This thesis deals with the changes in the organizational structure of the IT department at Procter & Gamble over the past 9 years. During this time, the originally functionally and geographically scattered IT function, has been integrated into a centralized function and renamed to Information and Decision Solutions, to mark its shift in direction from a support function to a true strategic partner of the various PG businesses. This function was then further integrated in to the Global Business Service shared-service organization. The non-strategic services have been outsourced, mainly to Hewlett Packard, to allow GBS to focus on IT-driven innovation and bringing more value to the Company. To achieve this goal, GBS has undergone several changes in its structure, to emerge today as an organization with a "hypertext-bureaucracy" hybrid structure. This allows for a flexible, process-based approach, enabling to GBS address the biggest priorities as they arise. The changes have nevertheless brought about some difficulties, whose implications and ideas for mitigation are explored towards the end of this thesis.

In decades, the tremendous development of integrated circuits industry could be mostly attributed to SiO2, since its satisfactory properties as a gate dielectric candidate. The effectivity of SiO2 has been challenged since dielectric layer was scaled down below 3nm, when the gate leakage current of SiO2 became unacceptable. Institution to silicon-based CMOS techniques were proposed, but they have their own limitations. Nowadays, materials with high dielectric constants are mainstream gate dielectric materials in industry, but a SiO2 interfacial layer is still necessary to avoid gap between gate dielectric layer and Si substrate, and to minimize interface trap charges. In this thesis work, by applying lateral heating process on Si wafer with thermally grown ultrathin SiO2, the gate leakage current density could be reduced by 3-5 order of magnitude. MOS capacitors were fabricated, and electrical properties were tested with semiconductor parameter analyzer and LCR meter. The underlying mechanism of this appealing phenomenon was explored. Since unacceptable gate leakage current is one of the main reasons which prevent the scaling trend in semiconductor industry, this technology brings a possibility to post-pone the end of scaling trend, and pave a way for extensive application in industry. A new method for fabrication of MOS capacitors metal gate has been developed, and lift-off process has been replaced by wet etching process. This method provides better contact between dielectric layer and metal gate, meanwhile much easier operation.

轉折型時間序列在現實生活中常常可見，例如因戰爭、政策改變、罷工或自然界的條件劇變等，而使時間序列的走勢發生明顯的轉變。傳統上，對這種轉折型時間序列資料進行轉折點的偵測時，大部分均從事後的觀點，主觀上先行認定結構轉變發生的時點，而後再以檢定加以確認。但此種方法過於主觀，而且轉型並非一蹴可幾，若以單一的轉折點來解釋轉型的現象，似乎不太恰當。 　　有鑑於此，本文利用模糊轉折區間統計認定法，以事前的觀點，對具有平均數或變異數改變的轉折型時間序列進行轉折區間的認定。並以匯率及貿易餘額的實際例子，利用我們所提出的方法進行單變數及雙變數的模糊分類，進而求出個別及聯合的轉折區間。 / Structure-changing time series are often seen in daily life. For example, war, change of policy, labor strike, or change of natural phenomena result in obvious change of time series. Most of detection of change points for structure-changing time series take place afterwards. In this paper, we pre-sent a change periods detection method for trend time series using the concept of fuzzy logic. Empirical example about exchange rate and balance of international trade is illustrated with detailed analysis.

由於許多經濟指標的定義不明確，或是因為資料蒐集的時間不一，導致代表經濟景氣的數值，實際上即具有相當大的的不確定性。傳統的方法多不考慮這樣的模糊性,而傾向尋找一準確的模式轉折點。本文則以模糊數學的方法,運用模糊分類法以及模糊熵，訂定一個評判的準則。藉以找出一時間數列模式發生變化的轉折區間。最後以台灣經濟景氣指標為例，說明此方法可不需對資料的模式有任何事先的認知，即可得出與傳統方法相近，甚至更為合理的預測結果。 / Unlike conventional change points detecting, which seeks to find a decision boundary between classes for certain structural changed time series, the purpose of this research is to investigate a new approach about fuzzy change period identification. Based on the concept of fuzzy theory, we propose a procedure for the - level of fuzzy change period detecting and prove some useful properties for a fuzzy time series. We use some numerical examples to demonstrate how these procedures can be applied. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed detecting approach for structure change of fuzzy time series is available and practical in identifying the alpha-level of fuzzy change period.

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嘗試放棄傳統事件研究法 (event study)的固定系統 ，先針對股價的結構變化點作檢定，找出子區間的分到傳統的方法，根據系統風險改變的時點找出估計期窗口(-5, 5)中 AR、CAR 的變化情形，以測試資本市告之反應，並試圖找出其可能的影響因素。實證結果告對主併公司的股東財富雖然有正面影響(僅1.82﹪) ，但整個宣告窗口的累積效果似乎不大；而跨國購併之間的差異(國際效果)，除了購併宣告當日外顯然另外，水平型態的購併事件與產業的技術密集程度之宣告日後才顯現出來，至於支付方式對宣告效果所產國外的實證結果不符，而購併成功與否對主併公司之顯。