Avec l'augmentation de l'utilisation des smartphones, des objets connectés et des véhicules automatiques, le domaine des systèmes embarqués est devenu omniprésent dans notre environnement. Ces systèmes sont souvent contraints en terme de consommation et de taille. L'utilisation des processeurs many-cores dans des systèmes embarqués permet une conception rapide tout en respectant des contraintes temps-réels et en conservant une consommation énergétique basse.Exécuter une application sur un processeur many-core requiert un dispatching des tâches appelé problème de mapping et est connu comme étant NP-complet.Les contributions de cette thèse sont divisées en trois parties :Tout d'abord, nous étendons d'importantes propriétés dataflow au modèle Phased Computation Graph.Ensuite, nous présentons un générateur de graphe dataflow capable de générer des Synchonous Dataflow Graphs, Cyclo-Static Dataflow Graphs et Phased Computation Graphs vivant avec plus de 10000 tâches en moins de 30 secondes. Le générateur est comparé à SDF3 et PREESM.Enfin, la contribution majeure de cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode d'évaluation d'un mapping en utilisant les modèles Synchonous Dataflow Graphe et Cyclo-Static Dataflow Graphe. La méthode évalue efficacement la mémoire consommée par les communications d'un dataflow mappé sur une architecture à mémoire distribuée. L'évaluation est déclinée en deux versions, la première garantit la vivacité alors que la seconde ajoute une contrainte de débit. La méthode d'évaluation est expérimentée avec des dataflow générés par Turbine et avec des applications réelles. / With the increasing use of smart-phones, connected objects or automated vehicles, embedded systems have become ubiquitous in our living environment. These systems are often highly constrained in terms of power consumption and size. They are more and more implemented with many-core processor array that allow, rapid design to meet stringent real-time constraints while operating at relatively low frequency, with reduced power consumption.Running an application on a processor array requires dispatching its tasks on the processors in order to meet capacity and performance constraints. This mapping problem is known to be NP-complete.The contributions of this thesis are threefold:First we extend important notions from the Cyclo-Static Dataflow Graph to the Phased Computation Graph model and two equivalent sufficient conditions of liveness.Second, we present a random dataflow graph generator able to generate Synchonous Dataflow Graphs, Cyclo-Static Dataflow Graphs and Phased Computation Graphs. The Generator, is able to generate live dataflow of up to 10,000 tasks in less than 30 seconds. It is compared with SDF3 and PREESM.Third and most important, we propose a new method of evaluation of a mapping using the Synchonous Dataflow Graph and the Cyclo-Static Dataflow Graph models. The method evaluates efficiently the memory footprint of the communications of a dataflow graph mapped on a distributed architecture. The evaluation is declined in two versions, the first guarantees a live mapping while the second accounts for a constraint on throughput.The evaluation method is experimented on dataflow graphs from Turbine and on real-life applications.

The diploma thesis deals with a desing and assessment a prestressed ceiling structure above a family house with a vegetated roof. The creation of the static model was analyzed by the SCIA Engineer program.

In order to identify the weakest bus in a power system so that the Unified Power Flow Controller could be connected, an investigation of static and dynamic voltage stability is presented. Two stability indices, static and dynamic, have been proposed in the thesis. Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) analysis has been used for the dynamic stability analysis. Results based on the Western System Coordinate Council (WSCC) 3-machine, 9-bus test system and IEEE 14 bus Reliability Test System (RTS) shows that these indices detect with the degree of accuracy the weakest bus, the weakest line and the voltage stability margin in the test system before suffering from voltage collapse. Recently, Flexible Alternating Current Transmission systems (FACTs) have become significant due to the need to strengthen existing power systems. The UPFC has been identified in literature as the most comprehensive and complex FACTs equipment that has emerged for the control and optimization of power flow in AC transmission systems. Significant research has been done on the UPFC. However, the extent of UPFC capability, connected to the weakest bus in maintaining the power flows under fault conditions, not only in the line where it is installed, but also in adjacent parallel lines, remains to be studied. In the literature, it has normally been assumed the UPFC is disconnected during a fault period. In this investigation it has been shown that fault conditions can affect the UPFC significantly, even if it occurred on far buses of the power system. This forms the main contribution presented in this thesis. The impact of UPFC in minimizing the disturbances in voltages, currents and power flows under fault conditions are investigated. The WSCC 3-machine, 9-bus test system is used to investigate the effect of an unsymmetrical fault type and position on the operation of UPFC controller in accordance to the G59 protection, stability and regulation. Results show that it is necessary to disconnect the UPFC controller from the power system during unsymmetrical fault conditions. / Libyan Government

There is an increasing trend in manufacturing industry for producing complex and delicate parts. As a result, the importance of having a deeper understanding of machine systems, in order toget higher accuracy of machined parts, arises. This leads to an increasing demand of testingmachine accuracy under operational condition. There are methods that has been investigated in order to test under operational condition. However, the studies were mostly focused on thestatic, quasi-static and dynamic states separately and comparison were not investigated. This thesis aims at presenting a comparative study of static and quasi-static compliance on machine tool under loaded conditions, to investigate how the stiffness changes from static toquasi-static state, and also the potential factors that would lead to this result. A 5-axis machine tool- Hermle C50U machine is used in order to perform the measurements.The method chosen for the measurements includes circular tests under loaded conditions utilizinga loaded double ball bar device. Three LVDTs are used for the measurements, in order to detect the deflection along the circular trajectory. The main parameter that undergoes study is the effect of the applied feed rate. After the measurements, the data is analyzed using MAT-LAB and the average deflections for both states are compared. In general, the results show that there is no significant difference between the two states, despite the observed different shape ofdeflection. / Det finns en ökande trend inom tillverkningsindustrin för tillverkning av komplexa och känsliga delar. Som ett resultat uppstår vikten av att ha en djupare förståelse för maskinsystem, för att få högre noggrannhet hos bearbetade delar. Detta leder till en ökande efterfrågan på att testamaskinens noggrannhet under driftsförhållanden. Det finns metoder som har undersökts för att testa under driftskondition. Studierna var dock mest inriktade på de statiska, kvasistatiska och dynamiska tillstånden separat och jämförelsen undersöktes inte. Denna avhandling syftar till att presentera en jämförande studie av statisk och kvasi-statisk överensstämmelse på maskinverktyg under belastade förhållanden, för att undersöka hur styvheten förändras från statiskt till kvasi-statiskt tillstånd, och även de potentiella faktorer som skulle leda till detta resultat. Ett 5-axligt verktygsmaskin- Hermle C50U-maskin används för att utföra mätningarna.Metoden som valts för mätningarna inkluderar cirkulära tester under belastade förhållanden med användning av en laddad dubbelkulstångsanordning. Tre LVDT används för mätningarna för att detektera nedböjningen längs cirkelbanan. Huvudparametern som genomgår studier är effekten av den applicerade matningshastigheten. Efter mätningarna analyseras data med MATLAB och de genomsnittliga avböjningarna för båda tillstånden jämförs. I allmänhet visar resultaten att det inte finns någon signifikant skillnad mellan de två tillstånden, trots den observerade olika avböjningsformen.

Self-calibrating eye tracker using image saliency. / Självkalibrerande ögonspårare med hjälp av image saliency.

Master of Science / Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science / Kimberly W. Kramer / The basic tenets of performance based seismic design (PBSD) are introduced. This includes a description of the underlying philosophy of PBSD, the concept of performance objectives, and a description of hazard levels and performance indicators. After establishing the basis of PBSD, analysis procedures that fit well within the PBSD framework are introduced. These procedures are divided into four basic categories: linear static, linear dynamic, nonlinear static, and nonlinear static. Baseline FEMA requirements are introduced for each category. Each analysis category is then expanded to include a detailed description of and variations on the basic procedure. Finally, optimization procedures that mesh well with a PBSD framework are introduced and described. The optimization discussion focuses first on the solution tools needed to effectively execute a PBSD multi-objective optimization procedure, namely genetic and evolutionary strategies algorithms. Next, multiple options for defining objective functions and constraints are presented to illustrate the versatility of structural optimization. Taken together, this report illustrates the unique aspects of PBSD. As PBSD moves to the forefront of design methodology, the subjects discussed serve to familiarize engineers with the advantages, possibilities, and finer workings of this powerful new design methodology.

This thesis examines the use of irony in Joyce’s Portrait, claiming that it has the effect of deconstructing common notions of maturity that are engrained within the Bildungsroman tradition, and that this was Joyce’s intention. In Portrait, irony plays the role of psychological reality, undercutting Stephen’s unrealistic expectation to see his life follow a traditional path of teleological progression. This essay proceeds by looking at the novel’s symbolic, thematic and literary cues, as well as through an analysis of its structure, and Stephen’s psychological and behavioral tendencies throughout the novel. This interpretation of the irony as bearing deconstructive meaning comes from the essay adopting a static, as opposed to a kinetic, apprehension of Stephen in Portrait.

Existing low-voltage networks may not accommodate high penetrations of low-carbon technologies. The topic of this thesis is unbalance, which if minimised can delay or avoid the constraining of these technologies or the replacing of still-useful network assets. Most of the discussion on unbalance, as seen in the standards and the literature, centres on the effects of voltage unbalance on consumer equipment. Its effects on the network are not equally reported. This thesis recognises fundamental differences between the consumer and network perspectives. It can inform distribution network operators on the interpretation of measurements taken on low-voltage networks and guide research on unbalance due to high penetrations of low-carbon technologies. Much of the work involved simulations of LV networks. Initially, existing 3 x 3 or 5 x 5 approaches to the forward-backward sweep method were thought suitable. After a review of these approaches however, there were doubts as to how accurately they accounted for the shared neutral-earth return path on which the out-of-balance current flows. This led to the derivation of a new 5 x 5 approach using only Kirchhoff s voltage (KVL) and current laws (KCL). Its results are validated thoroughly in the thesis. In addition to satisfying KVL and KCL, they match Matlab SimPowerSystems exactly and are in close agreement with measurements taken on a very unbalanced rural feeder. This thesis also investigates the mitigation of unbalance using the static balancer. This is a transformer with a single interconnected-star winding. It was used in 1930-1950s to correct unbalance. Contributions are made for its possible re-introduction as a retrofit option. They include a model for use in the forward-backward sweep method, validated by laboratory and field measurements, and the quantification of the static balancer s strengths and weaknesses as this can help identify when it should be used.

This study was initiated to quantify the effect of different degrees of irregularity on structures designed for earthquake using simplified analysis. The types of irregularity considered were: (a) Vertical Irregularity • Mass • Stiffness -Strength (b) Horizontal (Plan) Irregularity • Diaphragm Flexibility Simple models were used to allow many analyses to be conducted in a relatively short time. For vertical irregularity studies, simple shear-type structures were designed according to the New Zealand design Standard, NZS1170.5, firstly as regular structures, and then they were redesigned as irregular structures to the same target drift. Both regular and irregular structures were then subjected to a suite of records, and vertical irregularity effects evaluated from the difference in response. For the flexible diaphragm effect study, simple models of structures were developed with: (a) a rigid diaphragm assumption; and (b) a flexible diaphragm assumption. Flexible diaphragm effects were evaluated by conducting time-history analyses and comparing the responses of structures with rigid and flexible diaphragms. A mechanics based approach was developed to quantify flexible diaphragm effects, which was shown to produce consistent results with those from time-history analyses. Relationships between the degree of irregularity and the change in behaviour were developed. This information facilitates designers and plan checkers to rapidly evaluate the likely effect of irregularity on structures. It provides guidance as to: (a) when the effect of structural irregularity can be ignored, and (b) the change in demands for different degrees of structural irregularity. The relations developed also provide a rigorous technical basis for future regularity provisions in the NZS1170.5 and other world-wide seismic design codes.

Time-series power flow simulations are consecutive power flow calculations on each time step of a set of load and generation profiles that represent the time horizon under which a network needs to be analyzed. These simulations are one of the fundamental tools to carry out cost-benefit analyses of grid planing and operation strategies in the presence of distributed energy resources, unfortunately, their execution time is quite substantial. In the specific case of cost-benefit analyses the execution time of time-series power flow simulations can easily become excessive, as typical time horizons are in the order of a year and different scenarios need to be compared, which results in time-series simulations that require a rather large number of individual power flow calculations. It is often the case that only a set of aggregated simulation outputs is required for assessing grid operation costs, examples of which are total network losses, power exchange through MV/LV substation transformers, and total power provision from PV generators. Exploring alternatives to running time-series power flow simulations with complete input data that can produce approximations of the required results with a level of accuracy that is suitable for cost-benefit analyses but that require less time to compute can thus be beneficial. This thesis explores and compares different methods for shortening time-series power flow simulations based on reducing the amount of input data and thus the required number of individual power flow calculations, and focuses its attention on two of them: one consists in reducing the time resolution of the input profiles through downsampling while the other consists in finding similar time steps in the input profiles through vector quantization and simulating them only once. The results show that considerable execution time reductions and sufficiently accurate results can be obtained with both methods, but vector quantization requires much less data to produce the same level of accuracy as downsampling. Vector quantization delivers a far superior trade-off between data reduction, time savings, and accuracy when the simulations consider voltage control or when more than one simulation with the same input data is required, as in such cases the data reduction process can be carried out only once. One disadvantage of this method is that it does not reproduce peak values in the result profiles with accuracy, which is due to the way downsampling disregards certain time steps in the input profiles and to the averaging effect vector quantization has on the them. This disadvantage makes the simulations shortened through these methods less precise, for example, for detecting voltage violations.