Introdução: A exploração cirúrgica do como temporal do ventrículo lateral (CTVL) é realizada para o tratamento de lesões neoplásica, vasculares e, principalmente, para o tratamento cirúrgico da epilepsia do lobo temporal. As abordagens cirúrgicas a esta cavidade são realizadas, a partir da superficie cortical e através de suas paredes, pelos acessos laterais, transsilvianos e inferiores. A escolha do acesso cirúrgico se baseia na exposição adequada e nas alterações neurológicas que possam advir do trauma ao parênquima cerebral. A secção dos diferentes feixes de fibras brancas pode resultar em déficits neurológicos mais duradouros do que a lesão ao córtex cerebral. Os déficits visuais oriundos da interrupção das fibras da radiação óptica são os mais estudados. A identificação das interrupções dos demais conjuntos de fibras e as correlações dos déficits neurológicos originados têm sido subestimadas na literatura Objetivo: Avaliar a interrupção dos feixes de fibras brancas nos diferentes acessos cirúrgicos ao como temporal do ventrículo lateral, utilizando a técnica de dissecção de fibras brancas de Klinger. Métodos: Para o estudo, foram utilizados 40 hemisférios cerebrais cadavéricos adultos (20 encéfalos) preparados no Laboratório de Anatomia da UFMS de acordo com a descrição do método de preparação de Klinger. As aberturas da cavidade ventricular, mimetizando os acessos cirúrgicos lateral (através do giro temporal médio), inferior (através do giro parahipocampal), transsilviano e transuncal foram realizados por meio de incisões de l5 mm a partir das superficies corticais. Resultados: A introdução dos instrumentos de dissecção, de 15 mm de largura por 2 mm de espessura, garantiu a uniformidade das transecções das fibras da superficie cortical à cavidade ventricular. Como resultado obteve­se o acesso que causou menor comprometimento de fibras brancas foi o acesso transucal, esse que atingiu apenas 8,3% das fibras analisadas, sendo as fibras em \"U\" situadas no córtex piriforme. Em seguida, os acessos inferior e transsilviano causaram lesões em 25% das fibras brancas. O acesso que acometeu o maior número de fibras, sendo considerado o mais lesivo para a substância branca foi o acesso lateral, esse que acometeu 75% das fibras analisadas durante a pesquisa. Conclusão: O acesso lateral através do giro temporal médio ocasiona lesões da porção inferior do fascículo longitudinal superior (segmento arqueado e vertical), do fascículo uncinado (segmento dorso lateral da porção temporal), do fascículo occipitofrontal (segmento ventral da porção posterior), da comissura anterior (segmento posterior da extensão lateral), das fibras temporopontinas, do pedúnculo talârnico posterior (alça temporal), do pedúnculo talâmico inferior (fibras posteriores) e do tapete. O acesso transsilviano ocasiona lesões do fascículo uncinado (segmento ventromedial da porção temporal), da comissura anterior (segmento anterior da extensão lateral) e da substância cinzenta da amígdala. O acesso inferior, através do giro parahipocampal, ocasiona lesões do segmento inferior do cíngulo e da formação hipocampal. O acesso transuncallesa apenas a substância cinzenta da amígdala . / Introduction: Surgical access to the temporal hom of lateral ventric1e is performed to treat tumoral and vascular lesions, but mainly to the surgi cal treatment of temporal epilepsy. The surgi cal exploration of this cavity is realized from the cortical surface towards the ventricular walls, through the lateral, transsylvian and inferior approaches, based on the adequate exposure of the cavity and on the postoperative deficits that might be originated from the brain parenchymal trauma. Lesions to the fibers bundles often result in more severe and prolonged deficits than corticallesions. The most common recognized deficits are the visual fields defects secondary to injuries to the optic radiation. Identification of the interruption of other fibers bundles involved and their correlated c1inical manifestation have been underestimated on the literature. Objective: To identify the interruption of the fiber bundles originated from the different approaches to the temporal hom utilizing the Klinger\'s fiber dissection technique. Methods: We studied 40 cerebral hemispheres of 20 brains, prepared according to Klingers method, at the UFMS Laboratory of Anatomy. The surgical access of the temporal hom was performed simulating the lateral (middle temporal gyrus), inferior (parahippocampal gyrus), transsylvian and transuncal approaches, through 15 mm cortical incisions, followed by stepwise dissection of the fibers. Results: Introduction ofthe dissector (15 mm width, 2 mm height) warranted an uniform transection of the fibers from the cortical surface to the ventricular cavity. The least destructive access encountered was the transuncal access, interrupting 8,3% of the studied fibers. Following it, the inferior and the transsylvian approaches interrupted 25% of the fibers. The most destructive, interrupting 75% of the studied fibers was the lateral approach. Conclusion: The lateral approach through the middle temporal gyrus caused interruptions on the inferior portion (vertical and arcuate segments) of the superior longitudinal fasciculus; on the dorso lateral segment of the temporal portion from the uncinate fasciculus; on the ventral segment of the posterior portion from the occipitofrontal fasciculus; on the posterior segrnent of the lateral extension from the posterior commissure; on the temporopontine fibers; on the anterior loop of the posterior thalamic pedunc1e, on the posterior fibers of the inferior thalamic pedunc1e and the tapetum fibers. The transsylvian approach caused interruptions on the ventromedial segrnent of the temporal portion from the uncinate fasciculus; on the anterior segrnent of the lateral extension from the anterior commissure and transected the amygdala on its anterosuperior surface. The inferior approach through the parahippocampal gyrus caused interruptions on the inferior segment of the cingulum and on the fimbria, due to the transection of the hipocampal formation. The transuncal approach only transected the amygdala

Orientadores: Luiz Carlos Zeferino, Joana Fróes Bragança Bastos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T05:47:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yoneda_JulianaYoko_M.pdf: 1509037 bytes, checksum: 64a492fd2dcabf75db665898f34f50aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Objetivos: Avaliar fatores patológicos em mulheres submetidas à histerectomia radical e linfadenectomia pélvica bilateral para tratamento de câncer do colo do útero estádio IA1 com invasão angiolinfática e IA2, correlacionando achados na peça de conização e de histerectomia radical, para identificação de um grupo de pacientes candidatas a tratamento cirúrgico menos radical. Métodos: Avaliação de mulheres com câncer do colo do útero estádio IA1 com invasão angiolinfática e IA2, diagnosticadas por LEEP ou conização a frio, tratadas com histerectomia radical e linfadenectomia pélvica bilateral, no período de Janeiro de 1999 à Dezembro de 2011. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 50 pacientes, 40 estádio IA2 e 10 estádio IA1 com invasão angiolinfática. A média de idade foi de 43 anos (30-67). Todas as pacientes foram submetidas à conização prévia, sendo 45 LEEP (90%) e cinco cones a frio (10%). A análise de histologia revelou carcinoma epidermóide em 44 pacientes (88%), adenocarcinoma em quatro pacientes (8%) e carcinoma adenoescamoso em duas pacientes (4%). Invasão angiolinfática foi detectada em 15 pacientes (30 %), dez estádio IA1 e cinco estádio IA2. Margens estiveram comprometidas em 35 pacientes, e em quatro casos não foram avaliadas por artefato de fulguração. Linfonodos estiveram comprometidos em dois casos. Não foi identificado nenhum caso de comprometimento parametrial. Doença residual foi detectada em 22 pacientes (44%) e margens comprometidas no produto de conização foram preditoras de doença residual na peça cirúrgica de histerectomia radical (p=0,04). O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 51 meses, não sendo observado nenhum óbito relacionado à doença. Conclusões: Pacientes com margens comprometidas na peça de conização apresentam risco aumentado de doença residual na peça cirúrgica de histerectomia radical, necessitando de avaliação cautelosa previamente à cirurgia conservadora. Avaliação de linfonodos pélvicos é essencial devido ao risco de envolvimento mesmo em estádios iniciais. A ausência de comprometimento parametrial no presente estudo reforça que esse seleto grupo de pacientes com carcinomas microinvasores estádios IA1 com invasão angiolinfática e IA2 apresentam baixo risco de comprometimento parametrial, podendo ser considerada a realização de tratamento cirúrgico menos radical / Abstract: Aims: To evaluate pathological features in women treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for stages IA1 with lymph-vascular space invasion and IA2 cervical cancer by correlating findings on conization and hysterectomy specimens identifying a group of patients that could be candidate for less radical surgical treatment. Methods: Analysis of women with cervical cancer stages IA1 with lymph-vascular space invasion and IA2, diagnosed by LEEP or cold knife conization, treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, from January 1999 to December 2011. Results: Fifty patients were enrolled, 40 stage IA2 and 10 IA1 with lymph-vascular space invasion. Median age was 43 years (30-67). All patients underwent cervical conization, 45 LEEP (90%) and five cold knife (10%). Histology revealed squamous cell carcinoma in 44 patients (88%), adenocarcinoma in four patients (8%) and adenosquamous carcinoma in two patients (4%). Lymph-vascular space invasion was detected in 15 patients (30%), 10 stage IA1 and 5 stage IA2. Cone biopsy margins were positive in 35 patients and unavailable in 4 patients. There were two cases of positive pelvic nodes. No parametrial involvement was detected in the entire cohort. Residual disease was detected in 22 patients (44%). Positive margins predicted residual disease at radical hysterectomy (p= 0,04). Medium follow up time was 51 months and there were no disease- related deaths. Conclusions: Patients with positive margins at cone biopsy specimens have increased risk of residual disease at radical hysterectomy, and need careful evaluation prior to conservative surgery. Pelvic lymph-nodes evaluation is essential due to the risk of involvement even on early stages. The lack of parametrial involvement in the present study reinforce that this select group of patients with microinvasive cervical carcinoma stages IA1 LVSI, and IA2 have a very low risk of parametrial infiltration and less radical surgery could be considered / Mestrado / Oncologia Ginecológica e Mamária / Mestra em Ciências da Saúde

Orientador: Bruno Livani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T13:03:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zogaib_RodrigoKallas_M.pdf: 9326160 bytes, checksum: a09bd895633ff41c62b544b7b84de884 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Entre novembro de 2000 e abril de 2011, 22 pacientes com 23 fraturas transversas da diáfise umeral foram tratados com redução indireta e fixação com placa e parafusos através de técnica minimamente invasiva. A seguimento pós-operatório variou de 6 a 126 meses ( media 51.6 meses). Quinze pacientes, eram do sexo masculino e sete feminino. A idade dos pacientes variou de 18 a 66 (media 33.5) anos. Todas as fraturas consolidaram, e nenhuma apresentou lesão neurovascular associada. As fraturas consolidaram em até 2.7 meses. O arco de movimento do ombro e cotovelo foram simétricos quando comparado ao lado não envolvido, salvo em um paciente que apresentou-se com déficit de extensão do cotovelo, mas tinha fratura de olecrano ipsilateral, e foi tratado com redução e fixação com banda de tensão. Houve complicações sem repercussão clínica em sete casos, que foram o cúbito varo de aproximadamente 5 graus em cinco pacientes e falha dos parafusos proximais em 2 casos. Não houve ocorrência de infeção ou lesão iatrogênica do nervo radial A avaliação da função pós operatória do braço, ombro, e mão (DASH SCORE) foi testada e variou de 0 a 12.5 ( media de 5.45) Em conclusão, osteossíntese minimamente invasiva com placa em ponte (MIPO) , pode ser considerada uma opção segura e eficaz para o tratamento de fraturas transversas da diáfise do úmero / Abstract: Between November 2000 and April 2011, 22 patients with 23 transverse mid-shaft humeral fractures were treated with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis techniques. Follow-up duration ranged from 6 to 126 (mean 51.6) months. Fifteen patients were male and seven were female. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 66 (mean 33.5) years. All fractures healed and no associated neurovascular lesion developed. All fractures united within an average of 2.5 months. Ranges of shoulder and elbow motion were symmetric with those of the uninjured extremity. Complications occurred in seven cases, in five cases, comprising 5° cubitus varus with no functional repercussion, and in two cases, the proximal screw failed, but the fracture healing in the same mean time. Disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) scores ranged from 0 to 12.5 (mean 5.45). One patient who presented with lack of elbow extension was found to have an ipsilateral olecranon fracture, which was treated with tension-band osteosynthesis. No infection or iatrogenic injury of the radial nerve occurred. In conclusion, minimally invasive bridging-plate osteosynthesis may be considered an option for the treatment of transverse mid-shaft humeral fractures / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Mestre em Ciências

INTRODUÇÃO: A alergia ao látex é um importante problema de saúde pública, especialmente em grupos de risco que têm contato frequente com este potente alérgeno. Este estudo estimou a prevalência e os fatores de risco para sensibilização ao látex em pacientes com mielomeningocele (MMC) submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos urológicos no HC-FMUSP. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados pacientes com MMC submetidos a pelo menos uma cirurgia urológica, entre 2009 e 2014.Todos foram entrevistados e seus prontuários revisados. Uma amostra de sangue permitiu que a IgE específica ao látex, a K82, e seus recombinantes fossem investigados pelo método lmmunoCAP100 (kUa/L -1). A associação entre a exposição e o desfecho foi avaliada por meio de regressão logística de Poisson, Quiquadrado ou o teste exato de Fischer, para variáveis categóricas. O teste t de Student foi utilizado para comparar variáveis contínuas (nível de significância de 5%). Foram calculados a razão de prevalência (RP) e o intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados Duzentos e doze pacientes (51% do sexo masculino, 20,4 ± 6,4 anos de idade), 68 foram submetidos a pelo menos um procedimento urológico e 51 aceitaram participar (87,9%). Vinte e nove pacientes foram considerados não-sensibilizados (IgE específica para o látex :: a 0,7 kUa/L) e 22 sensibilizados ao látex com IgE > 0,7 kUa/L. Quando comparados os dois grupos, o sensibilizado apresentou um número de procedimentos cirúrgicos maior (11,6 ± 5,9 vs 7,2 ± 5,6) e dentre eles 48,3% apresentaram alguma alergia anterior contra 27,6% no grupo não sensibilizado. A sensibilização ao látex foi independentemente associada com alergia a produtos de látex (p = 0,014) e com o número de cirurgias anteriores (p = 0,032). A alergia ao látex tinha uma razão de prevalência de 2,87 (95% Cl: 1,24 a 6,65) ajustado para o número de cirurgias. Para cada procedimento cirúrgico, ajustado à alergia a produtos que contém látex, aumentou o risco para sensibilização em 4% (PR = 1,04; 95% CI: 1,00-1,09). CONCLUSÕES: A história de alergia ao látex e o número de cirurgias foram fatores de risco independentes para sensibilização ao látex / BACKGROUND: Latex allergy is an important public health issue, particularly in well defined groups who have contact with this potent allergen. This study estimated the prevalence and risk factors of latex sensitization in patients with myelomeningocele (MMC) undergoing urologic surgical procedures. METHODS: Patients with MMC that underwent at least one urologic surgery between 2009 and 2014 were interviewed and their medical records reviewed. A blood sample allowed the latex-specific lgE and its recombinant allergens by lmmunoCAP100 (kUa/L -1) to be investigated. The association between exposure and outcome was assessed by Poisson regression logistics, Chi-square or Fisher\'s exact compared for categorical variables. Student\'s t test was used to compare continuous variables (level of significance at 5%). The prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: Two hundred and twelve patients were identified (51% male, 20.4 ± 6.4 years\' age), 68 had undergone urological procedures and 51 consented to participate (87.9%). Twenty-nine patients were considered non-sensitized (latex-specific lgE :: 0,7 kUa/L -:: 1) and 22 sensitized to latex with IgE > 0,7 kUa/L. The latter group had a higher number of cirurgical procedures (11.6 ± 5.9 vs 7.2 ± 5.6) and 48.3% referred some previous allergy when compared to the non-sensitized group (27.6%). Latex sensitization was independently associated with allergy to latex products (p = 0.014) and with the number of previous surgeries (p = 0.032). Latex allergy had a prevalence ratio of 2.87 (95% Cl: 1.24 to 6.65) adjusted to the to the number of surgeries. Each surgical procedure, adjusted to allergy to latex products, increased in 4% the risk for latex sensitization (PR = 1.04; 95% Cl: 1.00 to 1.09). CONCLUSIONS: The history of latex allergy and the number of surgeries were independent risk factors for sensitization to latex

Introdução: O câncer de esôfago (CaE) ocorre em 22% dos casos como doença local, e a minoria dessa doença é limitada à mucosa ou à submucosa (lesões precoces). Ressecção endoscópica da mucosa (EMR), dissecção submucosa endoscópica (ESD), terapia fotodinâmica (PDT), terapia a laser e coagulação com plasma de argônio (APC) têm sido desenvolvidas como alternativas à ressecção cirúrgica de lesões precoces. Objetivos: Identificar, por meio de revisão sistemática, estudos que reportem sobrevida, sobrevida livre de doença, morbidade e mortalidade associada ao procedimento e mortalidade associada ao câncer em terapias endoscópicas e cirúrgicas no câncer de esôfago limitado à mucosa ou à submucosa (lesões precoces). Fontes de dados: Uma revisão sistemática de artigos em MEDLINE, Registro Cochrane de Ensaios Clínicos Controlados, EMBASE, EBSCO, LILACS, Biblioteca da Universidade de São Paulo e em sites de pesquisa, como BVS e SCOPE ScienceDirect. Seleção do estudo: Ensaio Controlado Aleatório, Ensaio Clínico Controlado, Ensaio Clínico e Estudos de Coorte. Critérios de seleção: Estudos que comparam estatisticamente a sobrevida e a sobrevida livre de doença, a morbidade e a mortalidade associada ao procedimento e a mortalidade associada ao câncer no tratamento endoscópico e cirúrgico para lesões precoces do câncer de esôfago. Extração de dados: Extração independente de dados de artigos por dois autores, incluindo os indicadores de qualidade dos estudos. Na busca, não foi encontrado nenhum tipo de ensaio clínico; portanto, extraímos apenas estudos comparativos retrospectivos e os resultados extraídos forma analisados estatisticamente. Limitação: Apenas estudos prospectivos, comparando as terapias endoscópicas e cirúrgicas, bem como as terapias reportadas com heterogeneidade. Resultados: Em estudos comparando as terapias cirúrgica e endoscópica na mortalidade relacionada ao procedimento, a diferença não foi significativa; nas taxas de sobrevivência após 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 anos, foram diferentes e mostraram superioridade da cirurgia ao longo do tempo, estas foram aparentemente influenciadas por vieses na população. Ao suprimir esse viés, a endoscopia é superior no controle da mortalidade relacionada ao câncer com alta taxa de recidiva da doença. Em relação à comorbidade e à mortalidade associada ao procedimento, a endoscopia apresenta melhores resultados. Conclusões e implicações: Não existem evidências reportadas de ensaios clínicos. Nesta metanálise, as terapias cirúrgicas mostraram superioridade na sobrevida, e as terapias endoscópicas apresentaram superioridade no controle da mortalidade relacionada ao câncer, mas com alta taxa de recorrência da doença, a comorbidade e a mortalidade associadas à endoscopia é menor. Ensaios controlados com volume amostral expressivo são necessários para confirmar os resultados da metanálise atual. Número de registro de revisão sistemática: CRD42014013170 / Esophageal cancer occurs in 22% of cases as a local disease, and a minority of this disease is limited to mucosa or submucosa (early lesions). Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), photodynamic therapy (PDT), laser therapy, and argon plasma coagulation (APC) have been developed as alternatives to surgical resection for early lesions. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to identify studies that statistically compare survival, disease-free survival, morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure, and mortality associated to cancer in the endoscopic and surgical therapies. Data sources: A systematic review of English and non-English articles using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, EBSCO, LILACS, Library University of São Paulo, Research websites BVS and SCOPE ScienceDirect. Study selection: Randomized Controlled Trial, Controlled Clinical Trial, Clinical Trial and Cohort Study. Criteria: Studies that statistically compare survival, disease-free survival, morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure, and mortality associated to cancer in the endoscopic and surgical therapies for early lesions of esophageal cancer. Data extraction: Independent extraction of articles by two authors using predefined data fields, including study quality indicators. In the search, I did not find any type of clinical trial; therefore, I extracted only retrospective comparative studies and analyzed statistically the results extracted. Limitation: Only prospective studies comparing the endoscopy and surgery therapies with heterogeneity. Results: Studies comparing surgical and endoscopic therapies showed in the procedure-related mortality, the difference was not significant; in the survival rates after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years were different and showed superiority of surgical therapies over time, these were apparently influenced by biases in selection of population, when this bias is removed, endoscopy is superior in control of mortality related to cancer with a high rate of disease recurrence; in regard to comorbidity and mortality associated with the procedure, endoscopy is superior. Conclusions and implications: There is no evidence from clinical trials. In these meta-analyses, surgical therapies showed superiority in survival, and endoscopic therapies showed superiority in control of mortality related to cancer with a high rate of disease recurrence; also, comorbidity and mortality associated with endoscopy are superior. Prospective, controlled trials with large sample sizes are required to confirm the results of this current meta-analysis. Systematic review registration number: CRD42014013170

Introdução: Embora o implante de marcapasso atrioventricular pela via endovenosa seja considerado o estado da arte, situações clínicas e técnicas que podem impossibilitar o implante transvenoso de cabos-eletrodos têm sido cada vez mais frequentes, tornando-se necessária a proposição de abordagens cirúrgicas alternativas. Objetivos: O presente estudo visou o implante de marcapasso atrioventricular utilizando nova técnica para implante de cabo-eletrodo atrial no átrio direito, com o objetivo de avaliar no período intra-operatório e nos 30 primeiros dias de seguimento: a segurança e a reprodutibilidade do procedimento cirúrgico; a taxa de deslocamento dos cabos-eletrodos; as condições de estimulação e sensibilidade; as alterações morfológicas na cavidade pericárdica e as alterações histopatológicas epimiocárdicas. Métodos: Sob anestesia geral, foram operados 10 porcos adultos da raça Large White. Os cabos-eletrodos foram implantados, sob visão direta, no ventrículo esquerdo e no átrio direito, pelo seio transverso, através de toracotomia anterolateral esquerda. As condições de estimulação e de sensibilidade para os cabos-eletrodos atrial e ventricular, nas configurações unipolar e bipolar, foram avaliadas no intra-operatório, pós-operatório imediato, no 7º e 30º dias de pós-operatório. Ao final do estudo, os animais foram reoperados por toracotomia longitudinal mediana para observação das aderências pericárdicas e análise das condições histopatológicas da junção entre o cabo-eletrodo e o epimiocárdico. Resultados: Todos os animais permaneceram vivos até o último dia do estudo, não tendo ocorrido complicações intra-operatórias graves. As condições de estimulação e sensibilidade para os cabos-eletrodos atriais e ventriculares, nas configurações unipolar e bipolar, mantiveram-se estáveis ao longo do estudo e apresentaram comportamento semelhante. Notou-se aumento progressivo dos limiares atriais, variando de 0,50 ± 0,38 a 1,86 ± 1,31 volts nos períodos intra-operatório e 30o pós-operatório, respectivamente. Comportamento semelhante foi observado para os limiares ventriculares, que variaram de 0,43 ± 0,23 volts, no intra-operatório, a 1,22 ± 0,49 volts, no 30o pós-operatório. As medidas de impedância atrial e ventricular apresentaram uma discreta queda ao longo do tempo, sendo que a impedância atrial variou de 486,80 ± 126,35 a 385,0 ± 80,52 Ohms no período intra-operatório e 30o pós-operatório, respectivamente. A impedância ventricular variou de 700,40 ± 203,67 Ohms, no intra-operatório, a 409,30 ± 58,96 Ohms, no 30o pós-operatório. A sensibilidade, tanto em átrio quanto em ventrículo, mostrou-se estável a partir do pós-operatório imediato. A inspeção da cavidade pericárdica mostrou aderências em todos os animais e em todas as regiões avaliadas, não sendo observados derrame ou constrição pericárdica. A análise microscópica mostrou que o contato com os cabos-eletrodos provocou espessamento do epimiocárdio no átrio direito, ventrículo esquerdo e na artéria pulmonar. A cicatriz formada na junção entre o cabo-eletrodo e o epimiocárdio atrial foi semelhante à formada na região do implante dos cabos-eletrodos ventriculares. Conclusões: O implante do cabo-eletrodo atrial direito pelo seio transverso foi seguro e reprodutível. A efetividade do procedimento foi confirmada pelas condições estáveis de estimulação e de sensibilidade durante o período de seguimento pós-operatório. A única alteração morfológica encontrada na cavidade pericárdica foi a formação de aderências. Ocorreu adequada cicatrização na junção entre o cabo eletrodo e o epimiocárdio atrial / Introduction: Although transvenous access for atrioventricular pacemaker implantation is considered the state of the art, clinical and technical situations that may impede transvenous leads implantation have become increasingly common, making it necessary the proposal of new surgical approaches. Objectives: The present study was design to perform the implant of atrioventricular pacemaker using a new technique for placement of the atrial lead in the right atrium, aiming to evaluate in the intraoperative period and during the first 30 days of follow-up: the safety and reproducibility of the surgical procedure; lead dislodgment rate; conditions of pacing and sensing; morphological changes in the pericardium, as well as, histopathological changes in the epimyocardium. Methods: A total of 10 Large White adult pigs underwent pacemaker implantation under general anesthesia. By using an anterolateral thoracotomy, leads were implanted under visual guidance in the left ventricle and in the right atrium through the transverse sinus. Pacing and sensing parameters, in unipolar and bipolar modes, were obtained during the intraoperative and immediate postoperative period and on the 7th and the 30th postoperative day. At the end of the study, all animals underwent reoperation by thoracotomy through a median longitudinal sternotomy for evaluation of pericardial adhesions and histopathological analysis of the junction between the lead and epimyocardial wall. Results: All animals were alive until the end of the study and there were no serious intraoperative complications. Pacing and sensing parameters for atrial and ventricular leads in both unipolar and bipolar modes remain stable throughout the study and showed similar performance. We observed a progressive increase in atrial thresholds, ranging from 0.50 ± 0.38 to 1.86 ± 1.31 volts, during the intraoperative and on the 30-day postoperative, respectively. Similar result was observed for ventricular thresholds, which ranged from 0.43 ± 0.23 volts, intraoperatively, to 1.22 ± 0.49 volts on the 30-day postoperative. Atrial and ventricular impedance measurements decreased slightly over time, and the atrial impedance ranged from 486.80 ± 126.35 to 385.0 ± 80.52 Ohms during the intraoperative and on the 30-day postoperative, respectively. Ventricular impedance ranged from 700.40 ± 203.67 Ohms, intraoperatively, to 409.30 ± 58.96 Ohms, on the 30-day postoperative. Both atrial and ventricular sensing measurements remain stable since the immediate postoperative period. Pericardial adhesions were found in all animals and in all studied regions. There was no noticeable pericardial effusion or myocardial constriction. Microscopic analysis showed that contact with the electrode had caused thickening of the right atrium, left ventricle and pulmonary artery. Similar scar formation was found at the interface between atrial lead and epimyocardial, such as ventricular lead and epimyocardial. Conclusion: Implantation of the right atrial lead through the transverse sinus was safe and reproducible. The effectiveness of the procedure was confirmed by stable conditions of pacing and sensing parameters throughout the postoperative follow-up. Pericardial adhesion was the only change found in the pericardial morphology. There was adequate scar formation between the interface of atrial lead and the epimyocardial

Finally, the system of vascular interventional radiology simulator is discussed by integrating all presented techniques and designing a trackball mouse based hardware sensors. Training experiments demonstrate that the presented techniques benefit rapid development of realistic and interactive vascular interventional radiology simulators. / Fourth, in order to clearly visualize vascular networks and the placement of instruments while treating the lesion, a physics-based simulation for angiography procedure is presented based on navier-stokes equation and semi-lagrangian method. The multi-scale vessel grid is reconstructed for flow distribution, and point sprites based rendering is adopted to preserve real-time visualization of the procedure. The experiments demonstrate that our results are more realistic compared to previous methods and are closer to the real angiography procedure. / In order to build a high fidelity interventional simulator for physician training and surgery planning, accurate reconstruction of three dimensional vascular network, real-time simulation of angiographic medium propagation and physics-based simulation of interaction between surgical instruments and vessel wall are absolutely indispensable. Thus, first, a methodology for geometric vascular modeling is proposed. As the reconstructed models are essential for many subsequent applications such as deformable modeling and visualization, a series of methods are proposed based on the parallel transport frames in order to maintain high mesh quality of these models. An improved bifurcation modeling method and two novel trifurcation modeling methods are developed based on 3D Bezier curve segments in order to ensure the continuous surface transition at furcations. To solve the twisting problem caused by frame mismatch of two successive furcations, a frame blending scheme is implemented. A curvature based adaptive sampling scheme combined with a mesh quality guided frame tilting algorithm is developed to construct an evenly distributed, non-concave and self-intersection free surface mesh. In terms of surface mesh quality criteria, our methodology can generate vascular models with better mesh quality than previous methods. / Second, we extend our geometric modeling method for illustrative visualization of vasculature, which is an indispensable component in medical education and training. Illustration of vasculature accentuates depth perception and provides a specific manner to identify the branching pattern and topology of vascular structure, which is crucial for therapy planning and real surgery in order to give an effective treatment. With advanced GPU acceleration techniques including render to texture (RTT) , framebuffer object (FBO) and fast image convolution, a real-time visualization can be achieved. / Third, an interactive simulation of angioplasty procedure is reported. To achieve an efficient modeling of soft tissue deformation and virtual device mechanics, mass spring models are adopted to construct the deformable models of vessel wall and stent. By designing a quasi-equilateral triangular mesh model of blood vessel and stent, a linear spring coefficients setting method is adopted to achieve the same accuracy compared with finite element method. With the employment of Physics Processing Unit (PPU), a real-time simulation of the interaction between blood vessel wall and surgical device is developed for vascular interventional radiology simulation. / Vascular diseases have been the leading cause of death worldwide. Interventional procedures are an increasingly promising therapy for treating vascular diseases, which are usually done by a guidewire-catheter combination under the fluoroscopic guidance. However, due to the complicated vascular network, bending of surgical instruments and the risk of vessel injury, these techniques need to be performed by highly trained and experienced specialists. Virtual reality based training of these procedures offers high flexibility and cost effective alternative. Furthermore, it allows training evaluation and accelerates learning process without risk to patients, therefore has distinct advantages than traditional training methods on animals or cadavers. / Guo, Jixiang. / Advisers: Pheng-Ann Heng; Tien-Tsin Wong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-06, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-111). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disorder of the nervous system that causes problems with movement (motor symptoms) as well as other problems such as mood disorders, cognitive changes, sleep disorders, constipation, pain, and other non-motor symptoms. The severity of PD symptoms worsens over time as the disease progresses, and while there are treatments for the motor and some non-motor symptoms there is no known cure for PD. Thus there is a high demand for therapies to slow the progressive neurodegeneration observed in PD. Two clinical trials at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine (NCT02369003, NCT01833364) are currently underway that aim to develop a disease-modifying therapy that slows the progression of PD. These clinical trials are evaluating the safety and feasibility of an autologous peripheral nerve graft to the substantia nigra in combination with Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of PD. By grafting peripheral nerve tissue to the Substantia Nigra, the researchers aim to introduce peripheral nerve tissue, which is capable of functional regeneration after injury, to the degenerating Substantia Nigra of patients with PD. The central hypothesis of these clinical trials is that the grafted tissue will slow degeneration of the target brain region through neural repair actions of Schwann cells as well as other pro-regenerative features of the peripheral nerve tissue. This dissertation details analysis of the peripheral nerve tissue used in the above clinical trials with respect to tissue composition and gene expression, both of injury-naive human peripheral nerve as well as the post-conditioning injury nerve tissue used in the grafting procedure. RNA-seq analysis of sural nerve tissue pre and post-conditioning show significant changes in gene expression corresponding with transdifferentiation of Schwann cells from a myelinating to a repair phenotype, release of growth factors, activation of macrophages and other immune cells, and an increase in anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective gene transcripts. These results reveal in vivo gene expression changes involved in the human peripheral nerve injury repair process, which has relevance beyond this clinical trial to the fields of Schwann cell biology and peripheral nerve repair. To assess the neurobiology of the graft post-implantation we developed an animal model of the grafting procedure, termed Neuro-Avatars, which feature human graft tissue implanted into athymic nude rats. Survival and infiltration of human graft cells into the host brain were shown using immunohistochemistry of Human Nuclear Antigen. Surgical methods and outcomes from the ongoing development of this animal model are reported. To connect the results of these laboratory studies to the clinical trial we compared the severity of motor symptoms before surgery to one year post-surgery in patients who received the analyzed graft tissue. Motor symptom severity was assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III. Finally, the implications and future directions of this research is discussed. In summary, this dissertation advances the translational science cycle by using clinical trial findings and samples to answer basic science questions that will in turn guide future clinical trial design.

Immediate Breast Reconstruction Surgery (IBRS) is associated with better quality of life among women who undergo a mastectomy. Despite insurance coverage for IBRS, utilization of IBRS remains low. Data from publicly available sources for 2010-2012 are used to examine the association between hospital characteristics receipt of IBRS by patients. Minority-serving status, low bed size, for-profit ownership, non-teaching status, high competition, low density of plastic surgeons in the market and non-metropolitan location are associated with lower likelihood of receipt of IBRS. Racial and ethnic minorities are less likely to receive IBRS. A mixed effects logistic regression model with interactions between Black/Hispanic race/ethnicity and hospital variables is estimated to examine whether certain hospital characteristics are associated with disparately low receipt of IBRS for racial and ethnic minorities. Minority-serving hospitals located in markets with a higher density of plastic surgeons and higher competition characteristics are associated with disparately low receipt of IBRS for racial and ethnic minorities. In order to reduce racial/ ethnic differences in receipt of IBRS, it is important to understand which factors contribute the most to these differences. Fairlie decomposition is used to examine the contribution of multi-level factors to racial and ethnic differences in receipt of IBRS. Racial and ethnic differences in being Medicaid insured, residing in low-income neighborhoods and receiving care at minority-serving hospitals are the three largest contributors to racial and ethnic differences in receipt of IBRS. The results from this study have significant implications for access to IBRS among racial and ethnic minority patients.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-045.pdf: 1293717 bytes, checksum: aa77a18d9ad66fac463c08766304abf5 (MD5) / Objetivo: avaliar os resultados anatômicos, funcionais e complicações do tratamento do prolapso da parede vaginal anterior com tela de submucosa de intestino delgado suíno (SIS) e com colporrafia anterior. Pacientes e Métodos: estudo prospectivo e randomizado para comparação do uso de tela de SIS e de colporrafia tradicional. As mulheres foram avaliadas no pré-operatório e com seis meses após a cirurgia. Os parâmetros utilizados foram: sistema de quantificação do prolapso genital (POP-Q), questionário de qualidade de vida validado (P-QoL) e complicações. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Mann-Whitney e Qui-quadrado para avaliação da homogeneidade entre os grupos. A seguir, utilizamos o teste t-Student pareado ou teste t-Student de amostras independentes. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética Local e registrado no ClinicalTrials com o número NCT00827528. Resultados: os resultados representam a análise de 29 pacientes no grupo com tela de SIS e 27 no grupo com colporrafia tradicional. Os grupos foram semelhantes consoante idade, índice de massa corpórea, paridade, estádio do prolapso, cirurgia prévia para prolapso, presença de incontinência urinária de esforço, pontuação no questionário de qualidade de vida e medidas dos pontos anatômicos no pré-operatório. Com seis meses de seguimento, a taxa de cura anatômica no grupo com tela foi de 86,2% comparada com 59,3% no grupo da colporrafia, pelo critério da Sociedade Internacional de Continência (ICS). Não houve diferença de sucesso anatômico entre as técnicas quando consideramos a subdivisão do estádio II. A média do ponto Ba, pré-operatória, no grupo com tela foi de +2,07 cm e +2,22 cm na colporrafia e, no pós-operatório, de -1,93 cm (p<0,001) e de -1,37 cm (p<0,001), respectivamente. O NNT (Número Necessário a Tratar) foi 4. Ambos os procedimentos melhoraram de forma significativa as medidas de qualidade de vida. Contudo, o grupo com tela não demonstrou diferença quando comparado ao da colporrafia tradicional. Houve 4 pacientes com sangramento excessivo no grupo SIS, embora nenhuma requereu hemotransfusão. Observamos maior número de complicações no grupo SIS (20 vs 9; p=0,01) e maior tempo cirúrgico (48,3 min ±16,1 vs 30,3min ±19,4; p=0,001). O tempo de internação hospitalar foi de 3,3 e 3,2 dias, respectivamente. Não houve casos de infecção ou de erosão da tela. Conclusão: As cirurgias para o prolapso genital resultam em melhora significativa da qualidade de vida. Observamos melhor cura anatômica do ponto Ba com tela, de acordo com o critério da ICS. Consoante os parâmetros de qualidade de vida não houve diferença entre as técnicas. Houve maior número de complicações no grupo com tela. / Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate anatomical, functional results and complications of small intestine submucosa (SIS) graft compared to traditional anterior repair in surgical treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Methods: This is a randomized and prospective study to compare the SIS graft with traditional colporrhaphy (TC) in surgical treatment of anterior vaginal prolapse. Subjects were randomized to SIS (n=29) or to TC (n=27) and compared preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. We used pelvic organ quantification system (POP-Q), a validated prolapse quality of life questionnaire (P-QoL) and possible complications. Data were compared using the Mann–Whitney test or a chi-squared test to determine that there were no significant intergroup differences. This then enabled us to use the independent samples t-test or the paired Student’s t-test. This study was approved by Local Ethics Committee and register at ClinicalTrials NCT00827528. Results: the outcomes represent the analysis of 29 patients in SIS group and 27 in traditional repair. Both groups were paired by age, parity, body mass index, stage of anterior prolapse, previous surgery for prolapse, presence of incontinence, POP-Q measurements and quality of life preoperatively. At 6-month follow-up, SIS group have 86.2% anatomic cure comparing with 59.3% in traditional repair, using the International Continence Society (ICS) patterns. We did not report differences between the techniques when we divided the stage II. The mean point Ba preoperatively in SIS group was +2.07 cm and +2.22 cm in traditional repair and postoperatively -1.93 cm (p<0.001) and -1.37 cm (p<0.001), respectively. The NNT (Number Need to Treat) was 4. Both operations significantly improved prolapse quality-of-life severity measures. Although SIS group did not showed significant improvement in quality-of-life parameters measured in comparison to traditional repair. Excessive bleeding occurred in 4 patients in SIS group although none required blood transfusion. We reported more complications in SIS group (20 vs 9, p=0.01) and longer surgical time (48.3min ±16.1 vs 30.3min ±19.4; p=0.001). The average hospital length was 3.3 and 3.2 days, respectively. We did not reported infections or erosion of the mesh. Conclusions: Surgery for vaginal prolapse results in marked improvement in prolapse quality of life. We could see that SIS repair improved point Ba measurement significantly using the ICS patterns. Regarding quality-of-life parameters we did not observe significant differences in both techniques. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações