O debate sobre democracia intrapartidária é o ponto de partida deste trabalho. Com base no estudo sistemático dos estatutos de dez partidos brasileiros, discute-se a organização de tais instituições, buscando identificar como estruturas e valores do regime democrático materializam-se em regras estatutárias. Substancialmente influenciados pelo modelo de Robert Dahl, o conceito de democracia que elegemos a concebe em duas dimensões: Competição e Participação. Ao final da pesquisa, os partidos analisados são agrupados sob o viés da distinção ideológica, intuindo-se verificar se há diferença entre a esquerda e a direita no que concerne ao modelo de democracia interna que propomos e discutimos. / The intra-party democracy discussion is the origin of this work. Based in the systematic study of statutes from ten Brazilian parties, we talk about party organization, trying to identify how democratic structures and values turn into statutory rules. Substantially influenced by Robert Dahl model, the concept of democracy we elected deals with two dimensions: Competition and Participation. In the end of the research, the analyzed parties are grouped according to their ideological tendencies, so we can verify if there is any difference between left and right, regarding the proposed and discussed intra-party democracy model.

O debate sobre democracia intrapartidária é o ponto de partida deste trabalho. Com base no estudo sistemático dos estatutos de dez partidos brasileiros, discute-se a organização de tais instituições, buscando identificar como estruturas e valores do regime democrático materializam-se em regras estatutárias. Substancialmente influenciados pelo modelo de Robert Dahl, o conceito de democracia que elegemos a concebe em duas dimensões: Competição e Participação. Ao final da pesquisa, os partidos analisados são agrupados sob o viés da distinção ideológica, intuindo-se verificar se há diferença entre a esquerda e a direita no que concerne ao modelo de democracia interna que propomos e discutimos. / The intra-party democracy discussion is the origin of this work. Based in the systematic study of statutes from ten Brazilian parties, we talk about party organization, trying to identify how democratic structures and values turn into statutory rules. Substantially influenced by Robert Dahl model, the concept of democracy we elected deals with two dimensions: Competition and Participation. In the end of the research, the analyzed parties are grouped according to their ideological tendencies, so we can verify if there is any difference between left and right, regarding the proposed and discussed intra-party democracy model.

O debate sobre democracia intrapartidária é o ponto de partida deste trabalho. Com base no estudo sistemático dos estatutos de dez partidos brasileiros, discute-se a organização de tais instituições, buscando identificar como estruturas e valores do regime democrático materializam-se em regras estatutárias. Substancialmente influenciados pelo modelo de Robert Dahl, o conceito de democracia que elegemos a concebe em duas dimensões: Competição e Participação. Ao final da pesquisa, os partidos analisados são agrupados sob o viés da distinção ideológica, intuindo-se verificar se há diferença entre a esquerda e a direita no que concerne ao modelo de democracia interna que propomos e discutimos. / The intra-party democracy discussion is the origin of this work. Based in the systematic study of statutes from ten Brazilian parties, we talk about party organization, trying to identify how democratic structures and values turn into statutory rules. Substantially influenced by Robert Dahl model, the concept of democracy we elected deals with two dimensions: Competition and Participation. In the end of the research, the analyzed parties are grouped according to their ideological tendencies, so we can verify if there is any difference between left and right, regarding the proposed and discussed intra-party democracy model.

Cette étude sur la situation économique, politique, sociale ou encore juridique des outre-mer français permet de mettreen évidence les changements apportés par la réforme constitutionnelle de 2003 avec l’entrée en vigueur des statutsPTOM-RUP et de dresser un bilan sur la portée de l’action administrative française à travers son histoire. Le processusengagé par l’UE, d’association pour les PTOM et d’intégration pour les RUP, transforme l’ensemble des décisionsadministratives locales et conditionne le degré d’autonomie institutionnel, parfois même, pour certains, le choixd’indépendance. Les politiques, nationale et européenne, menées dans les outre-mer français engagent l’action administrative à travers divers schémas institutionnels qui dénaturent la convergence des règles juridiques au sein même de la République entrainant la multiplication des contentieux administratifs et la remise en question des consensus juridique et économique des outre-mer français. Pour assurer la continuité du service public dans les milieux ultramarins, la réforme administrative est urgente et incontournable, c’est l’enjeu de la République française. / This study on the economic situation, policy, social or legal of overseas French makes it possible to high light thechanges brought by the constitutional reform of 2003 with the coming into effect of statutes PTOM-RUP and to makean assessment on the range of the French administrative action through its history. The involved process by the EU, ofassociation for the PTOM and integration for the RUP, transforms the whole of the local administrative decisions andconditions the institutional degree of autonomy, sometimes even, for some, the choice of independence.The policies, main road and European, carried out in overseas French take the administrative action through variousinstitutional diagrams which denature the convergence of the legal rules to the center even of the Republic involving themultiplication of the administrative dispute and the handing-over in question of the legal and economic consensus ofoverseas French. To ensure the continuity of the public service in the ultramarines mediums, the administrative reformis urgent and impossible to circumvent, it is the challenge of the French Republic.

La Franche-Comté a connu des changements importants au cours du dix-septième siècle. Pendant la guerre de Dix Ans, version locale de celle de Trente Ans, elle perd la moitié de sa population. Elle se relèvera démographiquement grâce à une immigration française, savoyarde et lorraine. Au début du siècle elle était un état autonome au sein de la monarchie des Habsbourg. Besançon perd en 1654 son statut de ville libre d’Empire et son droit de siéger à la Diète. La Franche-Comté est réunie à la France en 1678 par le traité de Nimègue. La suppression des Etats de la province va déséquilibrer les institutions en favorisant l’absolutisme. Sur le plan ecclésiastique, le chapitre métropolitain perd son droit d’élire l’archevêque ; un indult de nomination est concédé à Louis XIV en 1698. Pendant un siècle et demi après le concile de Trente, la réforme du clergé et des fidèles va se déployer en étant soutenue par un élan religieux. L’année 1665 avec la fondation du séminaire de Besançon constitue un moment décisif. L’année suivante l’archevêque demande qu’une école primaire soit ouverte dans chaque village. Choisis par un concours, les curés deviennent suffisamment instruits pour enseigner leurs ouailles. / Franche-Comte went through significant changes in the seventeenth century. During the “10 Years War”, a local episode which was part of the “30 Years War”, it lost half its population, expanding subsequently through immigration from France, Savoy and Lorraine. At the beginning of the century it was an autonomous State under Hapsburg rule, but in 1654 Besancon lost its status as a “free town” and its right of a seat in Parliament. In 1678 Franche-Comté was re-united with France under the Treaty of Nijmegen. The abolition of the States of the province destabilized the institutions favouring absolutism. The Metropolitan Chapter lost the privilege of electing its Archbishop, this responsibility passing to Louis XIV in 1698. After the Council of Trent, the reform of the clergy and the followers increased and was carried away by a religious impulse. 1665 saw the founding of the Seminary of Besancon, a decisive moment because the following year the Archbishop called for primary schools to be opened in every village. Parish priests, who were to teach their flock, were selected by competition and were to be trained to carry out these duties.

This diploma thesis is concerned with creation of a computer program for management of technical documentation and its retrieval over a network. The program allows keyword search in documents in a database, either in all of them or in those selected according to given criteria. Any document found is then available for viewing. Moreover, users can create custom shortcuts to arbitrary places in documents for quick access. The program has been written in the PHP scripting language and employs an HTTP server, thus it can be used not only on a local area network but also remotely from other places with internet connectivity.

This article considers the nature of interpretation as important question in constitutional interpretation from a theonomic epistemological perspective. Theonomic epistemology is summarily described. The modem language philosophy's view of the nature of interpretation is then investigated, after which a theonomic definition of interpretation and hermeneutics is suggested. Different approaches to interpretation commonly found in legal practice are evaluated on the basis of the suggested definition. The theonomic approach is then applied to another issue in constitutional interpretation, the nature of the judicial function, and broad guidelines are given for the practical application of theonomic epistemological considerations. / Hierdie artikel ondersoek die wese van interpretasie as belangrike vraagstuk by grondwetuitleg vanuit die perspektief van die teonome epistemologie. Die teonome epistemologie word oorsigtelik beskryf. Die modeme taalfilosofie se beskouing van interpretasie word dan behandel, waama 'n teonome definisie van interpretasie en hermeneutiek voorgestel word. Die verskillende uitlegbenaderings wat algemeen in die praktyk voorkom, word aan die hand van die voorgestelde definisie geevalueer. Vervolgens word die teonome benadering op 'n ander vraagstuk van grondwetuitleg - die aard van die regterlike funksie - toegepas, en word bree riglyne vir toepassing van teonome epistemologiese oorwegings in die praktyk van regspraak gegee. / Department of Constitutional International & Indigenous Law / LL.M.

The problem of this study was the investigation of the development of H.B. 235 and its impact upon the role of the high school principal in Texas, as perceived by high school principals, superintendents, and selected professors of educational administration. The purpose of the study was twofold. First, it analyzed the development and provisions of H.B. 235, and second, it tried to determine the impact of its implementation upon the role of the high school principal in Texas.

The thesis titled "French News Agency AFP - the Agency with Special Statutes" deals with the world agency AFP and its public statutes. The news agency is defined on the most general base and there is described the history of the first news agency Havas which is followed by AFP. The author is also interested in foundation of AFP and its transformation into the public institution. The thesis deals with reporting tasks, financial sources, composition and competence of the inspecting authority and statutory authority of Agence France-Presse and Czech News Agency. The content of the work is comparison of agencies above. In the final chapter the author reminds the attempt to change the special statutes of AFP.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Rahal Canado.pdf: 1344555 bytes, checksum: ce50353e26b3a9ff2505c55d9603a027 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the role of the judicial decisions for regulating paying taxes behavior, from the diagnosis of the fallibility of the positive law (statutes). The impossibility of the general and abstract rules, the distinctive characteristic of civil law, to instruct adequately the paying taxes behavior, conduct to judicial decisions the role of defining the existence of tax obligations (as typically occurs in common law systems). A critical analysis of the main characteristics of civil law allows demystify some perceptions that prevent this appreciation of the judicial decisions, especially that the statutes would be the primary source and the judicial decision has a secondary role. From the observation of the role of judicial decisions to ensure the Rule of Law for tax purposes, even in civil law countries, we propose a new concept of Regra-Matriz de Incidência Tributária the essential rule designed for paying taxes which takes into account not only the general and abstract rules from statutes but also those statements from judicial decisions. This perspective aims to propose a more precise standard for paying taxes behavior and, therefore, a more effective idea of Rule of Law for tax purposes. It is necessary to warn that it is not any judicial decision that is able to integrate the set of statements of the tax incidence rule (Regra-Matriz de Incidência Tributária). For the judicial decision to be able to collaborate to establish general standards of paying taxes behavior they must be final and the Courts must be committed to binding prior understandings, as it occurs in common law countries / O objetivo desta tese é demonstrar o papel da jurisprudência para regulação de condutas no direito tributário, a partir do diagnóstico de falibilidade do direito positivo. A impossibilidade de as normas gerais e abstratas, características do civil law, informarem de forma suficiente a conduta a ser seguida, desloca para as decisões judiciais (como tipicamente ocorre no sistema common law) o papel de delimitar a existência das obrigações tributárias. A análise crítica das principais características do civil law permite desmistificar algumas percepções que impedem essa valorização da decisão judicial, especialmente a de que a lei seria fonte primária, tendo a jurisprudência um papel secundário. A partir da constatação do papel fundamental das decisões judiciais para garantia da legalidade tributária, mesmo nos países de civil law, propomos uma nova concepção de Regra-Matriz de Incidência Tributária, que leva em consideração não só os enunciados prescritivos das normas gerais e abstratas, mas também aqueles presentes na jurisprudência. Essa perspectiva tem o objetivo de propor uma norma de conduta mais precisa e, com isso, uma ideia de legalidade tributária mais efetiva. É necessário alertar que não é qualquer decisão judicial que está apta a integrar-se aos enunciados de normas gerais e abstratas. Para que a jurisprudência seja capaz de colaborar na delimitação de normas gerais de conduta tem de ser ela colhida de tribunais superiores e deve haver comprometimento de vinculação de entendimentos anteriores ao julgamento de casos posteriores, assim como ocorre nos países de common law