El actual estudio tiene como propósito principal describir la reducción de las importaciones de resinas sintéticas y su impacto en los costos de producción de stretch film para el packaging del sector alimenticio en Lima Metropolitana año 2020, para ello; se estudiaron las variables de disminución de importaciones, costos de producción de stretch film y su impacto en la industria del packaging del sector alimenticio a través de dimensiones como: tiempo de importación, escasez de resinas sintéticas, costos de producción, costo unitario, ventas y precio de venta fijado. El contenido del estudio consta de cinco capítulos; El marco teórico del primer capítulo, expone las teorías científicas y las bases legales que sustentan la investigación. El segundo capítulo incluye el plan de investigación, conformado por el planteamiento del problema en el contexto de la pandemia por el COVID 19, los objetivos generales, los objetivos específicos, los supuestos específicos y los supuestos generales de la tesis. El capítulo III presenta en detalle la metodología de la investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa. El capítulo IV, presenta el análisis de los resultados cualitativos y cuantitativos y, se comprueba la hipótesis general acerca de la reducción en importación de resinas sintéticas para la fabricación del stretch film durante el 2020 y su impacto negativo en los costos de producción según la información suministrada en los instrumentos de recolección de datos, para el packaging del sector alimenticio en Lima Metropolitana. Finalmente, en el capítulo V, se analizan las conclusiones y recomendaciones de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos de forma coherente con los objetivos propuestos, destacando la pertinencia del estudio y su impactó en el sector industrial. / The main purpose of this study is to describe the reduction in imports of synthetic resins and their impact on the production costs of stretch film for packaging in the food sector in Metropolitan Lima in 2020, for this; The variables of decrease in imports, production costs of stretch film and its impact on the packaging industry of the food sector were studied through dimensions such as: import time, shortage of synthetic resins, production costs, unit cost, sales and fixed selling price. The content of the study consists of five chapters; The theoretical framework of the first chapter exposes the scientific theories and the legal bases that support the investigation. The second chapter includes the research plan, made up of the problem statement in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic, the general objectives, the specific objectives, the specific assumptions and the general assumptions of the thesis. Chapter III presents in detail the methodology of qualitative and quantitative research. Chapter IV presents the analysis of the qualitative and quantitative results and the general hypothesis about the reduction in the import of synthetic resins for the manufacture of stretch film during 2020 and its negative impact on production costs according to the information provided in the data collection instruments, for the packaging of the food sector in Metropolitan Lima. Finally, in chapter V, the conclusions and recommendations are analyzed according to the results obtained in a manner consistent with the proposed objectives, highlighting the relevance of the study and its impact on the industrial sector. / Tesis

Denna rapport behandlar passform och gradering av åtsittande träningstights i stretchmaterial.Det finns lite forskning på detta område och genom ett samarbete med ett företag, somtillverkar träningskläder, har det konstaterats att det är svårt att få till duglig passform i allastorlekar på åtsittande tights. Problemet är att plagget ofta upplevs för stort. Syftet med arbetetär att undersöka hur passformen kan förbättras och bli lika god i alla storlekar och i olikamaterial. Rapporten presenterar ett sätt att omvandla grundstorlek och gradera utifrånmaterialets maximala stretch kapacitet, med hänsyn till kroppsmått. Provplagg sys upp utifrånden nämnda graderingsmetoden och provas av på tre personer med storlek S och tre personermed storlek XL. Dessa plagg jämförs med företagets plagg och det konstateras, utifrånprovpersonernas kommentarer, att passformen och upplevelse av plagget, med denomvandlade måttlistan, har blivit bättre. En formel för omvandling av kroppsmått tas fram.Denna används för att ta fram plaggmåttlistor med material i olika procent stretch, därstretchen är mellan 100-210%. Dessa analyseras och resultatet blir plaggmåttlistor igrundstorlek samt skillnadsmåttlistor som grupperats efter materialets stretch och som kananvändas som bas i produktutveckling utav träningstights. / Denna rapport behandlar passform och gradering av åtsittande träningstights i stretchmaterial. Det finns lite forskning på detta område och genom ett samarbete med ett företag, som tillverkar träningskläder, har det konstaterats att det är svårt att få till duglig passform i allastorlekar på åtsittande tights. Problemet är att plagget ofta upplevs för stort. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur passformen kan förbättras och bli lika god i alla storlekar och i olika material. Rapporten presenterar ett sätt att omvandla grundstorlek och gradera utifrån materialets maximala stretch kapacitet, med hänsyn till kroppsmått. Provplagg sys upp utifrån den nämnda graderingsmetoden och provas av på tre personer med storlek S och tre personer med storlek XL. Dessa plagg jämförs med företagets plagg och det konstateras, utifrån provpersonernas kommentarer, att passformen och upplevelse av plagget, med den omvandlade måttlistan, har blivit bättre. En formel för omvandling av kroppsmått tas fram. Denna används för att ta fram plaggmåttlistor med material i olika procent stretch, där stretchen är mellan 100-210%. Dessa analyseras och resultatet blir plaggmåttlistor i grundstorlek samt skillnadsmåttlistor som grupperats efter materialets stretch och som kan användas som bas i produktutveckling utav träningstights.

Dans le Sud-Ouest de l’État du Rio Grande do Sul, la Pampa brésilienne comprend des taches de sable (areal) enclavées dans le paysage.Elles sont en lien avec des dépôts éoliens stabilisés et/ou instables, hérités d’un climat plus sec que l’actuel et constituent des indicateurs importants pour la compréhension de ce paysage. L’objectif de la thèse est d’identifier la dynamique de l’érosion à partir des traits géomorphologiques principaux du milieu (forme, matériaux superficiels). Les procédures méthodologiques comprennent des travaux de terrain et en laboratoire. Les prospections de terrain ont conduit à la cartographie et permis également de déterminer des points pour le prélèvement des échantillons de sédiments en vue des analyses granulométriques, morphoscopiques et de la datation des matériaux par la méthode de LOS - Protocole SAR. Au plan sédimentologique, les matériaux sont composés notamment par des sables quartzeux, de classe modale Sable Fin. Les caractéristiques morphologiques et optiques des grains de sable renseignent sur la compétence éolienne et sur le transport. La distribution des traits géomorphologiques, associée aux unités de relief, indique que les dépôts éoliens ont lieu substantiellement sur les sommets des collines, suivis par les vallées sèches. D’après l’occupation du sol on note une augmentation significative de la superficie destinée aux cultures annuelles au détriment de celle destinée aux prairies. La Pampa possède comme aptitude l’élevage, mais la conversion des pâturages en parcelles cultivées a intensifié la pression sur les ressources hydriques, la végétation herbacée et sur les sols sableux. / In southern Brazil exposes sand spots embedded in Brazilian Pampa landscape. Both stable and/or unstable wind deposits represent the inheritance of a drier climate than the current one and provide important paleoclimatic evidences for understanding this landscape. The objective of this thesis is to identify, associations between the current geomorphological features and the quaternary surface formations, as well as the erosive/depositional dynamics acting on these features, in the context of an area historically submitted to agricultural pressure. Methodological procedures included field, cabinet and laboratory work steps. Field observations led to the initial interpretations on the morphological evolution of stable and/or unstable eolian deposits, as well as to the survey of the four points of collection of sedimentary material, for both granulometric and morphological analyzes and for absolute dating, which was established by optically stimulated luminescence method (SAR protocol). The sediments are predominantly composed by quartz sands, of Fine sand modal class, varying to lesser fractions of Medium sand and Very fine sand. Both morphological and optical characteristics of the sediments clarify the eolic competence over the particles and their mobilization, demonstrating a certain degree of selection. The geomorphological features distribution associated to the relief units shows that the eolic deposits occur substantially on the tops of hills, followed by dry valleys. In relation to land uses, which was mapped between 1982 and 2016, there is a significant increase in the area devoted to crops, in detriment to the field one. The Pampas has livestock as its primary aptitude, but the conversion of land use, especially from pasture fields to crop, intensifies the pressure on water resources, on herbaceous vegetation and on sandy soils, which are particularly sensitive to erosion. / O Sul do Brasil expõe manchas de areia encravadas na paisagem do Pampa brasileiro. Os depósitos eólicos estáveis e/ou instáveis representam a herança de um clima mais seco do que o atual e fornecem evidências paleoclimáticas importantes para a compreensão dessa paisagem. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar associações entre as feições geomorfológicas atuais e as formações superficiais quaternárias, assim como as dinâmicas erosivas/deposicionais atuantes nessas feições, no contexto de uma área submetida historicamente à pressão agrícola. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram etapas de trabalho de campo, de gabinete e de laboratório. A observação de campo conduziu interpretações sobre a evolução morfológica dos depósitos eólicos e o levantamento dos quatro pontos de coletas de material sedimentar eólico, para análises granulométrica, morfoscópica e para a realização de datação absoluta pelo método LOE. Os sedimentos são compostos predominantemente por areias quartzosas, de classe modal Areia Fina. As características morfológicas e ópticas dos sedimentos esclarecem quanto à competência eólica sobre as partículas e sobre seu transporte, demostrando certo grau de selecionamento. A distribuição das feições geomorfológicas, associada às unidades de relevo mostra que os depósitos eólicos ocorrem substancialmente sobre os topos de colinas, seguido de vales secos. Os usos da terra, há um aumento significativo da superfície destinada à Lavoura, em detrimento à de Campo. O Pampa possui, como aptidão a pecuária, mas a conversão de uso em lavoura, intensifica a pressão sobre os recursos hídricos, vegetação herbácea e solos francamente arenosos, sensíveis à erosão.

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<p>Asthma is a disease characterized by transient airway smooth muscle contraction leading to episodes of reversible airway narrowing. It affects over 300 million people worldwide and is implicated in over 250 000 deaths annually. The primary clinical features of asthma include airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. Generally, asthmatic patients experience exacerbations between periods of diminished symptoms. Interestingly, in addition to these above mentioned hallmarks, asthmatics have also been shown to react differently to ventilatory mechanical strain. This is most evident when assessing the effect of a deep inspiration (DI), clinically measured as a breath taken from functional residual capacity to total lung capacity, in healthy individuals <em>versus</em> asthmatics. These deep inspiratory efforts have been shown to produce a bronchodilatory response in healthy individuals, whereas in asthmatics, DIs are less effective in producing bronchodilation, can cause more rapid airway re-narrowing, and even bronchoconstriction in moderate to severe asthmatics. The mechanism by which a DI is able to cause bronchoconstriction remains ambiguous. Previous theories suggest that this phenomenon is intrinsic to airway smooth muscle (ASM) itself. However, the airway inflammation present in asthmatic airways may also add to the increased ASM contractility following stretch, by the release of mediators that can prime the contractile apparatus to react excessively in the presence of stretch.</p> <p>Thus, collectively, the studies contained in this thesis are linked to the general theme of greater characterization of the signalling mechanisms that regulate airway stretch-activated contractions using a pharmacological approach in intact bovine bronchial segments, with the hope of providing novel insights into the mechanisms that regulate the DI-induced bronchoconstriction seen in asthmatics.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (Medical Science)

HINTERGRUND: Im Zustand der Herzinsuffizienz sind die Plasmaspiegel des atrialen natriuretischen Peptids (ANP) erhöht. ANP wird durch Herzmuskelzellen bei atrialer (und dadurch kardiomyozytärer) Dehnung freigesetzt. Eine Reihe von Plasmafaktoren, welche bei der Herzinsuffizienz aktiviert sind, bewirken ebenfalls eine ANP-Freisetzung durch die Interaktion mit G(alpha-q)-gekoppelten Rezeptoren und der daraus resultierenden Aktivierung der Proteinkinase C (PKC). Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, im Vergleich von normalen und insuffizienten Rattenherzen die dehnungsinduzierte ANP-Sekretion sowie die Rolle der PKC bei der basalen ANP-Freisetzung zu analysieren. METHODIK: Durch Anlegen eines infrarenalen aortokavalen Shunts (4 Wochen) wurde eine volumeninduzierte Herzinsuffizienz in Wistar Ratten erzeugt. Die ANP-Freisetzung wurde am isoliert, retrograd perfundierten Herzmodell analysiert. Durch Umstellen auf anterograde Perfusion (Perfusionsdruck: 10mmHg) wurde eine atriale De! hnung induziert. Die Aktivierung der PKC fand durch Zugabe von PMA (Phorbol-12-Myristat-13-Azetat) zum Perfusat im Vergleich zu Vehikel statt. Alle Versuchsreihen wurden mit Herzen von shunt- sowie scheinoperierten Tieren durchgeführt. ERGEBNISSE UND DISKUSSION: Nach Shuntoperation war die ANP-Basalfreisetzung deutlich gesteigert und könnte die erhöhten ANP-Plasmaspiegel bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz erklären. Dagegen wurde durch atriale Dehnung (als adäquaten Freisetzungsreiz am gesunden Herzen) keine weitere Steigerung der ANP-Freisetzung in der Shuntgruppe bewirkt. Die ANP-Freisetzung am insuffizienten Herzen ist im Vergleich zur normalen Herzfunktion somit verändert. Unter PKC-Stimulation sank die Freisetzung von ANP in der Shuntgruppe erheblich ab, wogegen es in der Kontrollgruppe zu keiner signifikanten Änderung der ANP-Sekretion kam. Damit wurde der Verdacht erhärtet, dass die Proteinkinase C in die abweichende Regulation der ANP-Freisetzung bei Herzinsuffizie! nz involviert ist. / BJECTIVE: Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are markedly increased in congestive heart failure. ANP has been shown to be released by cardiomyocytes during atrial (and thereby cardiomyocytical) stretch. Several factors that are activated in heart failure as well enhance ANP release through the interaction with G(alpha-q)-coupled receptors and the consequent activation of proteinkinase C (PKC). The goal of this study was to analyse stretch induced ANP secretion and to investigate the involvement of PKC in the regulation of ANP release in heart failure compared to normal hearts. METHODS: Volume overload induced heart failure was produced by an infrarenal aortocaval shunt (4 weeks) in Wistar rats. ANP release was analysed in an isolated retrogradly perfused heart preparation. Atrial stretch was induced by switching to anterograd perfusion (perfusion pressure: 10mmHg). For PKC activation PMA (phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate) was added to the perfusate and compar! ed to vehicle treatment. All experiments were performed with shunt and sham operated rats. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: After shunt operation ANP baseline release was considerably augmented and could thus explain elevated ANP plasma levels in heart failure patients. In contrast, atrial stretch as an adequate secretion stimulus in control hearts did not further enhance ANP release in hearts of shunt operated animals. The ANP secretion in heart failure therefore seems to differ from the ANP secretion in the healthy state. Stimulation of PKC markedly decreased ANP release in the shunt group, whereas it did not have any significant effect on ANP release in the control group. In conclusion, the role of the proteinkinase C in ANP release differs between normal and failing hearts and seems to be involved in the deviating regulation of ANP release in states of heart failure.

Photosäuren sind aromatische Alkohole, sogenannt aufgrund der Erhöhung ihrer Azidität, die aus der elektronischen Anregung folgt. Allerdings muss ein plausibles Verständnis der Prozesse, die zu der Erhöhung der Azidität führen noch etabliert werden. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Photophysik zweier Photosäuren, 1-Naphthol (1N) und 2-Naphthol (2N), untersucht. Mit Hilfe der Femtosekunden-UV-Anrege/IR-Abtast-Spektroskopie wird die OH-Streckschwingung sowohl im Grundzustand als auch im angeregten Zustand gemessen. Die intrinsische elektronische Ladungsverteilung, die aufgrund der Anregung in der Säure auftritt, in apolaren Lösungsmitteln untersucht. Der Vergleich mit Resultaten eines theoretischen Modells stellte einwandfrei fest, dass eine geringe Ladungsverteilung in der Photosäure auftritt. Die OH-Streckschwingung von wasserstoffverbrückten Komplexen zwischen 2N und Acetonitril wird gemessen. Obwohl experimentell gefunden wurde, dass der angeregte Zustand verglichen mit dem Grundzustand eine nahezu doppelt so große solvatochromatische Verschiebung zeigt, scheitern theoretische Modelle daran, diese Ergebnisse wiederzugeben. Die Ladungstransferreaktion im angeregten Zustand von 1N und 2N zu halogenierten Lösungsmitteln wird zur Abfrage der elektronischen Dichte am aromatischen Ring nach Anregung verwendet. Wurde ermittelt, dass verglichen mit dem unkomplexierten Molekül die Elektrontransferrate in einem wasserstoffverbrückten Komplex mit Acetonitril 10 mal höher ist. Auf diese Weise hat sich der Einfluss der Wasserstoffbrückenbindung auf das Ausmaß der Ladungsverteilung gezeigt. Mittels zeitaufgelöster Anisotropie, Fluoreszenz und IR-Messungen war es möglich festzustellen, dass die ultraschnelle ( / Photoacids are aromatic alcohols, characterized by a dramatic increase in acidity upon electronic excitation. A coherent view of the processes giving rise to this increase in acidity has yet to be established. To this effect, the photophysics of photoacids 1-naphthol (1N) and 2-naphthol (2N) are investigated. Using femtosecond UV pump-IR probe spectroscopy, the OH stretch vibration in both the ground and excited-state is measured. The intrinsic electronic charge redistribution in the acid upon excitation is investigated in non-polar solvents where specific interactions are absent. Comparison with results from a theoretical model based on the Pullin-van der Zwan-Hynes perturbative approach established that little charge redistribution occurs in the photoacid. The OH stretch vibration of hydrogen-bonded complexes of 2N with acetonitrile is measured. While it was found experimentally that the excited-state is characterized by a solvatochromic response that is almost twice as large as in the ground-state, the theoretical model failed to reproduce these results. Instead, the calculations predict no significant differences between the behaviour of the two states. The excited-state charge transfer reaction of 1N and 2N to halogenated solvents is used as a probe for the electronic density on the aromatic ring upon excitation. The charge transfer rate for the hydrogen-bonded complex with acetonitrile is found to be ten times higher than for the uncomplexed molecule. In this way, the influence of a hydrogen-bond on the extent of charge redistribution was evinced. Using time resolved anisotropy, fluorescence and IR measurements, it was determined that ultrafast (

企業的成長與規模擴大，能賦予企業許多優勢與利益，故一直是企業經營者關注的重點，也是策略與組織領域的學者所關注的議題。自從Penrose（1959）的企業內生成長理論提出多餘資源（尤其是管理資源）為企業成長的機制之後，後續的策略學者大多延續這樣的觀點，假設有多餘資源之後，才能進一步追求成長，並深入探討多餘資源的特性、成長策略的特性與成長率之間的關係。 然而，實務上卻發現擁有多餘資源未必能成長，而有些成功的企業反而是在資源不足之下而成長。Hamel and Prahalad（1993）即挑戰多餘資源的成長觀點，認為企業成長的動力其實是來自於經理人拉撐（stretch）其雄心與渴望水準，願意去追求既有資源與能力所無法達到的策略目標，透過善用資源而能在資源不足的情境下實踐成長，但其並未清楚說明拉撐的內涵與促進成長的機制。 本研究以Hamel and Prahalad（1993）所提出的拉撐概念為基礎，探討中小企業在資源有限、甚至不足的情境之下，如何透過拉撐其既有資源基礎，而能達成企業規模的成長。由於相關文獻不足，本研究採用Eisenhardt（1989）的探索性個案研究方法，以單一事業中小企業的規模成長現象為研究情境，總共研究了七個個案，發現了規模有所成長的中小企業所採行的拉撐式策略邏輯及形成拉撐情境的因素，從實務中歸納出五大類型拉撐資源的行動內涵，並發現了拉撐資源的行動為何能形成中小企業長期之下規模的成長。因此，本研究證實了拉撐的成長機制確實存在，Hamel and Prahalad（1993）所主張的拉撐邏輯，確實能夠促進中小企業的成長，有其獨特的成長邏輯。 中小企業為何經常處於拉撐的情境，主要因為資源不足、成長所造成的現象與長期採行拉撐式策略邏輯所致。而拉撐式策略邏輯為：追求較高的經營目標，因而使資源略顯不足，並在資源尚未完全到位時即著手進行，故必須透過拉撐、擠壓既有的資源基礎以彌補資源的缺口，克服困難而能掌握成長的機會，此外，為了避免風險，資源的投資採行精簡、小額與逐步的擴充，解決資源瓶頸而能使整體資源發揮更大的效用，並能穩健地擴充與成長。 本研究歸納出五大類型的拉撐資源行動，包括資源突破、資源重組、資源調度、資源提取與資源精簡，皆能擠壓既有的資源基礎而達到原先難以達成的目標，能增進生產績效並提昇企業的競爭力。資源突破與資源重組即為創業者的創新活動，前者針對資源本身進行創新突破；改善或增加系統中的關鍵因子，使整個系統的功能有所突破。資源重組即是將相同的人力與實體資源重新配置，改善流程或資源使用的方法，達到創新的效果並提昇生產的績效。資源調度是刻意發展資源的多功能性與通用性，能夠彈性地調度不同資源互相支援，以因應急需或降低產能的閒置。資源提取則是延長資源的使用時間，或使既有的人力資源願意與能夠提供更多、更好的服務。最後，資源精簡意指資源的投資盡量不足額，甚至延遲投資，以降低風險，並因而設法增加資源的使用效率。 為何拉撐資源的行動能使中小企業整體資源基礎得以擴充與成長？本研究發現主要是透過拉撐資源的短期與中長期效果綜合而達成。拉撐資源的短期效果為提昇既有資源的績效而能彌補資源的缺口，掌握成長的機會，因而帶來資金的挹注而能累積資本。拉撐資源的中長期效果即是短期效果的累積，包括不斷地掌握機會而持續創造出後續成長的踏腳石（亦即突破經營局面而帶來新的成長機會）；經常拉撐資源形成了獨特的、公司專屬的資源基礎與組織能力，能有效提昇公司的競爭力而增加經營的績效，進一步帶來資金的挹注；透過累積資本之後再謹慎地、精簡地擴充資源，增強資源基礎的內涵，企業內部的資源基礎因此逐步地擴充與成長。 / The growth and scale expansion of firms results in a lot of advantages and benefits for firms, therefore, it has been the focus of managerial attention and an important topic for scholars in fields of strategic management and organization theory. Most scholars follow Penrose (1959)’s internal growth theory of the firm to assume slack resources as the prerequisite of firm growth, and investigate the relationships among attributes of resources, growth strategies, and growth rates. In practice, however, firms with slack resources do not necessarily grow. Oppositely, there’re successful firms growing under resource shortage. Hamel and Prahalad (1993) had challenged the perspective of growing by slack resources and proposed that the real driver of firm growth comes from the stretching of managerial ambition and aspirations to pursue strategic goals beyond the firm’s existing resources and capabilities. Nonetheless, the authors didn’t explain clearly the contents and growth mechanisms of stretch. This study takes the view of stretch to investigate how small-and-medium-sized firms （thereafter SMEs） can achieve scale growth by stretching their limited or even infertile resource base. Due to the lack of related literature, this study adopts Eisenhardt (1989)’s explorative case study method, and choose the phenomenon of scale growth of the single-business SMEs as the research context. After investigating seven cases, this study finds the strategic discipline of stretch of SMEs, factors that result in condition of stretch, five categories of actions of resource stretching, and the relationship between resource stretching and long-term scale growth of SMEs. Hence, this study verifies that the concept of stretch proposed by Hamel and Prahalad (1993) do facilitate the scale growth of SMEs with its unique logic of growth. This study finds that SMEs are often in condition of stretch due to their insufficiencies of resources, the outcome of continued growth, and the results of running business by strategic discipline of stretch. The strategic discipline of stretch includes pursuing higher business goals by making existing resources slightly insufficient; proceeding without all resources needed so that SMEs have to stretch and squeeze the existing resource base to fill the resource gap and overcome difficulties so as to seize the opportunities for growth; and investing resources by small amount in a parsimonious way to solve the resource bottleneck so as to improve the effectiveness of the whole resource base and to make SMEs soundly expand and grow. Furthermore, this study concludes inductively with five categories of actions of resource stretching, including resource breakthrough, resource reconfiguration, resource mobilization, resource extraction, and resource parsimony, all of which can squeeze the existing resource base to achieve the unattainable goals and can improve productive performance and competitiveness of the SMEs. Resource breakthrough and resource reconfiguration are entrepreneurial activities of the entrepreneurs. The former is making innovative breakthrough to firm resources, and improving or adding critical elements in a system to make the function of the whole system upgraded. Resource reconfiguration is reconfiguring the same human and physical resources by improving the processes or methods of resource use so as to innovate and to improve productive performance. Resource mobilization is to develop the versatility and interchangeable use of resources deliberately so that all resources can be mobilized flexibly to support one another in order to response to emergent demands or to reduce the idle hours of all the resources. Resource extraction is to make longer use of resources, or to make employees willing and able to offer more and better services. Lastly, resource parsimony refers to make resource investments less than needed or even delayed, and by doing so, SMEs can reduce investment risks and are forced to raise the efficiency of their resource use. Why does resource stretching facilitate the expansion and growth of SMEs’ resource base (i.e. scale growth)? This study finds it is by the short-term and medium- and long-term effects of resource stretching. The former refers to the immediate outcomes of resource stretching, which fill the resource gap to help seize the opportunity of growth so as to obtain cash inflows for capital accumulation. The accumulation of short-term effects results in medium- and long-term effects of resource stretching, including continuously creating stepping stones for later growth by seizing opportunities; developing and accumulating distinctive and firm-specific resource base and organizational capabilities by constantly stretching resources so that SMEs improve their competitiveness and gain cash inflows; and prudently and parsimoniously expanding and enhancing resource base so that SMEs gradually expand and grow.