The load-carrying capacity of aging bridge members may at times be found insufficient due to deterioration and a historical trend towards increased truck axle loads beyond their design capacity. Structurally deficient bridges are problematic for bridge owners and users because they restrict traffic usage and require bridges to be posted (operate at less than their ideal capacity). Structural deficiency is the primary motivation for bridge owners to retrofit bridges to meet a specified operating demand. It may be required to replace or retrofit a portion or all of a deficient bridge. The replacement of an entire bridge or even a part of the bridge is generally less desirable than a retrofit solution because retrofits are generally a cheaper alternative to the entire replacement of a structure and usually do not require the bridge's closure. Standard strengthening solutions for corroded members include bolting or welding steel cover plates, replacing sections of the girder, or adding external prestressed tendons. However, these methods also have several challenges, including required lane closures, high installation costs, increased dead weight, and continuing corrosion issues. One alternative to conventional retrofits is the use of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates, which can be adhered to increase both strength and stiffness. CFRPs are a highly tailorable material with an extremely high strength-to-weight ratio, ease of installation and can potentially mitigate further corrosion concerns. Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) have already been widely accepted as a means of retrofitting reinforced concrete structures (AASHTO 2012, 2018a; ACI 2002, 2017; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering 2010, 2019) but have not yet been widely adopted in the steel industry due to the retrofit's material limitations (lower elastic modulus [less than 29,000 ksi], unanswered questions related to debonding, and no unified design or installation guides). However, newly developed materials and manufacturing processes have allowed for the economic development of stiffer CFRP materials suitable for steel structures, such as the high modulus (HM) CFRP strand sheet. This research analytically and experimentally investigates how newly developed HM strand sheets perform in small scale tensile testing and large scale flexural testing (laboratory and in situ testing). During the laboratory testing, these HM strand sheets were compared against normal modulus (NM) CFRP plates to draw conclusions on these different retrofitting materials (strength, stiffness, bond behavior, and applicability of the retrofit). Another central point in examing these different retrofit materials is how CFRPs perform when attached to structural steel with significant corrosion damage. Corrosion damage typically results in a variable surface profile, which may affect a CFRP retrofit's bond behavior. While limited laboratory testing has been conducted on CFRP attached to steel structures with simulated deterioration, the surface profile does not represent realistic conditions. The effects of a variable surface profile on the NM plate material and HM strand sheet were investigated using small scale tensile testing and large scale flexural testing. All the variable surface profiles tested for bond strength were fabricated based on "representative" simulated corrosion samples or on specimens with significant corrosion. Once all the variables pertaining to the new materials and the effect of a variable surface profile on CFRP retrofits had been examined in a laboratory setting, these retrofitting techniques were implemented on deteriorated in-service steel bridge structures. This research was the first to retrofit deteriorated in-service bridge structures with HM CFRP strand sheets in the United States. This in situ testing was used to compare the laboratory test data of an individually retrofitted girder to the behavior of a single girder that had been retrofitted in a bridge structure. This information was used to verify results on the behaviors of strengthening, stiffening, effects on live load distributions, and modeling assumptions of retrofitted bridge structures. The results from the laboratory testing and in situ testing of CFRP retrofits on corroded steel structures were synthesized to provide information on performance and design guidance for future retrofits. This dissertation provides additional information on CFRP retrofits applied to variable surface profiles and provides data on new CFRP materials (HM strand sheets). With this information, Departments of Transportation (DOT) can be confident as to where and when different types of CFRPs are a suitable retrofit material for corroded or uncorroded steel structures. / Doctor of Philosophy / The capacity of aging bridges may at times be found insufficient due to deterioration and a trend towards increased loading. Structurally deficient bridges are problematic for bridge owners and users because they restrict traffic usage and require bridges to operate at less than their intended capacity. Inadequate capacity are the primary motivation for bridge owners to repair (retrofit) bridges to meet specified traffic demands. Repairs usually do not require the bridge's closure to traffic. Standard repairs for corroded steel members include bolting or welding steel cover plates, replacing sections of the girder, or adding external prestressed tendons. However, these methods also have several challenges, including required bridge closures, high installation costs, increased weight, and continuing corrosion issues. One alternative to conventional repairs is the use of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates, which can be adhered to the deteriorated members to increase strength and stiffness. CFRPs are an extremely versatile material with high strength, high stiffness, ease of installation and can potentially mitigate concerns about further corrosion. Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) have already been widely accepted as a means of retrofitting reinforced concrete structures(AASHTO 2012, 2018a; ACI 2002, 2017; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering 2010, 2019) but have not yet been widely adopted in the steel industry due to the lack of literature and economical implementation of the CFRPs on steel. However, over the past 20 years, research has been completed on the application of CFRPs on steel, and newly developed materials were created for the economic implementation of CFRP materials suitable for steel structures. In particular, this material is a high modulus (HM) CFRP strand sheet, which has a higher stiffness than a conventional CFRP. This research investigated how newly developed HM strand sheets perform in small-scale laboratory testing and large-scale laboratory testing. Where material strengths, bondability, and the efficacy of different repairs were examined against conventional means on steel structures with and without corrosion deterioration. Once all the variables pertaining to the new materials and the effects corrosion had on CFRP retrofits had been examined in a laboratory setting, these retrofitting techniques were implemented on a deteriorated in-service steel bridge structure (field study) that required repair. This research was the first to repair deteriorated in-use bridge structures with HM CFRP strand sheets in the United States. This information was used to verify results on the material's behavior. The laboratory testing and field testing of CFRP retrofits on corroded steel structures were summarized to provide information on performance and design guidance for future retrofits. This dissertation provides additional information on CFRP repairs applied to corroded steel and provides data on new CFRP materials (HM strand sheets). With this information, Departments of Transportation (DOT) can be confident as to where and when different types of CFRPs are a suitable retrofit material for corroded or uncorroded steel structures.

This study is part of a VDOT sponsored project focusing on repair techniques for impact damaged prestressed bridge girders. The investigation included evaluation of the repair installation and flexural strength of four AASHTO Type III girders that were intentionally damaged and repaired. In addition, nonlinear finite element modeling was used to aid in the development of design protocols for each repair method. This report discusses two of the three repair techniques. Three Master of Science students report on the project results: Justin Liesen, Mark Jones, and Michael Gangi. Liesen and Jones (2015) had responsibility for the installation and testing of the repaired girders and Gangi (2015) performed the finite element modeling of the girders. Three repair methods were identified for experimental investigation: strand splice, bonded FRP, and FRCM. During this investigation the repair methods were evaluated by conducting six flexural tests on four AASHTO Type III girders. Flexural tests were conducted instead of shear tests because typical impact damage from overheight vehicles occurs around the mid-span and flexural strength dominated region of bridge girders. The cracking and failure moments for each test were evaluated and compared to predictions of the girder's behavior using AASHTO calculations, a moment-curvature diagram, and non-linear finite element modeling. / Master of Science

Aedes aegypti transmits the viruses which cause yellow fever, dengue fever, and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Homing endonucleases are selfish genetic elements which introduce double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks in a sequence-specific manner. In this study, we aimed to validate a somatic assay to detect recombinant homing endonuclease (rHE)-induced dsDNA breaks in both cultured cells and adult female Ae. aegypti. While the cell culture-based two plasmid assay used to test rHE ability to induce dsDNA breaks was inconclusive, assays used to test rHEs in Ae. aegypti were successful. Recognition sequences for various rHEs were introduced into Ae. aegypti through germline transformation, and imperfect repair at each of these exogenous sites was evaluated. In mosquitoes containing a single exogenous HE site, imperfect gap repair was detected in 40% and 21% of clones sequenced from mosquitoes exposed to I-PpoI and Iâ SceI, respectively. In mosquitoes containing two exogenous HE sites flanking a marker gene (EGFP), 100% of clones sequenced from mosquitoes exposed to I-PpoI, I-CreI, and I-AniI demonstrated excision of EGFP. No evidence of EGFP excision or imperfect repair at any HE recognition site was detected in mosquitoes not exposed to a rHE. In summary, a somatic genomic footprint assay was developed and validated to detect rHE or other meganuclease-induced site-specific dsDNA breaks in chromosomal DNA in Ae. aegypti. / Master of Science in Life Sciences

O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver, produzir e caracterizar painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual com as espécies de eucalipto (Eucalyptus spp.) e pinus (Pinus spp.) com densidade 1250 kg/m³, bem como avaliar o efeito da cura com carbonatação acelerada nas propriedades dos painéis. O projeto foi desenvolvido em quatro etapas. Na Etapa 1 (Tratamentos nos strands de eucalipto e pinus) foi realizada a produção e a avaliação do efeito dos tratamentos de água fria, água quente e solução 2,5% de hidróxido de sódio, nas propriedades dos strands, bem como o estudo do efeito dos strands de eucalipto e pinus (sem e com tratamentos) na hidratação do cimento Portland aos 28 dias de idade. Após a avaliação dos strands, foi constatado que os que não receberam tratamento apresentaram melhor desempenho em comparação aos strands tratados. A etapa 2 (Determinação do teor ótimo de strands de madeira para painéis OSB cimento-madeira residual) visou produzir painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual contendo os teores de 25%, 30% e 35% de strands em massa, seguindo a metodologia convencional de produção de painéis cimento-madeira (OSB-cimento-madeira) e avaliá-los por meio das propriedades, físicas, mecânicas e microestruturais. Os painéis OSB-cimento-madeira com os teores de 25%, 30% e 35% de strands apresentaram propriedades físicas próximas ao valor recomendado pela norma ISO 8335 como também para propriedades mecânicas de módulo de ruptura (MOR) e módulo de elasticidade (MOE). Na etapa 3 (Painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual otimizados) foram ajustados os parâmetros de produção (teor de strands, teor de água, processo de mistura e pressão) e avaliadas as propriedades térmicas, físicas e mecânicas dos painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual com 35% e 45% de strands (em massa). Foi observado que após o ajuste da água não evaporável (Wn), os valores de densidade aparente foram próximos ao valor proposto nos parâmetros produtivos. O teor de strands de 45% resultou em um aumento de aproximadamente 31% no MOR paralelo e de 93% no MOE perpendicular ao strand em comparação com painéis fabricados com teores de 35%. A pressão empregada foi efetiva uma vez que proporcionou uma compressão adequada para ambos os painéis (eucalipto e pinus), não sendo evidenciado o \"efeito mola\". Na Etapa 4 (Cura com carbonatação acelerada em painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual) em que foram avaliados os painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual com 45% de strands submetidos a cura com carbonatação acelerada, durante 12 h foi observada uma redução do inchamento em espessura e da absorção de água. Os valores médios do MOR na direção paralela do strand e do MOE foram próximos aos requisitos mínimos estabelecidos pela EN300: 2006 - classe OSB/1. Para os painéis avaliados após o ensaio de envelhecimento acelerado de 100 ciclos de imersão e secagem, foi observado que o desempenho mecânico dos painéis carbonatados foi significativamente superior aos não carbonatados. Portanto, pode-se concluir que os painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual produzidos com strands de eucalipto e pinus no teor de massa de 45% e curados com carbonatação acelerada apresentaram potencial como um novo material, visto que as propriedades físicas e mecânicas atendem ao estabelecido pela norma EN300:2006 para painel cimento-madeira convencional. / This project aims the development, production and characterization of OSB-cement-residual-wood particleboards using the wood species of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) and pine (Pinus spp.) with a density of 1250 kg/m³, as well as to evaluate the accelerated carbonation effects on the particleboard\'s properties. This project was conducted into four steps. In the step 1 (Tratamentos nos strands de eucalipto e pinus) it was realized the strands production and characterization. In this step, the study of the strands (eucalyptus and pine) on the Portland cement hydration at 28 days age was also investigated. The results shown that the strands without treatment perform better than those treated. In the step 2 (Determinação do teor ótimo de strands de madeira para painéis OSB cimento-madeira residual) a physical, mechanical and microstructural properties evaluation was conducted on the OSB-cement-residual-wood particleboards with strand contents of 25%, 30% and 35% (by weight) produced with the conventional cement-wood production method. The OSB-cement-residual-wood with all strand contents shown physical and mechanical (MOR and MOE) properties close to those recommend by ISO 8335. In the step 3 (Painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual otimizados) production parameters were adjusted (strand contents, water content, mixture procedure and pressure) and the particleboards with 35% and 45% of strands thermal, physical and mechanical properties were assessed. The results of this step shown that after once adjusted the non-evaporable water (Wn) in the production, the apparent density values were close to those proposed in the production methods. The particleboards with a strand content of 45% shown an increase of approximately 31% in the parallel MOR and 93% in the MOE perpendicular to the strand compared to those particleboards made with 35%s strand content. It was also found that the pressure used to produce the particleboards (eucalyptus and pine) was effective once it was not evidenced the spring effect. In the step 4 (Cura com carbonatação acelerada em painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual) the OSB-cement-residual wood with 45% of strands were subjected to accelerated carbonation cure for 12 h and the materials were evaluated. It was found a reduction in thickness welling and water absorption for the carbonated particleboard. The mean values of MOR in the parallel direction of the strand and the MOE were close to the minimum requirements established by the EN300: 2006 - OSB/1 class. For the particleboards evaluated after the accelerated aging test of 100 wetting and drying cycles, it was found that the mechanical performance of the carbonated particleboards was significantly higher than those non-carbonated. Therefore, it can be concluded that the OSB-cement-residual-wood particleboards produced with eucalyptus with 45% of strand and cured by accelerated carbonation presented potential as a new material, since the physical and mechanical properties meet the EN300: 2006 standard requirements for conventional cement-wood panel.

Here we developed multiple genetic systems through which genetic modifications driven by DNA breaks caused by the I-SceI nuclease can be assayed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in human cells. Using the delitto perfetto approach for site-directed mutagenesis in yeast, we generated isogenic strains in which we could directly compare the recombination potential of different I-SceI variants. By genetic engineering procedures, we generated constructs in human cells for testing the recombination activity of the same I-SceI variants. Both in yeast and human cells we performed gene correction experiments using oligonucleotides (oligos) following modification and/or optimization of existing gene targeting protocols and development of new ones. We demonstrated that an I-SceI nicking enzyme can stimulate recombination on the chromosome in S. cerevisiae at multiple genomic loci. We also demonstrated in yeast that an I-SceI-driven nick can activate recombination 10 kb distant from the initial site of the chromosomal lesion. Moreover we demonstrated that an I-SceI nick can stimulate recombination at the site of the nick at episomal and chromosomal loci in human cells. We showed that an I-SceI double-strand break (DSB) could trigger recombination up to 2 kb distant from the break at an episomal target locus in human cells, though the same was not observed for the nick. Overall, we demonstrated the capacity for I-SceI nick-induced recombination in yeast and human cells. Importantly, our findings reveal that the nick stimulates gene correction by oligos differently from a DSB lesion, as determined by genetic and molecular analyses in yeast and human cells. This research illustrates the promise of targeted gene correction following generation of a nick.

Today, there are many urban planning ideals that in different ways claim to create the sustainable and active city. But it is equally important to examine the city districts that have been built, in order to learn from them. The case study area Gävle Strand is a relatively newly built area out on Alderholmen, a problem at Gävle Strand is that there is no rich public life around the clock. This constitutes the study's research question, What conditions does Gävle Strand have for a rich urban life and what shortcomings exist today? To find these shortcomings and conditions, the study applies the computer program QGIS to calculate various indicators for the urban space; buildings, private outdoor environments, public space and street space. The method is based on a report "Mäta stad" by the company spacescape, in the report there are recommendations on the urban space and it’s indicators. The calculations show for example; land use, mix of functions, proximity to public places, integration with other city districts and the value of public places. The result showed that several of the indicators within each part of the urban space were deviant. Conclusions of calculations of Gävle Strands urban space show the following conditions for urban life; a good mix of public place values, street space intersection density and variety of trafic spaces, and enough public space for residents. There were in the urban space all the more shortcomings for urban life in; density, mix of functions, lack of large square and park areas and green areas within the district and the relationship between private and public outdoor environments / Idag finns det många planeringsideal som på olika sätt säger sig skapa den hållbara och aktiva staden. Men lika viktigt är det att granska de stadsdelar som har byggts, för att kunna lära sig av dem. Fallstudieområdet Gävle Strand är ett relativt nybyggt område ute på Alderholmen, ett problem vid Gävle Strand är att det inte finns ett rikt folkliv dygnet runt. Detta utgör studiens forskningsfråga Vilka förutsättningar har Gävle Strand för ett rikt stadsliv och vilka brister finns idag? För att hitta dessa brister och förutsättningar tillämpar studien datorprogrammet QGIS för att beräkna olika indikatorer för stadsrummet; bebyggelse, privata utemiljöer, offentlig plats samt gaturummet. Metoden baseras på en rapport ”Mäta stad” av företaget Spacescape, i rapporten finns det rekommendationer på stadsrummet och indikatorerna. Beräkningarna visar till exempel; markanvändning, funktionsblandning, närhet till offentliga platser, integration till andra stadsdelar och offentliga platsers värde. Resultatet visade att flera av indikatorerna inom varje del av stadsrummet var avvikande. Slutsatser av beräkningar av Gävle Strands stadsrum visar följande förutsättningar för stadsliv; en bra blandning av värden på offentliga platser, gaturummets korsningstäthet och olika trafikrum samt tillräckligt med offentlig plats för invånarna. Det fanns i stadsrummet desto mer brister för stadsliv; täthet, funktionsblandning, avsaknad av större torg- och parkytor samt grönområden innanför stadsdelen samt förhållandet mellan privata och offentliga utemiljöer.

The research is about African women living with HIV and women grieving the death of loved ones as a result of AIDS. We discuss the women's preferred care for the ill person and for the family as well as for the bereaved family. We consider together the effects of HIV/AIDS in the community: the stigma attached to the disease and the fears of people that they may contract HIV. The women and I acknowledge the closely woven relationships between faith and culture in a predominantly Xhosa community. Participatory action research is used and contextual feminist theology within a postmodern social construction approach to narrative pastoral therapy. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)

The research is about African women living with HIV and women grieving the death of loved ones as a result of AIDS. We discuss the women's preferred care for the ill person and for the family as well as for the bereaved family. We consider together the effects of HIV/AIDS in the community: the stigma attached to the disease and the fears of people that they may contract HIV. The women and I acknowledge the closely woven relationships between faith and culture in a predominantly Xhosa community. Participatory action research is used and contextual feminist theology within a postmodern social construction approach to narrative pastoral therapy. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)

La réparation des cassures double brin (CDB) de l'ADN par recombinaison est essentielle au maintien de l'intégrité du génome de tous les être vivants. Ce processus doit cependant être finement régulé puisque la recombinaison peut générer des mutations ou des réarrangements chromosomiques, parfois extrêmement délétères pour la cellule. Les CDB peuvent être réparées par deux mécanismes : la recombinaison non homologue (ou jonction des extrémités d'ADN) ou la recombinaison homologue (impliquant une homologie de séquence entre les molécules recombinantes). Dans les cellules somatiques, les deux voies principales de recombinaison homologue (RH) sont la voie Synthesis Dependent Strand Annealing (SDSA) dépendante de la recombinase RAD51 et la voie Single Strand Annealing (SSA) indépendante de RAD51. Nos résultats ont d'abord mis en évidence un rôle inattendu de XRCC2, RAD51B et RAD51D - trois paralogues de RAD51 - dans la voie SSA. Nous avons confirmé que la fonction de la protéine XRCC2 dans la voie SSA ne dépend pas de RAD51, ce qui démontre que certains paralogues de RAD51 ont acquis des fonctions indépendantes de la recombinase. La différence de sévérité des phénotypes des mutants individuels ainsi que les analyses d'épistasie menées sur le double et le triple mutant suggèrent des fonctions individuelles de ces protéines au cours du SSA. Nous proposons qu'elles facilitent l'étape d'hybridation des deux séquences complémentaires situées de part et d'autre de la cassure, bien que ceci reste à confirmer par des études in vitro. L'étude des fonctions de l'hétérodimère XPF-ERCC1 - un complexe impliqué dans le clivage des extrémités d'ADN non homologues au cours des voies de RH - a révélé un rôle inhibiteur de ce complexe sur la voie SDSA. Cette action est dépendante de son activité endonucléasique et serait liée au clivage des longues extrémités 3' sortantes réalisant l'invasion d'un duplex d'ADN homologue, l'étape initiale de la voie SDSA. Notre étude a de plus confirmé que le rôle du complexe dépend de la longueur des extrémités non homologues chez Arabidopsis, comme chez les mammifères et la levure. Bien que le complexe XPF-ERCC1 soit essentiel au clivage des longues extrémités d'ADN non homologue, il n'est pas requis à l'élimination des courtes extrémités au cours de la RH. / The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) by recombination is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity of all living organisms. However, recombination must be finely regulated as it can generate mutations or chromosomal rearrangements, sometimes extremely deleterious to the cell. DSB can be repaired by two classes of recombination mechanism: non-homologous recombination (or DNA End Joining) or homologous recombination (implicating DNA sequence homology between the recombining molecules). In somatic cells, the two main pathways of homologous recombination (HR) are RAD51-dependent Synthesis Dependent Strand Annealing (SDSA) and RAD51-independent Single Strand Annealing (SSA). Our results have demonstrated an unexpected role of XRCC2, RAD51B and RAD51D - three RAD51 paralogues – in the SSA pathway. We confirmed that the function of XRCC2 in SSA does not depend upon RAD51, thus demonstrating that some RAD51 paralogues have acquired RAD51 recombinase-independent functions. The different severities of individual mutant phenotypes and epistasis analyses carried out on the double and triple mutants suggest individual functions of these proteins in SSA recombination. We propose that they facilitate hybridization of the two complementary sequences located on both sides of the break, although this remains to be confirmed by in vitro experiments. Study of the roles of XPF-ERCC1 - a complex involved in the cleavage of non-homologous DNA ends during HR - revealed an inhibitory role of this complex on the SDSA pathway. This is dependent on its endonuclease activity and is probably due to the cleavage of long 3' ends performing the homologous DNA duplex invasion, the initial step of the SDSA pathway. Our analyses also confirmed that the role of the complex depends on the length of the nonhomologous ends, as seen in mammals and yeasts. Although XPF-ERCC1 is essential for the cleavage of long nonhomologous DNA ends, it is not required for the elimination of short ends during HR.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Close, personal relationships with adults are seen to contribute positively to the development of young people. Whilst mentoring has been established in other parts of the world, it is a relatively new concept in South Africa. The purpose of this study is to establish guidelines for the development of youth mentoring programmes. The literature study deals with the human development of youth during adolescence. Those factors, both within the family as well as in the environment, that affect the development of young people, are discussed. The phases of the mentoring process is also described. The Hearts of Men mentoring programme is used as an example of a youth mentoring programme that is based in the community. An exploratory and descriptive study was undertaken in order to describe the development of youth during adolescence. An empirical study was undertaken based on the literature review. A sample comprised of 18 young people participating in the Hearts of Men mentoring programme in the Strand was involved in the study. With the help of the empirical study the perception of the young people with regard to the mentor and mentee roles was examined. The findings of the study reveal that the young people in the Hearts of Men programme have a positive experience of the mentoring process and have an understanding of the mentor and mentee roles. In order to establish youth mentoring programmes, organisations must possess the knowledge of and skills in the mentoring process and must have an understanding of the human development of young people as well as of theories relating to their development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Persoonlike verhoudings met volwasse persone word beskou as 'n positiewe bydraende faktor tot die ontwikkeling van jongmense. Terwyl mentorprogramme redelik gevestig is in ander dele van die wêreld, is dit 'n relatiewe nuwe konsep in Suid Afrika. Die doel van hierdie studie is om riglyne daar te stel vir die ontwikkeling van jeug mentorprogramme. Die literatuurstudie het gehandel oor die menslike ontwikkeling van jongmense gedurende adolessensie. Faktore binne die gesin, sowel as die omgewing, wat 'n invloed het op die ontwikkeling van die adolessent is bespreek. Die fases van die mentorproses is ook beskryf. Die Hearts of Men program is gebruik as 'n voorbeeld van 'n gemeenskapsgebaseerde jeug mentorprogram. 'n Verkennende-beskrywende studie is onderneem om die ontwikkeling van die adolessent gedurende adolessensie te beskryf. 'n Empiriese studie gegrond op die literatuurstudie is gedoen. 'n Steekproef, bestaande uit agtien jong deelnemers aan die Hearts of Men mentorprogram in die Strand, is by die ondersoek betrek. Met behulp van die empiriese ondersoek is die persepsies van die jong persone rakende die rol van die mentor en mentee in die mentorprogram ondersoek. Die bevindinge van die ondersoek toon dat die deelnemers aan die Hearts of Men mentorprogram 'n positiewe ervaring van die mentorproses ondervind, en dat hulle begrip toon ten opsigte van die rol van die mentor en mentee in die mentorprogram. Ten einde jeug mentorprogramme te implementeer, moet organisasies oor die kennis en vaardighede beskik rakende die mentorproses. Organisasies moet ook begrip toon rakende menslike ontwikkeling van jongmense, en kennis hê oor teorieë wat op hulle ontwikkeling betrekking het.