O presente estudo foi realizado em duas etapas com os seguintes objetivos: (i) avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com leguminosa tropical em comparação ao concentrado em gramínea tropical na ingestão de nutrientes por cordeiros; (ii) avaliar a inclusão de leguminosa tropical em pastagem de gramínea sobre o consumo de nutrientes por cordeiros recebendo polietileno glicol 4000. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso e no segundo experimento em parcela subdividida. No primeiro estudo (capítulo III), 72 cordeiros foram alocados em 12 piquetes (0,1 ha cada) de capim Aruana (Panicum maximum cv. IZ-5) e submetidos aos tratamentos por 90 dias: 1) S0,0 – sem suplementação; 2) S1,5 - suplementação com concentrado a 1,5% de PV; 3) S2,5 -suplementação com concentrado a 2,5% PV, 4) SFG - suplementação com pastejo controlado em 0,1 ha de feijão Guandu (Cajanus cajan cv. Anão) por três horas/dia. No segundo experimento (capítulo IV), 54 cordeiros foram alocados em nove piquetes (0,2 ha cada) submetidos aos tratamentos por 84 dias: 1) Aruana – somente capim Aruana; 2) AFG - consórcio de feijão Guandu e capim Aruana, em faixa, 3) Guandu - somente feijão Guandu, cada tratamento foi subdividido em parcelas com e sem PEG (polietileno glicol 4000). No experimento 1, as variáveis de comportamento ingestivo, consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos (P < 0,05), tendo os cordeiros do grupo S2,5 apresentado melhor ingestão de nutrientes e o grupo SFG consumo intermediário. Em geral, o grupo SFG apresentou resultados semelhantes ao S1,5. No segundo experimento, as variáveis de comportamento ingestivo não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos e pelo uso do PEG (P > 0,05). Houve interação entre os sistemas de alimentação e uso de PEG para a ingestão de nutrientes e digestibilidade (P > 0,05), com os melhores resultados para os grupos sem PEG (P < 0,05). Em geral, os animais que não receberam PEG e que foi incluído Guandu na dieta, apresentaram aumento no consumo de nutrientes. Assim, o feijão Guandu pode substituir o concentrado em nível de até 1,5% do PV como suplemento para o capim Aruana. A inclusão da leguminosa tropical com presença de taninos condensados favorece o consumo de nutrientes por cordeiros criados em pastagem tropical. / This study was performed in two stages with the following objectives: (i) to evaluate the effects of topical legume supplementation compared with the concentrate in tropical grass in the intake of nutrients by lambs; (ii) to evaluate the inclusion of tropical legume in grass pasture on intake of nutrients for lambs receiving polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG). A randomized block design was use in the first experiment and split plot design was use in the second experiment. In the first study (Chapter III), 72 lambs were divided into 12 paddocks (0.1 ha each) of Aruana grass de (Panicum maximum cv. IZ-5) and subjected to treatments for 90 days: 1) S0,0 - only Aruana grass; 2) S1.5 - supplementation with concentrated to 1.5% of lamb BW; 3) S2.5 - supplementation with concentrated to 2.5% of lamb BW; 4) SFG – supplementation with controlled grazing on 0.1 ha of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan cv. Anão) for three h / d. In the second study (Chapter IV), 54 lambs were divided into nine paddocks (0.2 ha each) and subjected to treatments for 84 days: 1) Aruana – only Aruana grass; 2) AFG - consortium with Aruana grass and pigeon pea; 3) Guandu – only pigeon pea, where each treatment was divided into plots with or without PEG (polyethylene glycol 4000). In the experiment 1, the ingestive behavior variables, intake and digestibility of nutrients were affect by treatments (P < 0.05) with the lambs of the group S2.5 presented better intake of nutrients and the group SFG intake intermediate. In general, the SFG group showed similar results to S1.5. In the second experiment, the ingestive behavior variables were not affected by the treatments and the use of PEG (P>0.05). There was interaction between the feeding systems and use of PEG for intake of nutrients and digestibility (P < 0.05), with the best result for the treatments without PEG (P < 0.05). In general, animals that did not receive PEG and that included pigeon pea in the diet, showed an increase in the intake of nutirents. Thus, pigeon pea can substitute the concentrate at a level of 1,5% PV as a supplement for the Aruana grass. The inclusion of the tropical legume with presence of condensed tannin favors the intake of nutrients by lambs raised in tropical pasture.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo delinear o leitor de papel, e o seu contexto, em dois suplementos infantis brasileiros, a Folhinha e o Estadinho (publicados, respectivamente, pela Folha de S.Paulo e pelo Estado de S. Paulo). Entende-se leitor de papel como a criança entrevistada pelos cadernos, cujas falas aparecem nos textos publicados. Foram estudadas, por meio da análise de conteúdo, as capas e as reportagens principais de 25 edições de cada um dois suplementos, de 4 de julho a 19 de dezembro de 2009. Foram levantados, nos textos (incluindo fotos e elementos gráficos) e na capa (imagem principal e chamada para a reportagem de destaque), o tema explorado, o número de crianças ouvidas, o gênero e a idade dos entrevistados, as referências geográficas e os verbos no imperativo. Nas páginas internas, contabilizou-se ainda o número de infográficos publicados. A partir desses dados, a pesquisa permite afirmar que as Redações não conseguem entrevistar, de modo igualitário, crianças de todas as faixas etárias que desejam atingir, o que indica que é preciso delinear melhor o leitor-padrão, ou modelo, dessas publicações. Além disso, constata-se a concentração de temas (com quase ausência da tradução do noticiário adulto para as crianças), o uso abusivo de textos imperativos e a repetição de referências à cidade de São Paulo, a despeito da circulação ao menos estadual dos dois cadernos. / The aim of this dissertation is to define the reader of paper and his context in two childrens newspaper supplements, Folhinha and Estadinho, published by Folha de S.Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo, respectively. The reader of paper is defined as the child interviewed by the publication, whose speeches appear in the published texts. This research has studied covers and main texts of 25 editions of each supplement printed in 2009 (from July 4th to December 19th), using the content analysis methodology. The study has listed the themes the supplement focused on; the amount of children interviewed, their gender and age, as well as geographic references and the imperative verbs that were used. Infographics published in internal pager were also counted. These data allow us to affirm that neither supplement interview equally the children of the ages targeted, which indicates that the model reader has to be redefined. Furthermore, one can perceive a significant repetition of themes (with an almost complete absence of news translated into children language), as well as imperative verbs used in excess, and recurrent reference to the city of São Paulo, despite the fact that both publications are sold at least in the remainder of the State.

The aim of this thesis is to present the theoretical attributes of marketing communications, as part of the marketing mix and in particular in relation to specific areas of the pharmaceutical industry. The practical part is focused on pharmaceutical product marketing communication towards the ultimate consumer. For this goal I chose Green pharmaceutical company - Swan Pharmaceuticals CR, as a nutritional supplement for her joints Condro Forte GS.

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a significant difference in weight loss, body fat, waist circumference, or diet quality among participants taking calcium or placebo supplements in a lifestyle intervention program. Three participants ages 52-55 completed the 14 week program. Two participants took 1,000 milligrams calcium while one participant took a placebo. Changes in diet were analyzed by Nutribase IV and self perception. Anthropometrics were analyzed by analysis of variance, alpha level 0.05. There was significant decrease in weight and waist circumference for the calcium group and decrease in bioelectrical impedance for the placebo group; however, due to small sampling size, results are inconclusive. There was no significant difference between groups in skinfold, diet, or quality of life.

Approximately 46 million acres or 88 per cent of the land area of the state of Utah has been classified by Reuss and Blanch (1951) as "range land open for grazing." Although some of this area cannot be grazed because of inaccessibility, lack of water, poison plants, and similar factors, it is estimated that some 40 million acres or 78 per cent of the total land area is available for grazing. Most of this grazing land is federally owned (73 per cent), while only 22 per cent is privately held, and 5 per cent is state owned.

Due to the increasing cost of soybean meal and concerns of excess N being excreted into the environment, new protein supplements have been developed. Two products that have shown potential in increasing N utilization efficiency are slow release urea (SRU; Optigen) and ruminal escape protein derived from yeast (YMP; DEMP). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of feeding these 2 supplements in high-forage [(54% of total dietary dry matter (DM)] dairy diets on nutrient utilization, feed efficiency, lactational performance of dairy cows, and their impacts on income-over feed costs. Twelve multiparous dairy cows were used in a triple 4 × 4 Latin square design with one square consisting of ruminally cannulated cows. Treatments included: 1) control, 2) SRU-supplemented total mixed ration (TMR, SRUT), 3) YMP-supplemented TMR (YMPT), and 4) SRU and YMP-supplemented TMR (SYT). The control consisted only of a mixture of soybean meal and canola meal (SBMCM) in a 50:50 ratio. The SRU and the YMP were supplemented at 0.49% and 1.15% DM, respectively. The experiment consisted of 4 periods lasting 28 d each (21 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling). Cows fed YMPT and SYT had decreased intake of DM, and all supplemented treatments had lower crude protein intake compared to those fed the control. Milk yield tended to have the greatest increase in YMPT compared with the control (41.1 vs. 39.7 kg/d) as well as a tendency for increased milk fat and protein yields. Feed efficiencies based on yields of milk, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, and energy-corrected milk increased at 10-16% due to protein supplementation. Cows fed with protein supplements partitioned less energy toward body weight gain, but tended to partition more energy toward milk production. Efficiency of use of feed N to milk N increased by feeding SRUT and YMPT, and milk N-to-manure N ratio increased in YMPT. Cows fed SRUT or YMPT tended to improve income-over feed costs. Overall results from this experiment indicate that replacing SBMCM with SRU and YMP in high-forage dairy diets can be a good approach to enhance dairy profitability through improved nutrient utilization efficiencies by lactating dairy cows.

<p>Främsta anledningen till en tilläggsisolering är att det önskas bättre energihushållning i en byggnad. Detta kan göras med olika material och olika tekniker. Inom byggnadsvårdssammanhang förs det en diskussion om de fuktbuffrande materialen är bättre vid tilläggsisolering då de är hygroskopiska än de icke hygroskopiska som är mest frekvent använda i det konventionella byggandet. Denna rapport utvärderar om det finns några dokumenterade fakta som styrker att de hygroskopiska och ekologiska materialen fungerar bättre i byggnadsvårdssammanhang än de icke hygroskopiska. Olika isolermaterial från de två nämnda grupperna jämförs utifrån olika parametrar.</p> / <p>This report evaluates if there are any known facts that support that the hygroscopic and ecologic materials are better in supplement insulation than non hygroscopic. Different kind of insulate materials from these two mentioned groups are compared from without different kind of parameters.</p>

The purpose of this thesis was to determine the combined effects of protein, creatine, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation during resistance training. These nutritional supplements are popular during resistance training and we wanted to determine if they would have additive effects for improving body composition and strength. Forty-four participants (32 males, 12 females, mean age 20y) were randomized into three groups to receive: 1) 36 g/d protein (PRO), 2) protein and 9 g/d creatine (PRO/CR), or 3) protein, creatine and 6 g/d CLA (PRO/CR/CLA) for 5 weeks while resistance training on a four-day cycle (three days of resistance training, followed by one day of rest). Measurements at pre- and post-testing included body composition, muscle thickness of the elbow and knee flexors and extensors, and bench and leg press strength. There were time main effects (p<0.01) for strength, and muscle thickness. The PRO/CR/CLA group had significant increases in knee extensor muscle thickness over time compared to the other groups (p<0.05). There were no other differences between groups over time. The combinations of creatine and protein, or creatine, protein and CLA had no effects on body composition. It is concluded that combining protein, creatine, and CLA has minimal effects on muscular strength, muscle thickness, and body composition.

Bakgrund: Trycksår är vanligt förekommande inom vården. En koppling har gjorts mellan försämrad nutritionsstatus och ökad risk för trycksår. Ett sätt att påverka näringsstatusen kan vara att ge näringstillskott och genom detta indirekt påverka läkningen av trycksår, detta omvårdnadsansvar ligger hos sjuksköterskan. Ett problem kan dock vara att kunskapen hos sjuksköterskor gällande näringstillskott kan variera. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva näringstillskotts effekt på läkningen av trycksår. Metod: Studien gjordes som en litteraturöversikt (n=10) baserade på kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: Studiens resultat visade att de flesta näringstillskott hade positiv effekt på läkningen av trycksår. Tillskott i form av arginin, vitamin C och zink i kombination och hydrolyserat protein gav en förbättrad sårläkning. Tillskott i form av fiskolja visade ingen signifikant förbättring. Slutsats: Näringstillskott innehållande arginin, vitamin C och zink och i kombination har visat sig kunna påverka läkningsprocessen vid trycksår positivt. Studier visar dock att kunskapen hos sjuksköterskor gällande näringens roll i vården är bristande. Skulle detta bero på att informationen är svårförståelig, hoppas vi att den föreliggande studien kan bidra till ökat intresse och kunskap kring näringstillskotts effekt på läkningen av trycksår. / Background: Pressure ulcers are common in health care. A connection has been made between poor nutritional status and pressure ulcers. One way of affecting the nutritional status could be by giving nutritional supplements and by this affect the healing of pressure ulcers positively. The registered nurse is responsible of providing this care. An issue could be the lack of knowledge regarding nutritional supplements. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe the nutritional supplements effect on pressure ulcer healing. Method: The study was executed as a literature review (n=10) based on quantitative studies. Result: The result of the study showed that most of the nutritional supplements have had a positive effect. Supplements such as arginine, vitamin C and zinc in combination and hydrolysated protein gave an improved wound healing. The supplement containing fish oil showed no significant improvements. Conclusion: Nutritional supplements containing arginine, vitamin C and zinc showed a positive effect on the healing of pressure ulcers. Studies show that nurses’ knowledge regarding nutrition in ulcer care is incomplete. If the reason behind this is that the information is difficult to understand our hope is that this study will make it easier to learn more about nutritional supplements, what supplements that should be used and its role in pressure ulcer care.

Främsta anledningen till en tilläggsisolering är att det önskas bättre energihushållning i en byggnad. Detta kan göras med olika material och olika tekniker. Inom byggnadsvårdssammanhang förs det en diskussion om de fuktbuffrande materialen är bättre vid tilläggsisolering då de är hygroskopiska än de icke hygroskopiska som är mest frekvent använda i det konventionella byggandet. Denna rapport utvärderar om det finns några dokumenterade fakta som styrker att de hygroskopiska och ekologiska materialen fungerar bättre i byggnadsvårdssammanhang än de icke hygroskopiska. Olika isolermaterial från de två nämnda grupperna jämförs utifrån olika parametrar. / This report evaluates if there are any known facts that support that the hygroscopic and ecologic materials are better in supplement insulation than non hygroscopic. Different kind of insulate materials from these two mentioned groups are compared from without different kind of parameters.