The purpose of this research is to discover the extent to which there is a typology of students’ health risk behaviors and to what extent are those typologies associated with academic achievement using the 2019 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) dataset. This is a secondary data analysis study using a national representative sample (n=11,410) of high school students, grades 9 to 12, in the United States. YRBS is a national school-based, paper-based 99-item survey used to assess 121 health-related behaviors among all high school students in the United States and is biennially conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2020). While research efforts on health and academic achievement is vastly growing, there is a limited number of studies that are analyzing multiple health-risk behaviors concurrently as well as exploring their potential impacts on educational outcomes. Furthermore, previous studies have utilized cluster and/ or factor analyses. However, this statistical approach will show how students are clustered into groups and does not provide information such as the probability that a given student is bullied or suicidal. A 3-step Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify and understand the various profiles of students who experienced and/ or were exposed to certain health-risk behaviors. The health-risk behaviors of interest, the latent variables, were school-related violence, physical activity, screen time, and sleep. Using LCA, results show that there are four significantly different typologies, or profiles, of student health-risk behaviors: Level 1 The Most Support Needed (TMSN), Level 2 Suicide Prevention Needed (SPN), Level 3 Coping Mechanism for Bullying Needed (CMBN), Level 4 Least Support Needed (LSN). In tandem, contextual factors such as age, sex, grade level, race and ethnicity were significantly associated with the odds of belonging to some of the groups. This study is connected to longer-term work. Implications of these groupings on school policies, student health outcomes, and building a school-based coordinated health system will be discussed.

Depression and suicide are significant public health concerns for college-age young adults. Meaning-based characteristics, such as forgiveness, a voluntary coping process involving offering, feeling, or seeking a change from negative to positive cognitions, behaviors, and affect toward a transgressor, may buffer such poor mental health outcomes. Utilizing mediation analyses, we examined cross-sectional associations between forgiveness, depression, and suicidal behavior in a diverse student sample reporting mild to severe depressive symptoms. The effect of self-forgiveness on suicidal behavior was fully mediated by depression; self-forgiveness was associated with depression and, in turn, with suicidal behavior. Forgiveness of others was directly associated with suicidal behavior. Prospective research is needed, yet self and other-forgiveness may be appropriate targets for promotion in suicide prevention efforts.

Problem-solving deficits and poor health–related quality of life are associated with suicide risk; yet, little is known about the interrelations between these variables. In 220 primary care patients, we examined the potential mediating role of physical and mental health–related quality of life on the relation between social problem–solving ability and suicidal behavior. Participants completed the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised, and Short-Form 36 Health Survey. Utilizing bootstrapped mediation, our hypotheses were partially supported; mediating effects were found for mental health–related quality of life on the relation between social problem-solving and suicidal behavior. Physical health–related quality of life was not a significant mediator. Greater social problem–solving ability is associated with better mental health–related quality of life and, in turn, to less suicidal behavior. Interventions promoting social problem–solving ability may increase quality of life and reduce suicide risk in primary care patients.

Suicide is a worldwide problem that generates both great suffering for the individual and its family as well as a large economic impact for the society. 800 000 people commit suicide each year globally, of whom many have already been in contact with the care system without getting the help they need. The aim of this study was to describe nurses’ experiences of caring for suicidal patients. We conducted a literature study based on analysis of qualitative studies according to Friberg’s five step model. Ten studies, published 2011-2021, were included. When asked about their experiences, nurses empathize the need of patient safety and the importance of forming a close partnership with the patient. They also empathize the emotional impact the caring of these patients put on them. Patient safety for these patients is a matter of both a safe hospital environment and nurses being well educated and aware of suicidal cues. The formation of a partnership is crucial for the nurse’s ability to make a good assessment and is usually facilitated by nurses being open and personal as well as empathic and present in the moment. However, becoming too close to the patient may be emotionally tough if the patient commits suicide. Nurses therefore need support and tools for handling their emotions. Further on, to make a good assessment the nurses also need to be able to tune into the patients verbally unexpressed needs.

Bakgrund: Suicid är en av de vanligaste dödsorsakerna i världen hos personer i åldrarna 15-44 år. I Sverige förekommer det tio gånger så många suicidförsök som fullbordade suicid. Att vårda suicidala patienter handlar om att rädda liv och denna patientgrupp förekommer på många olika vårdavdelningar. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka vårdpersonalens upplevelser av att vårda suicidala patienter. Metod: En litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats där tio artiklar inkluderades. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier med sammanlagt sju underkategorier. Kategorierna var: Att nå och förstå suicidala patienter, Att orka vårda suicidala patienter och Känslor av att möta suicidala patienter. Underkategorierna döptes till: Förståelse och respekt, En vårdande relation, Behov av stöd, Copingstrategier, Att känna ansvar, Att inte räcka till, Maktlöshet och frustration. Slutsats: Resultatet genomsyrades av behovet av bättre och mer stöd från kollegor och fördjupad kunskap om att vårda suicidala patienter. Det uttrycktes även en frustration över att inte räcka till och en hopplöshet över att inte nå fram till patienterna. Klinisk betydelse: Denna studie kommer förhoppningsvis att vara vägledande för vårdpersonal att förstå sig själv och varandra i mötet med suicidala patienter. / Background: Suicide is one of the most common reasons of death worldwide, among persons aged 15-44. In Sweden, the numbers of suicidal attempts are ten times higher than the number of completed suicides. According to the nursing staff the care of suicidal patients are all about saving lives, and this group of patients is represented in many different wards. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the nursing staffs’ experiences of suicidal patients. Method: A qualitative literature study with ten studies included. Results: The analysis resulted in three categories, with a total of seven subcategories. The categories were: To reach and understand suicidal patients, To endure the nursing of suicidal patients and The feelings of meeting suicidal patients. The subcategories were called: Understanding and respect, A caring relationship, Need of support, Copingstategies, To feel responsibility, To not be sufficient as a caregiver, Powerlessness and frustration. Conclusion: The result was imbued by the need of a greater quantity and quality in the support provided by colleagues, and a deeper knowledge in how to treat suicidal patients. A frustration was expressed with not being sufficient and feelings of hopelessness for not being able to reach the patients. Clinical significance: Hopefully, this study will become a guideline to nursing staff to better understand oneself, and each other, in the interaction with suicidal patients.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if a correlation exists between suicide and CAG repeat length in Huntington’s disease. Methodology: A case-control study using the COHORT Study de-identified database was conducted. Responses were collected from 163 participants. Depression, substance abuse history and use of benzodiazepines were covariates. Responses to the UHDRS behavioral section pertaining to the frequency and severity of suicidal ideation (“feels life is not worth living”, “has suicidal thoughts”) were analyzed. Results: Despite taking depression, benzodiazepine use, and history of substance abuse into account, there was a predictive relationship between CAG repeat length and frequency of suicidal ideation (p = .010). When the effect of depression was taken into account, there was no significant relationship between CAG repeat length and the severity of suicidal ideation. Recommendations: The findings from this quantitative analysis supported using CAG length in a clinician’s risk factor assessment to determine the frequency of suicidality.

This thesis attempts to explicate the manifestation of suicidal behavior in latency age children based on developmental object relations theory. It asserts that the susceptibility to suicidal behavior becomes part of the child's developing ego organization during the first three years of life as the result of deviant or distorted emotional development. These disturbances interfere with the normal internalizing processes of the separation individuation phases, including the development of psychological mechanisms. To accomplish the purpose of the study, the thesis generally classifies object relations theory within the parameters of developmental psychopathology and specifically classifies it as a component of contemporary psychodynamic theory. Then follows an exposition of the separation individuation process and attendant development of psychological mechanisms in normal and disturbed development. This section concludes by identifying the normally developing child around thirty-six months of age as possessing the capacity to unite disparate self and object images into a single, whole person for appropriate self comfort, self-image formation, and self-esteem regulation through having received primarily gratifying interactions with caregivers. The child with disturbed development lacks this capacity because of the internalization of primarily negative object-images through primarily negative interactions with caregivers. The child lacks trust in itself and in others, tends to perceive itself and others as all-good or all-bad, and experiences hostility and depression. A definition of latency and a description of this developmental stage follows. Cognitive development marked by secondary thought processes and reliance upon dynamic psychological mechanisms--ego defenses--to sustain a behavioral and emotional equilibrium, rather than a diminution of drives, permit latency to become established. As part of the structure of latency, fantasy serves a defensive and adaptive function by providing an outlet for drive expression and for mastery of situations intrapsychically. Children with disturbances in ego organization have a less established structure of latency than do normal children, that is, they rely to a greater extent on psychological mechanisms characteristic of the separation-individuation phases. A review of empirical and clinical research of suicidal children encompasses family environment; loss, depression, and hopelessness; cognitive functioning; and defense mechanisms. Suicidal children live in stressful, chaotic families with confused role relationships. Findings regarding the relationships among loss, depression, and hopelessness appear mixed although integrally related. Suicidal children conceive of impersonal death as final while construing personal death as reversible as a defensive maneuver. Suicidal fantasies constitute the precursors to suicidal planning and actions. Suicidal children show impaired ability to devise active coping strategies. They seem to rely excessively on ego defenses considered developmentally appropriate in early stages of development, such as introjection. A synthesis of theoretical formulations and research findings sets forth the developmental sequence culminating in suicidal behavior. The model depicts a child's developing ego organization predisposed to depression, hostility, and low self-esteem caused by the internalization of a predominance of negative self- and object-images. It portrays susceptibility to suicidal behavior through the incapacity to exercise self-protection under stressful situations because of a reliance upon maladaptive ego defenses. Fantasies to relieve psychic pain as part of latency defenses transform into fantasies of suicide; these presage and allow for planning and, given the failure of ego defenses, suicidal behavior results.

Suicid utgör fem gånger fler dödsfall jämfört med trafikolyckor i Sverige, vilket får förödande konsekvenser för många människor. Lidandet beskrivs vara outhärdligt inför självmordshandlingen. Sjuksköterskor behöver mer kunskap om hur människor som försökt ta sitt liv tänker om sin handling, följande litteraturöversikt avser öka kunskapen om hur sjuksköterskor kan bemöta och tala med en självmordsnära patient. / Suicide accounts for five times more deaths in Sweden compared to traffic accidents, which has devastating consequenses for many people. The suffering is described as unbearable before the act of suicide. Nurses need to gain knowledge about how people who try to take their lives think about their action in order to increase knowledge about how nurses can talk and respond to a suicidal patient.

No description available.

Bakgrund Suicid är ett folkhälsoproblem världen över och enligt WHO begår cirka 800 000 människor självmord varje år. Tidigare suicidförsök är den främsta riskfaktorn till suicid. En central del för omvårdnaden är att bygga upp en relation med den man vårdar. Mötet är avgörande för hur patienten upplever situationen, då det är där bilden av oss själva och världen formas. Syfte Syftet med denna studie var att belysa betydelsefulla aspekter i mötet mellan vårdpersonal och personer som är suicidnära utifrån patientens upplevelser. Metod Metoden var en icke-systematiskt litteraturöversikt baserades på 15 artiklar som både hade kvalitativ och kvantitativ design. Artikelsökningarna gjordes i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och PsycInfo samt genom manuell sökning. Kvalitetsgranskning gjordes för att säkerställa det vetenskapliga artiklarnas kvalité. En integrerad analys gjordes för att framställa resultatet. Resultat Fem kategorier identifierades efter analys av samtliga artiklar: Relationen mellan vårdpersonalen och patienten, att bli sedd, empatiskt bemötande, aktivt lyssnande samt stigmatisering och attityder. Resultatet visar att personer som är suicidnära belyser vikten av en god relation med vårdpersonalen där tillit och förtroende är väsentligt. Aktivt lyssnande från vårdpersonalen var en viktig teknik för uppbyggnaden av en relation då det gav en känsla av hopp och minskat lidande. Ytterligare ett fynd var att patienten ville bli sedd som en värdefull person av vårdpersonalen och inte bli sedd som en diagnos. Personer som är suicidnära upplevde att bristande empati var det mest problematiska hos vårdpersonalen. Ett empatisk bemötande uttrycktes gör stor skillnad och rekommenderas från många patienter för framtida vård. Patienter upplevde även dåliga attityder och stigmatiseringar vilket involverade förminskning på grund av suicidförsök, otillräcklig kunskap och utbildning för att jobba med suicidnära personer. Slutsats Genom att förstå och ha kunskap om de betydelsefulla aspekterna i mötet ur patientens perspektiv kan vårdpersonalen bemöta personer som är suicidnära och deras behov på ett individanpassad och professionellt sätt.