I will look at what impact big data have had on the managerial strategic decisions in the food and beverage industry. This in order to understand the complexity and theory of organizational strategic management, an effort to define the contemporary strategic theory into a holistic conceptual model is done through a literature review on organizational strategy. This literature explicitly proposes four distinctly different types of strategies that management need to consider in the organizational context. Namely, long-term strategy, internal business strategy, external corporate strategy, and competitive strategy. The study analyzed the food and beverage industry over a decade (2005-2014), where the three of the largest actors in the industry were selected, Nestlé S.A, PepsiCo Inc, and Unilever. The choice of method was content analysis, where three structured categorization matrixes were developed which each analyzed parts of the annual reports. The study propose the role of big data as a strategic tool for managerial decision from a theoretical standpoint. The content analysis show that hypothesis 1, could be confirmed, big data have an impact on all the proposed four managerial strategic decisions. Second hypothesis could not be confirmed, since decentralization does only occur for one of the organizations, but increased external environment turbulence could be concluded for the industry in general. The third hypothesis could be confirmed, which show that there is an increase in individualization due to increased customer involvement and demand. The analysis discovered three distinct time periods during the last decade, namely pre- economic instability period (2005-2007), economic instability period (2008-2011) and finally the post-paradigm period (2012-2014). Where the year 2011 was the most turbulent in terms of economy and technology for the industry. The study clearly show that customers are now involved in the production process, customers are co-creators of the products. There is now a two-way communication and increased social responsibility awareness. This study shows that the old traditional approach of looking at markets in order to position yourself to stay competitive are obsolete as this study predicted. customers demand to be a part of the organizational culture. This conclude that big data is an important tool for all strategic managerial decisions.

Even though power and influence of children on family buying behavior is growing little is known about their involvement. Previous studies of family and household consumption often neglect the role of children in decision-making, but nowadays, children are becoming one of the most powerful influencers in family buying behavior. They dominate family buying decision and can influence their parents in many product categories from cars till regular grocery shopping and therefore the question arises, what influences children when requesting products and what strategies they use to make their parents yield to their requests. Thus, this research paper tries to explain how are influence strategies that children use and family complexity related to parents buying behavior of groceries. The primary data have been collected through an electronic questionnaire, which resulted in sample of 164 parents respondents from around the globe. The data were analyzed by using various statistical tools and concluded that (1) aggressive, persuasion, rational and knowledge strategies are positively affecting parents buying behavior, (2) non-traditional family structure has positive impact on buying behavior, (3) older children have more influence power over parents buying behavior and (4) number of children has no significant influence on parents buying behavior.

Abstract The primary research target of this dissertation is to develop new strategy analysis frameworks, focusing on analysing changes in strategic position as a function of variations in life cycle s-curve/time/typology/market share/orientation. Research is constructive and qualitative by nature, with case study methodology being the adopted approach. The research work is carried out as a compilation dissertation containing four (4) journal articles. The theoretical framework of this dissertation is built from strategy analysis, as well as from strategy orientation and typology theories. Strategy analysis focuses to examining the strengths of business positioning; understanding the external and internal factors that influence a position or orientation. In strategy analysis, several frameworks or tools can be used. The SWOT, PEST, Five Forces, Four Corners, Value Chain, and Blue Ocean strategy profile analysis frameworks are introduced in this research. Strategy orientation or focus can be described as the underlying attributes of a company’s strategy, which directs decision making and orients the activities within a company towards a specific course. Using strategy orientation or focus as a means of innovating and guiding decision making fosters an environment conducive to strategizing, thereby facilitating the formulation of the actual strategies followed by the company. In this dissertation, the Miles and Snow (1978) strategy typology is introduced along with market orientation, product orientation, technology orientation, and customer orientation (focus). This research contributes to existing literature in that it provides a set of strategy analysis frameworks. Each of the frameworks answers a specific research question within the research target. The frameworks created are life cycle with a strategy typology framework, four-way strategy orientation framework, strategy orientation framework with market share analysis, and orientation with a typology framework. All these frameworks can be used individually. Together, they build an analysis toolbox that can generate valuable information from analysis. The developed strategy analysis frameworks are tested with two case companies’ strategy materials taken from publicly available annual reports. The case companies are Nokia and Amer. Empirical results show that the developed strategy analysis frameworks can generate new information regarding case businesses strategy, and detect changes in strategic positions. The theoretical implications of this dissertation contribute to research on strategy analysis, and are a result of combining the perspectives adopted in the strategy analysis frameworks with those of the strategy orientation domain, thereby creating new strategy orientation analysis frameworks. Areas for further research include the linkage of business success to orientations, transformation strategies, and consumer focus as elements of strategy formulation. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kehittää uusia strategian analyysikehikoita, joitten tavoitteena on tutkia muutoksia strategisessa asemassa. Muutosten lähteenä voivat olla vaihtelut elinkaaren/ajan/typologian/markkinaosuuden tai orientaation suhteen. Tutkimus on konstruktiivista ja laadullista, käyttäen case-tapaus menetelmää. Tutkimus on toteutettu julkaisuväitöskirjana, sisältäen neljä (4) tieteellistä julkaisua. Tämän tutkimuksen teoriaosuus on rakennettu strategia-analyysin, strategisen suuntautumisen ja typologian teorioista. Strategia-analyysissa tutkitaan yrityksen strategisen aseman vahvuutta, pyrkien ymmärtämään ulkoisten ja sisäisten tekijöiden vaikutuksen asemaan tai strategian suuntautumiseen. Strategia-analyysissa voidaan käyttää useita analyysikehikoita tai työkaluja. Tämän tutkimuksen teoriaosuudessa esitellään SWOT, PEST, Five Forces, Four Corners, arvoketju ja sinisen meren strategian analyysikehikot. Strategiseksi suuntaumiseksi tai keskittymiseksi voidaan luonnehtia niitä strategian piileviäkin ominaisuuksia, jotka tosiasiassa ohjaavat päätöksentekoa ja suuntavat yrityksen toimintoja kohti tiettyä päämäärää. Strateginen suuntautuminen tai keskittyminen ohjaa yrityksen todellisen strategisen suunnan määrittämistä. Tutkimuksen teoriaosuudessa esitellään Miles ja Snown (1978) strategiatypologia, kuten myös markkinasuuntautunut, tuotesuuntautunut, teknologiasuuntautunut ja asiakaskeskeisen strategian tunnuspiirteet. Tämän tutkimuksen tuloksena on syntynyt kokoelma strategian analyysikehikoita. Jokainen rakennettu analyysikehikko vastaa erilliseen tutkimuskysymykseen tutkimustavoitteen sisällä. Rakennetut kehikot ovat elinkaarimallin ja strategia typologia -analyysikehikko, neljän-suunnan strategisen suuntautumisen analyysikehikko, strategisen suuntaumisen ja markkinaosuuden analyysikehikko sekä strategisen suuntautumisen ja typologian analyysikehikko. Kaikkia näitä kehikoita voidaan käyttää erikseen strategian analysointiin. Yhdessä nämä kehikot muodostavat arvokkaan analyysityökalupakin. Kehitettyjä strategian analyysikehikkoja on testattu kahden case yrityksen strategia-aineistolla, jotka ovat olleet saatavilla julkisista vuosikertomuslähteistä. Case yrityksinä ovat Nokia ja Amer. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että kehitetyt analyysikehikot pystyvät tuottamaan uutta tietoa case yritysten strategiasta ja havainnoimaan muutoksia strategisessa asemassa. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset luovat uutta tietoa strategisesta analyysista. Tutkimus yhdistää strategia-analyysin ja strategisen orientaation tutkimusta, ja luo uusia strategisen suuntautumisen analyysikehikoita. Jatkotutkimuskohteina voivat olla niin yrityksen liiketaloudellisen menestyksen suhde strategiseen orientaatioon, muutosstrategiat sekä asiakaskeskeisyys osana strategian muodostamista.

The purpose of this thesis is to study how international Swedish plastics manufacturing companies have responded to covid-19 in terms of changes regarding corporate and business unit strategy and global sourcing. As research type a case study consisting of three case companies was applied. Mainly qualitative data using interviews were collected. The conclusions are that a regionalisation of the location of business units of a corporate group and a regionalisation of corporate strategies may take place and that covid-19 may enhance the process of regionalisation of sourcing of the case companies, which may lead to somewhat safer deliveries from suppliers, but higher prices for the case companies. It is suggested that in times of crisis, two types of SWOT-analyses should be made. One SWOT-analysis should cover strategic issues and thus be part of a strategy formulation process and lead to contingency strategies. The second SWOT-analysis should cover global sourcing issues and lead to contingency plan from a sourcing perspective. / Syftet med uppsatsen var att studera hur internationella svenska företag inom plastbranschen har svarat på covid-19, vad gäller förändring i företags- och affärsenhetsstrategi och globala inköp. Som forskningstyp valdes en fallstudie med tre fallföretag. Huvudsakligen kvalitativa data samlades in, genom intervjuer. Slutsatserna är att regionalisering avseende lokalisering av en koncerns affärsenheter och regionalisering av företagsstrategier kan ske och att covid-19 kan förstärka processen med regionalisering av fallföretagens inköp, vilket kan leda till något säkrare leveranser från leverantörer, men högre priser för fallföretagen. Det föreslås att det i kristider bör upprättas två typer av SWOT-analyser. En SWOT-analys bör avse strategiska frågor och vara del av strategiformuleringsprocess och leda till eventualitetsstrategier. Den andra SWOT-analysen bör avse globala inköpsfrågor och leda till en eventualitetsplan utifrån ett inköpsperspektiv.

No description available.

Business strategy in itself is a well-known concept in today’s academic literature and extensive research on strategy formulation can easily be found. Strategy implementation on the other hand has not been researched to the same extent. This seems to be contradictory when one takes into consideration that effective and efficient strategy implementation has been proven to have an incredibly large impact on the success of any firm, company or organisation. Furthermore, no strategy will be beneficial for a company if it cannot be implemented. Adding to the complexity of this situation, middle management has long been disregarded concerning the strategy process or even thought to be detrimental. However, in recent years there has been a shift and research has started to recognise the importance of middle managers. The thesis aims to provide a deeper understanding of how middle management actively operates when implementing strategy. By doing so the thesis may be of value for middle managers and companies working with strategy, by increasing awareness about middle management’s influence on the strategy implementation process.  This thesis is partially exploratory and partially descriptive with a qualitative and deductive nature. In order to answer the purpose, a research strategy of case studies was used where empirical data was collected from interviews held with six different middle managers.  An implementation process model that described the different phases of strategy execution and supporting activities surrounding implementation was created. The developed implementation framework had its foundation in previous research concerning strategy implementation from an organisational perspective. The data that was collected from the middle managers was then analysed and compared to the model. By modifying the implementation process model using the information received from the middle managers a verified implementation process model was created which takes into account the middle management perspective.   The most important findings suggest that middle managers are important for the implementation process. An implementation process model from a middle management perspective has been developed which presents the phases of execution and what impact middle managers have during the course of the implementation. The findings further suggest that middle management can increase the successfulness of a strategy if allowed influence from start to finish. / Strategier i sig självt är ett välkänt område i dagens akademiska litteratur och man kan enkelt hitta utförlig forskning om strategi formulering. Implementeringen av strategier är däremot inte ett lika populärt forskningsområde. Detta är något motsägelsefullt när man tar hänsyn till att en effektiv implementering av strategi har visat sig ha en väldigt stor påverkan på företags framgång. Dessutom kan ingen strategi vara fördelaktig för ett företag om strategin ej kan implementeras. För att öka komplexiteten av detta har mellanchefer länge blivit förbisedda eller till och med ansetts vara skadliga för strategi processen. Dock håller detta på att ändras och mellanchefer börjar mer och mer anses som viktiga. Denna uppsats försöker skapa en djupare förståelse för hur mellanchefer aktivt arbetar när implementering av strategier sker. Genom detta kan uppsatsen vara av värde för mellanchefer och företag som arbetar med strategier genom att bidra med en ökad medvetenhet om mellanchefers påverkan på implementeringsprocessen.  Uppsatsen var delvis explorativ och delvis deskriptiv med ett kvalitativ och deduktiv tillvägagångssätt. Fallstudier användes där data samlades in via intervjuer med sex olika mellanchefer.  En modell som beskriver implementeringsprocessens olika faser och stödjande faktor skapades. Modellen var baserad på tidigare forskning om implementering av strategier från ett företagsperspektiv. Data som samlades in från mellancheferna var sedan analyserad och jämnförd med modellen. Genom att anpassa modellen med informationen från mellancheferna en verifierad implementeringsprocess utifrån ett mellanchefsperspektiv skapades.  Det viktigaste resultatet antyder att mellanchefer är viktiga för implementering av strategier. Implementeringsmodellen ur ett mellanchefsperspektiv presenterar faser av utförandet av strategi och effekten mellanchefer har under implementeringsprocessen. Resultaten antyder även att mellanchefer kan öka strategiers sannolikhet för framgång om de har möjlighet att bidra från stat till slut.

This research aims to discuss the influences of strategy choices on the management control systems. There is no absolute definition, range and classification of management control system which mainly includes management accounting and other controls. Moreover, management strategy is produced by the business after a series of evaluation and analysis of the internal and external environment. It is the business choice while proceeding resource operation and distribution and also the guidelines of business management activities. Management strategy makes the business achieve the goals, create competitive advantages and get more markets and chances in the intensely competitive environment. This research is explorative and uses business strategy as the variable and chooses the synthetic resin industry as the interview object. With Porter¡¦s general business strategy as the strategy classification standard, we differentiate the interviewed businesses into variation strategy and low-cost strategy and interview the outstanding persons separately. This research analyzes and induces the interview results as the following, 1. The group of cost-leading strategy emphasizes standards and is partial to centralization. In the application of management control system, they emphasize formal control and traditional cost control. However, the variation strategy emphasizes conformability and effective business strategy control. 2. The management control system of variation strategy company is partial to interactive control system and the management control system of low-cost strategy company prefers the diagnostic control system. 3. The degree of budget participation in variation strategy company is higher and it is lower in low-cost strategy company. 4. The degree of formalization in variation strategy company is higher and it is lower in low-cost strategy company. 5. The degree of participation and communication of interactive control system in variation strategy company is higher, and it is lower in low-cost strategy company. 6. Complete management control system helps the strategy performance.

This study aims to investigate the effects of the &ldquo / PLEASE&rdquo / (a general paragraph writing strategy ) writing strategy instruction through the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model on descriptive writing of fifth grade English language learners studying in a private primary school in Istanbul. The current study specifically focuses on if instruction on pre-writing planning through the SRSD model results in improvements in students&rsquo / written products, planning behaviors and self-beliefs as writers. For the study, eight fifth grade students participated in a writing club activity offered by the researcher at school. They were taught strategies for planning and drafting descriptive paragraphs, and the procedures for regulating the use of these strategies and the writing process itself. The data collection tools included comparison of students&rsquo / final pieces of writing in terms of overall quality and length, retrospective verbal protocols, individual interviews, and questionnaires all of which were conducted both at the pre-intervention and the post-intervention phases. As a result, the pre-test and the post-test writing scores indicated that each student experienced improvement in terms of overall quality and length of the written products. The strategy training helped students become more aware of the need for pre-writing planning and they started to engage in planning prior to writing in real practice. After the treatment, the students also experienced increased self-confidence.

本研究採用個案研究法以主機板產業的公司–技嘉科技作為個案公司，再廣泛蒐集次級資料及深度訪談個案公司高階主管。接著，使用PEST、五力分析、價值鏈分析和SWOT分析層層由外部到內部來找出轉型策略的方向。 研究建議認為技嘉單單靠主機板為主要獲利來源是相當危險的。物聯網的成長是目前科技產業相互爭食的大餅，根據技嘉的核心能力和價值鏈的綜效，投入工業電腦是可行的方向。 個案公司為主機板的龍頭公司，且現今大多高科技公司面對後PC時代，有將掀起另一波群雄割據，要如何積極轉型，可作為其他相關產業工作為參考。

Darbo objektas: Strategijos formavimas Kauno turizmo organizacijose. Darbo tikslas: Nustatyti strategijos formavimo ypatumus Kauno turizmo organizacijose. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Apibrėžti strategijos sampratą ir reikšmę organizacijose veiklos efektyvumui. 2. Išskirti strateginėms mokykloms būdingus strategijos kūrimo ir įgyvendinimo procesus. 3. Išskirti strategijos formavimą organizacijose nulemiančius veiksnius atskleidžiant svarbiausius turizmo organizacijoms. 4. Sukurti turizmo organizacijų strategijos formavimo modelį. 5. Išskirti strategijos formavimo ypatumus Kauno kelionių agentūrose. Rezultatai: 1. Strategija – tai apgalvota ir ilgalaikė organizacijos plėtros kryptis bei apibrėžtam laikotarpiui veiklos veiksmų sistema, kuri sudaro galimybes organizacijai įgyvendinti jos tikslus ir yra pagrįsta remiantis jos veiklos sritimis ir formomis, vidiniais ištekliais bei pozicija išorinėje aplinkoje. Turizmo strategija turi būti formuojama atsižvelgiant į valstybinę ir regioninę turizmo strategiją. Taip pat labai svarbu pasirinkti konkrečiai įmonei tinkančią strategiją. 2. Strateginių mokyklų pasirinkimas ir strategijos kūrimas priklauso nuo: aplinkos pokyčių, konkurencingumo, vadovo asmeninės patirties, organizacijos potencialo, organizacijos dydžio, nuo organizacijos kultūros, valdžios ir politinės jėgos. Strategijos kūrimo ir įgyvendinimo procesai gali būti įvairūs, griežtai struktūrizuoti arba pasirenkami iš daugelio alternatyvų. 3. Kuriant turizmo įmonės strategiją ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the study is: strategy formation in Kaunas tourism organizations. The aim of the study: to ascertain specific peculiarities of strategy formation in Kaunas tourism organizations. The tasks of the study: 1. To determine strategy conception and significance for the efficiency of the enterprise activity. 2. To except characteristic strategy creation and realization processes for strategy schools. 3. To except factors determining enterprises strategy formation and except the most important for the tourism enterprises. 4. To prepare tourism enterprise strategy model. 5. To sort out what determines strategy formation specific features in travel agencies. Results: 1. Strategy is deliberate and long lasting development direction of the organization, which creates possibilities for the organization to realize its aims and is based referring to its activity spheres and forms, internal resources and position in external environment. Tourism strategy must be formed taking into consideration state and regional tourism strategy. Furthermore it is very important to choose suitable strategy for the concrete enterprise. 2. The choice of strategy schools and strategy formation depends on the environmental changes, competition, individual experience of the leader, potential of the organization, organization culture and size, government and political power. Creation of strategy and realization processes can be various, strictly structurized or chosen from a lot of alternatives... [to full text]