN. International Peacekeeping and Hybrid Order: UNIFIL II in South Lebanon. Prague, 2017. 257 p. Doctoral dissertation (Ph.D.) Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies. Thesis supervisor: JUDr. PhDr. Tomáš Karásek, Ph.D. Abstract The thesis explores an engagement of a UN peace operation with a local political order. It builds on understanding of peacekeeping as policing of certain vision of international and local order and on that basis, it explores practices and politics of keeping peace. Drawing on the study of UNIFIL II, the UN peacekeeping operation deployed in South Lebanon, the study focuses on practices by which peacekeepers perform their policing duties in the local order, which is marked by entanglements between state and non- state ordering authorities and different practice of stateness. By doing so, it seeks to advance the research on the everyday practices of peacekeeping, as well as the research on local hybridity of peace operations and engagement of liberal actors with the local difference. Drawing on the debates in critical peace studies and works on practice-oriented approaches to research on liberal governmentality, it makes the case for focusing on the peacekeepers' engagement with the 'local' order on the...

The purpose of this study is to examine the seldom researched Swedish geopolitical interests inNorway in the first half of the 17th century, with the brief 1658 conquest of Trondheim as itscentral event of inquiry. Through the study of privy council protocols and chancellor AxelOxenstierna’s correspondence, the study builds a case for the confluence of security, commerce, andthe concepts of nations as the influencing factors that shaped Swedish imperial foreign policy in thedecades leading up to the dramatic war of 1658, yielding a theoretical construction of the Empire’sBaltic doctrine, or the Oxenstierna doctrine, as an explanatory model for Sweden’s early modernexpansion patterns. Subsequently through understanding of the Empire’s expansionist rationaleleading up to 1658, the conquest of the Norwegian province of Trondheim is put in a new light ashaving been an interruptive and complicated re-imagining of what the Swedish Empire should be.

After the fall of the Soviet Union a number of violent ethnic disputes were concluded through the establishment of ceasefires but have yet to be finalized through peace accords. This development resulted in the creation of de facto states in a setting known as ‘frozen conflicts’. These de facto states have managed to endure decades of unrecognition, stuck in a situation of “no war, no peace” and constitutes today “effective” political entities. The post-war development in these frozen conflicts has continuously surprised academia, defying pessimistic prediction of their sustainability. Following the positive, hybridized peace etymology laid out by Oliver Richmond, this thesis aims at exploring the peace- and state processes that has occurred during the Nagorno Karabakh peace process in order to explain the ambiguous developments that have been going on despite the limbo-like state of unrecognition. The relation between external and internal processes is interrogated through a periodization of key events, and thereafter a comprehensive analysis of how the processes relate to each other over time. The thesis concludes that the strong presence of identity politics regarding the historical Nagorno Karabakh favors the often violent and protective state formation process but is at least partially controlled by the international attempts at peace building. Local formations of peace do not allow for a reintegration of Nagorno Karabakh into Azerbaijan, at least not without explicit and extensive security and autonomy guarantees. Likewise, the external processes of peace and state building does not allow for local agency from Nagorno Karabakh, as it is viewed through a negative ontology of peace. The processes does provide some rather successful developments, as the almost finalized Land swap deal and the Madrid principles, but lacks the momentum of conquering the dominance of perceived or actualized violent state formation processes.

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This dissertation is devoted to the study of who used the formal channels of interaction in the early modern era and why. It examines the full range of the political conversation in early modern Sweden, as seen in the supplications to the Diet in the Age of Liberty (1719–1772), and more specifically the supplications submitted to the parliamentary committee tasked with handling them, the Screening Deputation. The literature yields few systematic studies of this official channel, and supplications have long been terra incognita in the early modern political landscape. Their exact importance is uncertain, to say the least. Using a database built on three samples from the beginning, middle, and end of the Age of Liberty, the Diet's supplication channel is shown to have been used by two groups: supplicants from state-affiliated households primarily tried to use it to pursue their claims on the state, to settle various issues related to employment, or to receive some sort of support through hard times; and, increasingly, commoners, especially delegates in the Estate of the Burghers, used the channel for their gravamina concerning commerce, taxation, and the like, and state support for public amenities, a group for whom the Screening Deputation offered an alternative route to getting their grievances heard by the Diet. Both groups increasingly used the Diet's supplication channel was appeal the verdicts of the King in Council (Kungl. Maj:t). Although most were not appeals against the Judicial Audit, the results reveal an active use of appeals, and thus a de facto erosion of Kungl. Maj:t's supremacy. The results also show that as many as three-fifths of all supplicants had their supplications accepted by the Screening Deputation for further examination by the Diet. Although the acceptance rate was definitely lower in the 1730s and 1740s, the committee seems to have been fairly benevolent in its interpretation of the rules on petitioning. The results, lastly, show that although the Diet's supplication channel allowed excluded groups direct access to the Diet - including women of all classes, commoners of rank, and unrepresented groups - it mainly catered to men with the social status or wealth that put them in the middle and upper strata of society. Although this supplication channel stood open to anyone, its egalitarian potential was seemingly never realized. The use of March and Olsen's institutional theory about the logic of appropriateness, has revealed that certain institutional templates and norms that would have enabled these groups more access to the channel succumbed and made room for other institutional foundations. Supplications were part of the medieval and early modern centralization of legal and political power, the formation of the state, the protection of the privileges of Swedish subjects, and, during the Age of Liberty, the power struggle between the Diet and the kings. Each supplication viewed by itself might seem trivial, but nonetheless played a part in each and every one of these major processes. An ordinary Swede could have an impact on early modern politics when acting in concert with other supplicants, like rain eating away at rock.

O Recôncavo Baiano é uma área na qual diversas manifestações populares de matriz cultural afro-brasileira estão preservadas, como é o caso do samba de roda, do maculêlê e da capoeira. A capoeira possui um discurso político de resistência que sustenta tal identidade cultural. Esta pesquisa se inicia perseguindo uma linhagem de capoeira angola remetida ao Recôncavo Baiano, em especial à cidade de Santo Amaro. Buscando articular igualmente os planos da história e da experiência narradas por essa linhagem, se deparou com uma capoeira diferenciável. Em seus resultados compreende que o que é atualmente conhecido por capoeira se desenvolveu a partir de processos históricos. Para compreendê-los recorremos ao universo carioca do início do século XIX, quando os primeiros documentos sobre capoeiras aparecem. Entendemos esse contexto enquanto uma determinada forma de reprodução das relações sociais, comprometidas com o escravismo, resultando numa mobilização do trabalho particularmente experimentada pelos capoeiras, por meio da perseguição e prisão empreendidas pelo nascente Estado nacional. Num comparativo com o Rio de Janeiro, analisamos o Recôncavo Baiano das relações de produção canavieira, e o seu desenvolvimento no pós-abolição, implicadas em particulares formas de controle sobre os trabalhadores. A criminalização da capoeiragem em 1890 seria então um momento em que esses contextos particulares foram articulados. Essa análise apontou que por meio da capoeira é possível discutir criticamente o processo de formação das relações de trabalho no Brasil, tendo como anteparo a própria constituição do Estado nacional, culminando com o reconhecimento da capoeira e sua descriminalização a partir da década de 1930. Tais aspectos são representativos para compreender o lugar que o capoeira, em sua transformação em capoeirista, vai experimentar. / The Recôncavo Baiano is an area in which diverse popular expressions of Afro- Brazilian cultural origin are preserved, as is the case for samba de roda, maculêlê and capoeira. Capoeira has a political discourse of resistance that supports such cultural identity. This research begins by pursuing a capoeira angola lineage referred to the Recôncavo Baiano, especially to the city of Santo Amaro. Seeking to articulate equally the plans of history and experience, narrated by this lineage, a differentiable capoeira came across this work. In its results, we understand that what is currently known as capoeira has developed from a historical process. To understand it we used the context of Rio de Janeiro in the early nineteenth century, when the first documents about capoeiras appear. We understand this context as a certain form of reproduction of social relations, committed to slavery, resulting in a labor mobilization particularly experienced by capoeiras, through the persecution and arrest undertaken by the nascent national state. In a comparison with Rio de Janeiro, we analyze the Recôncavo Baiano of the relations of sugarcane production, and its development in post-abolition, implied in particular forms of control over workers. So, the criminalization of capoeira in 1890 would be a time when these particular contexts were articulated. This analysis pointed out that through capoeira it is possible to critically discuss the process of the formation of labor relations in Brazil, having as a shield the constitution of the national State itself, ending in the recognition of capoeira and its decriminalization on the 1930s. Such aspects are representative to understand the place that capoeiras, in their transformation into capoeiristas, will experience.