本文探討評價可解約分紅保單（Participating Policy）。該保單隱含二個重要的選擇權：分紅選擇權與解約選擇權。分紅選擇權為一歐式買權，解約選擇權可視為美式賣權。Bacinello（2003）使用CRR模型，計算解約選擇權的近似解，然而，Bacinello（2003）假設無風險利率為常數。本文主要探討如何利用無套利評價法，在隨機利率模型下，發展二維度之CRR模型，利用此模型，求得分紅選擇權與解約選擇權之公平價格，並討論利率的波動與長期走勢對該保單的選擇權的價格之影響。本文發現，保單之投資參考組合的波動，將對分紅選擇權的價格造成影響，而利率的波動會導致解約選擇權價格上升；當未來預期利率上升時，分紅選擇權與解約選擇權亦隨之上升。此評價模式可作為保險公司發行分紅保單與避險策略之參考。 / Bacinello (2003a) employed Cox-Ross-Rubinstein model (CRR model, 1979) to numerically calculate the fair value of a participating policy containing a surrender option. Bacinello assumed a constant rate of return on risk-free assets. However, this study proposes a two-dimensional CRR model in a stochastic interest rate model as a means of providing a numerical method for contract pricing. The two-dimensional CRR model converges rapidly and achieves similar results to Monte Carlo simulation. Two-dimensional CRR models are used to analyze the importance and sensitivity of a stochastic interest rate model for the policy. Zero coupon bond volatility is an essential parameter in the surrender option, and reference portfolio volatility is important for pricing the participating option. The participating and surrender options are more valuable given upwards trending interest rates than constant or downwards trending rates.

This thesis aims at contributing to the study of the valuation of insurance liabilities and the management of the assets backing these liabilities. It consists of four parts, each devoted to a specific topic. In the first part, we study the pricing of a classical single premium life insurance contract with profit, in terms of a guaranteed rate on the premium and a participation rate on the (terminal) financial surplus. We argue that, given the asset allocation of the insurer, these technical parameters should be determined by taking explicitly into account the risk management policy of the insurance company, in terms of a risk measure such as the value-at-risk or the conditional value-at-risk. We then design a methodology that allows us to fix both parameters in such a way that the contract is fairly priced and simultaneously exhibits a risk consistent with the risk management policy. In the second part, we focus on the management of the surrender option embedded in most life insurance contracts. In Chapter 2, we argue that we should model the surrender time as a random time not adapted to the filtration generated by the financial assets prices, instead of assuming that the surrender time is an optimal stopping time as it is usual in the actuarial literature. We then study the valuation of insurance contracts with a surrender option in such a model. We here follow the financial literature on the default risk and in particular, the reduced-form models. In Chapter 3 and 4, we study the hedging strategies of such insurance contracts. In Chapter 3, we study their risk-minimizing strategies and in Chapter 4, we focus on their ``locally risk-minimizing' strategies. As a by-product, we study the impact of a progressive enlargement of filtration on the so-called ``minimal martingale measure'. The third part is devoted to the systematic mortality risk. Due to its systematic nature, this risk cannot be diversified through increasing the size of the portfolio. It is thus also important to study the hedging strategies an insurer should follow to mitigate its exposure to this risk. In Chapter 5, we study the risk-minimizing strategies for a life insurance contract when no mortality-linked financial assets are traded on the financial market. We here extend Dahl and Moller’s results and show that the risk-minimizing strategy of a life insurance contract is given by a weighted average of risk-minimizing strategies of purely financial claims, where the weights are given by the (stochastic) survival probabilities. In Chapter 6, we first study the application of the HJM methodology to the modelling of a longevity bonds market and describe a coherent theoretical setting in which we can properly define the longevity bond prices. Then, we study the risk-minimizing strategies for pure endowments and annuities portfolios when these longevity bonds are traded. Finally, the fourth part deals with the design of ALM strategies for a non-life insurance portfolio. In particular, this chapter aims at studying the risk-minimizing strategies for a non life insurance company when inflation risk and interest rate risk are taken into account. We derive the general form of these strategies when the cumulative payments of the insurer are described by an arbitrary increasing process adapted to the natural filtration of a general marked point process and when the inflation and the term structure of interest rates are simultaneously described by the HJM model of Jarrow and Yildirim. We then systematically apply this result to four specific models of insurance claims. We first study two ``collective' models. We then study two ``individual' models where the claims are notified at a random time and settled through time.

解約風險為壽險公司承保風險中最重要之風險，文獻指出若於保單定價時忽略解約率可能為動態，將影響壽險公司損益、資產配置、資金流動性及風險管理計畫。本研究將以保費及準備金試算進行實證研究，觀察以傳統精算方式定價(忽略解約率為動態)將對保費及準備金之計算造成多少誤差。 本研究首先使用台灣壽險業1987年至2011年之生死合險、終身壽險解約率資料，並透過主成分分析、模擬主成分分數並將其轉回各保單年度解約率，以完成動態解約率之模擬。接著以30歲男性為對象，計算不同情境下之保費及準備金。最後比較不同情境下之保費及準備金差異以了解忽略隨機解約率對保單定價之影響程度。 實證結果顯示，考量隨機解約率與否對生死合險保費計算稍有影響但不明顯，但若長期累積觀察，是否考量隨機解約率對生死合險準備金有顯著影響。本研究使用之終身壽險解約率模型與利率無關、僅受其自身隨機效果影響，故是否考量隨機解約率對終身壽險保費及準備金之影響程度皆不大。

當保險契約被發行時，保險公司必須被要求盡可能的具備承擔未來不可知的風險的能力。本文將死亡風險、利率風險、脫退風險以及流動性風險引入，並針對生死合險契約進行盈餘分析。在此以 Vasicek (1977) 所提出之隨機利率模型、根據被保險人理性行為作為基礎之脫退模型以及引入簡化後的 Longstaff、Mithal與Nies (2005)流動性風險債券價格來描述各種風險。根據上述模型假設下計算保費及準備金，遂以蒙地卡羅模擬法量化源於各種風險之盈餘。最後，本文計算保險公司之盈餘對各風險參數之敏感度分析，並計算各期破產與發生流動性問題之可能性。 / Once insurance contracts are issued, the insurers should be capable to deal with the unknown conditions in the future as possible. In this paper, we analyze the impact of mortality, interest rate, surrender and liquidity risks on the surplus of endowment contract. We model the interest rate risk by Vasicek model, the surrender rate based on the rational behavior of policyholders and introduce the discounted price of zero coupon bonds as the liquidity risk. Under such assumptions, we compute the premium and reserve, demonstrate the simulated insurance surplus, and finally exhibit the statistics of the surplus from different sources. The simulated results show the sensitivity of the surplus to the parameters of the risks. At the same time, we also show the probabilities of insolvency and illiquidity of the insurer before the maturity date of the contract due to the fluctuating surrender rate and liquidity risk resulting from the stochastic interest rate.

Submitted by Ana Carla Almeida (ana.almeida@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-14T19:49:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao lorena brandao portella 2013 familia.pdf: 1149865 bytes, checksum: 02043478d877388a9d31e7b9692f8620 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-21T20:02:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao lorena brandao portella 2013 familia.pdf: 1149865 bytes, checksum: 02043478d877388a9d31e7b9692f8620 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T20:02:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao lorena brandao portella 2013 familia.pdf: 1149865 bytes, checksum: 02043478d877388a9d31e7b9692f8620 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi compreender a entrega do filho recém-nascido a partir da motivação e dos sentimentos da mãe que a realiza. Denominada mãe abandonante, essa mulher que não deseja maternar pode deixar seu filho em condições perigosas ou entrega-lo para adoção, e este trabalho diferencia abandono de entrega. Seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa foram entrevistadas duas gerações de mães abandonantes [de quarenta e três anos de idade e vinte anos de idade] que já abandonaram alguns filhos entre zero e três anos [já tiveram sete e dois filhos respectivamente], e através de entrevista buscou-se motivações e sentimentos que se acercaram do enjeitamento. Para tanto, foi necessário avaliar e descrever o cotidiano de cada figura feminina sob diferentes etapas do ciclo de vida. As categorias utilizadas para analisar as aproximações e distanciamentos das duas jornadas foram infância, adolescência/juventude, iniciação sexual, maternidade, filhos e relação com parceiros, entrega de filhos. O que fica claro com o estudo é que essa entrega reflete a história de vida de cada uma e que os sentimentos e motivações são complexos e só podem ser analisados de per si. O estudo conclui que abandono gera abandono e, que nessa perspectiva, quem não teve um modelo de apego seguro com seus genitores, ou cuidador, estará mais propenso ao enjeitamento. / This study discusses the process of child abandonment in maternal perspective, identifying the birthmother’s profile and the relationship of her life story with this denial. In light of the literature this phenomenon is surrounded by factors of personal, family, social or economic issues that contribute for a mother to give up her son for adoption and is related in this research. The birthmother is the one who abandons leaving or delivering the child to be cared for by others and this research seeks to differentiate abandonment from giving to adoption. We interviewed two generations of birthmothers [forty-three and twenty years of age] who have already left some children between zero and three years [seven and two children respectively] through the interview and looked up motivations and feelings that have approached the abandonment. Therefore, it was necessary to evaluate and describe the daily life of each female figure under different stages of the life cycle. The categories used to analyze the similarities and differences of the two women were: childhood, adolescence/ youth, sexual initiation, maternity, children and relationship with partners, delivering children. What is clear from the study is that this delivery or abandonment reflects the life history of each one, and that the feelings and motivations are complex and can only be analyzed in each case. The study concludes that negligence generates abandonment, which in this perspective, those who did not have a model of secure attachment with their parent or caregiver, will be more prone to abandonment.

In South African insolvency law, in as much as debt relief measures are contained in three pieces of legislation, a discharge from debt is only available to an insolvent debtor whose estate has been sequestrated and he is eventually rehabilitated. The history of South African insolvency law indicates a developmental change from a ‘harsh creditor-orientated’ approach to a ‘debtor-friendly’ approach. However, the advantage for creditors’ requirement is now firmly embedded in the Insolvency Act 24 of 1936. This requirement is not defined in the Insolvency Act but has been largely interpreted by the courts and stringently applied. It is only once the applicant for the sequestration order has extinguished the burden of proving this requirement, amongst others, will the court exercise its judicial discretion to grant or refuse the order. Consequently, this requirement creates a stumbling block for debtors wishing to use the sequestration process as a debt relief measure and force discharge of their debts on their creditors. The sequestration process is aimed at the advantage of creditors and not the relief of debtors. Overburdened debtors seeking debt relief who cannot prove advantage of creditors are therefore not considered in sequestration applications. However, although debt relief is not a primary object of the Insolvency Act, it is an indirect consequence of the sequestration process when the insolvent debtor is rehabilitated. The Insolvency Act almost deals with every aspect of the different classes of creditors while there is no provision of the different classes of debtors who can and those who cannot prove an advantage to creditors. This serves as an indication that there is an imbalance between creditors’ and debtors’ interests. The study seeks to analyse the effect of the advantage requirement on sequestration applications from a debtor’s perspective. The alternative debt relief measures available to debtors when pursued by their creditors as contained in the Magistrates` Court Act 32 of 1944 and the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 are examined. It is submitted that South Africa does not provide the required sufficient debt relief because the administration orders and debt review in addition to other deficiencies, do not provide debtors with a statutory discharge from debts. The South African Law Reform Commission in the 2000 Insolvency Bill has recommended that the advantage for creditors’ requirement be retained in the new Insolvency Act. In a comparative survey, various legal systems are considered to investigate how the issue of finding a balance between debtors’ and creditors’ interests in insolvency law is dealt with. To accommodate all debtors, it is then submitted that the advantage requirement should not be retained in the Insolvency Act. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

資本市場之系統性風險加劇時，對於利率變動型人壽保險所持有之區隔資產將出現大幅波動，進而影響保險公司之清償能力，本研究透過建立區隔資產負債表之隨機模型，檢視系統性風險下對於人壽保險業違約風險之變化，並透過敏感度分析找出對違約風險影響最大的因子。 本研究依據利率變動型壽險之現金流量建立公司之資產負債模型，預期建立Heston (1993)模型描述標的資產的隨機波動過程，相較於以往Black-Scholes (1973)模型更能反映真實的市場波動。本研究藉由資產與負債的變化，衡量保險公司違約風險，同時分析影響違約風險之各項因子，包含解約、死亡與資產配置策略之關聯性。本研究結果顯示，宣告利率、評價時間長度及資產配置策略等皆會影響保險公司之違約風險及其破產幅度。 / When systemic risk of capital markets exacerbates, the segment assets that held by interest sensitive life insurance policies will fluctuate widely and affect insurer's solvency. This paper considers the problem of valuating the default risk of the life insurers under systematic risk, by constructing a stochastic model of segment balance sheet. In this paper, we establish insurer's asset-liability model on the basis of interest sensitive life insurance policies' cash flow.In particular, we use Heston(1993) model to simulate stochastic process of assets, which is better reflect market volatility than Black-Scholes(1973) model in reality. And moreover, by means of the variation on asset and liability, this study evaluating the default risk of life insurers and analyze the factors affect default risk, like the correlation between surrender, death and asset allocation. And using the result of sensitivity analysis to determine which factor is more important, like guaranteed rate, time period of valuation and so on.

Thèse réalisée en cotutelle (Université de Montréal et Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7) / Antonin Artaud et Jean Genet ont respectivement connu l’enfermement asilaire et carcéral. Ils conçoivent tous les deux l’écriture comme le théâtre, sur le même plan que la vie, et partagent en outre la même conviction que la littérature, comme toute forme d’art, peut quelque chose pour nous. Malgré leurs nombreux points de contact biographiques, poétiques et éthiques, leurs œuvres n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’un rapprochement exclusif, une étonnante lacune que l’introduction substantielle de cette étude se donne pour tâche d’éclairer. En fait, si les œuvres d’Artaud et de Genet sont souvent comparées, c’est invariablement de façon limitée : brièvement, par le biais d’un tiers auteur et au plan du théâtre. Or toute leur écriture est théâtrale : c’est la prémisse sur laquelle se base ce travail qui constitue, donc, la première étude comparative approfondie de leurs œuvres. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions la conception du théâtre d’Artaud et de Genet dans la perspective de la tragédie qu’ils privilégient, parce qu’ils estiment primordiale la reprise vivante de l’œuvre par chacun de nous. En fait, nous nous intéressons à Genet et Artaud aussi bien en tant qu’écrivains que lecteurs, en analysant la manière singulière dont ils puisent l’un et l’autre de grandes figures dans les textes de la mythologie, de la littérature et de l’histoire pour les faire intervenir, indifféremment de leur provenance, dans leur propre texte. Pour démontrer ce travail de "reconfiguration" tout à la fois biographique, esthétique et éthique chez Artaud et Genet, nous analysons leur traitement de la figure tragique par excellence d’Antigone, dans "Antigone chez les Français" et "Journal du voleur". Dans un second temps, nous examinons comment Artaud et Genet s’en prennent à la dialectique du jugement qui préside à la lecture univoque qu’ils récusent : d’une part, par la conjuration, dans les textes qu’ils rédigent en 1948 pour une même série radiophonique, "Pour en finir avec le jugement de dieu" et "L’Enfant criminel" (tous deux censurés) et, d’autre part, par la révélation, en pratiquant ce que nous appelons une écriture de l’évanouissement – qui n’a rien de sublime, qui ne conserve en fait de la relève hégélienne que la structure du coup de théâtre, à savoir l’interruption qu’elle introduit dans la délibération de la conscience. Nous analysons alors les commentaires de dessins d’Artaud et les nombreuses scènes d’évanouissement dans l’œuvre de Genet. Dans un troisième temps, nous suggérons d’approcher de manière éthique les troublants termes de "cruauté" et de "trahison" qu’Artaud et Genet nous ont légués. Plus que des notions, celles-ci, avançons-nous, sont des méthodes visant l’acquisition d’un nouveau mode de lecture. Par l’entremise de ces concepts anti-conceptuels, Artaud et Genet nous invitent en fait à vivre comme ils écrivent et lisent : à "voire" la réalité. Pour le démontrer, nous proposons une micro-lecture du "Théâtre et son double" d’Artaud au regard de "La Sentence" de Genet, texte dont la publication toute récente vient confirmer la pertinence du rapprochement que nous établissons dans cette étude. / Antonin Artaud and Jean Genet experienced confinement in an asylum and a prison respectively. They both also conceived of writing as theatre, on the same level of tragedy as life, and shared the same conviction that literature, like all forms of art, has the power to do something for us. Despite their many points of contact in terms of biography, poetics, and ethics, their works have never been the object of an exclusive comparative study, a surprising omission that the substantial introduction of this study sets out to elucidate. In fact, if the works of Artaud and Genet are often compared, it is inevitably in a limited fashion: briefly, via a third author, and in terms of the theatre. Yet all their writing is theatrical: it is the premise on which this, the first full-length comparative study of their works, is based. Firstly, I study Artaud and Genet’s conception of theatre from the perspective of the tragic which they both privilege, because above all they value the reanimation of their work performed by the reader. In fact, I engage with Genet and Artaud as both writers and readers, analysing the singular way in which each takes great figures from mythology, literature, and history, in order to introduce them, irrespective of their provenance, into their own works. To demonstrate this work of "reconfiguration" in Artaud and Genet, which is at once biographical, aesthetic, and ethical, I analyse their treatment of Antigone, in "Antigone chez les Français" and "Journal du voleur". Secondly, I examine how Artaud and Genet defy the dialectic of judgement ruling the univocal reading which they oppose. In part, I focus on their defiance in the texts that they composed in 1948 for the same radio broadcast, "Pour en finir avec le jugement de dieu" and "L’Enfant criminel" (both of which were censored). And in part I focus on the defiance they practice by way of a revelation that I call a writing of fainting—which has nothing of the sublime in it, which in fact only retains the structure of the interruption from the Hegelian Aufhebung, that is to say the coup de theatre that it introduces in the deliberation of consciousness. I further analyse the commentaries of Artaud on his drawings and numerous scenes of fainting in Genet’s works. Thirdly, I put forward an ethical way of approaching the troubling terms "cruelty" and "treason" that Artaud and Genet have bequeathed us. More than being notions, I propose, these are methods aiming towards a new mode of reading. By the intervention of these anti-conceptual concepts Artaud and Genet invite us to live in the same way they write and read, that is to say in the same way they "see" the multiplicities of reality. As an exemplification, I advance a close reading of Artaud’s "Théâtre et son double" in relation to Genet’s "La Sentence"—a text whose recent publication confirms the pertinence of the comparative approach taken in this study.

This work brings the mysticism of Eckhart Tolle, spiritual teacher who combines his teaching various spiritual movements and religions. Tolle 's non-denominational teachings addressed to anyone looking for a way to break free from the drawbacks that entails today's way of life . Includes biography Eckhart Tolle . There are Tolle explains the main concepts of mind as mind , consciousness , being, ego , emotional body ( pain ), presence , silence, space , acceptance , surrender, awakening and liberation. The work shows Tolle confrontation to Christianity , Vedic teachings , Buddhism, Taoism, gnosis , Islam , and European philosophy and thinking. Critical responses to Tolle teachings are mostly positive. Tolle's non-dogmatic attitude precedes negative criticism . Briefly mentioned last Tolle 's actions concerning the school website for the book A New Earth Oprah Winfrey moderated . The like-minded personalities are exploring our spirituality detailed description of Edward Thomas as an important representative of Czech spiritual connection with yogic philosophy and practice, Jill Bolte Taylor, neuro ananatomist whose research activities and conclusions drawn from it , have a remarkable conformity with the teachings of Tolle . In conclusion, pointing to Eckhart Tolle as an important teacher of conscious...

Antonin Artaud et Jean Genet ont respectivement connu l’enfermement asilaire et carcéral. Ils conçoivent tous les deux l’écriture comme le théâtre, sur le même plan que la vie, et partagent en outre la même conviction que la littérature, comme toute forme d’art, peut quelque chose pour nous. Malgré leurs nombreux points de contact biographiques, poétiques et éthiques, leurs œuvres n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’un rapprochement exclusif, une étonnante lacune que l’introduction substantielle de cette étude se donne pour tâche d’éclairer. En fait, si les œuvres d’Artaud et de Genet sont souvent comparées, c’est invariablement de façon limitée : brièvement, par le biais d’un tiers auteur et au plan du théâtre. Or toute leur écriture est théâtrale : c’est la prémisse sur laquelle se base ce travail qui constitue, donc, la première étude comparative approfondie de leurs œuvres. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions la conception du théâtre d’Artaud et de Genet dans la perspective de la tragédie qu’ils privilégient, parce qu’ils estiment primordiale la reprise vivante de l’œuvre par chacun de nous. En fait, nous nous intéressons à Genet et Artaud aussi bien en tant qu’écrivains que lecteurs, en analysant la manière singulière dont ils puisent l’un et l’autre de grandes figures dans les textes de la mythologie, de la littérature et de l’histoire pour les faire intervenir, indifféremment de leur provenance, dans leur propre texte. Pour démontrer ce travail de "reconfiguration" tout à la fois biographique, esthétique et éthique chez Artaud et Genet, nous analysons leur traitement de la figure tragique par excellence d’Antigone, dans "Antigone chez les Français" et "Journal du voleur". Dans un second temps, nous examinons comment Artaud et Genet s’en prennent à la dialectique du jugement qui préside à la lecture univoque qu’ils récusent : d’une part, par la conjuration, dans les textes qu’ils rédigent en 1948 pour une même série radiophonique, "Pour en finir avec le jugement de dieu" et "L’Enfant criminel" (tous deux censurés) et, d’autre part, par la révélation, en pratiquant ce que nous appelons une écriture de l’évanouissement – qui n’a rien de sublime, qui ne conserve en fait de la relève hégélienne que la structure du coup de théâtre, à savoir l’interruption qu’elle introduit dans la délibération de la conscience. Nous analysons alors les commentaires de dessins d’Artaud et les nombreuses scènes d’évanouissement dans l’œuvre de Genet. Dans un troisième temps, nous suggérons d’approcher de manière éthique les troublants termes de "cruauté" et de "trahison" qu’Artaud et Genet nous ont légués. Plus que des notions, celles-ci, avançons-nous, sont des méthodes visant l’acquisition d’un nouveau mode de lecture. Par l’entremise de ces concepts anti-conceptuels, Artaud et Genet nous invitent en fait à vivre comme ils écrivent et lisent : à "voire" la réalité. Pour le démontrer, nous proposons une micro-lecture du "Théâtre et son double" d’Artaud au regard de "La Sentence" de Genet, texte dont la publication toute récente vient confirmer la pertinence du rapprochement que nous établissons dans cette étude. / Antonin Artaud and Jean Genet experienced confinement in an asylum and a prison respectively. They both also conceived of writing as theatre, on the same level of tragedy as life, and shared the same conviction that literature, like all forms of art, has the power to do something for us. Despite their many points of contact in terms of biography, poetics, and ethics, their works have never been the object of an exclusive comparative study, a surprising omission that the substantial introduction of this study sets out to elucidate. In fact, if the works of Artaud and Genet are often compared, it is inevitably in a limited fashion: briefly, via a third author, and in terms of the theatre. Yet all their writing is theatrical: it is the premise on which this, the first full-length comparative study of their works, is based. Firstly, I study Artaud and Genet’s conception of theatre from the perspective of the tragic which they both privilege, because above all they value the reanimation of their work performed by the reader. In fact, I engage with Genet and Artaud as both writers and readers, analysing the singular way in which each takes great figures from mythology, literature, and history, in order to introduce them, irrespective of their provenance, into their own works. To demonstrate this work of "reconfiguration" in Artaud and Genet, which is at once biographical, aesthetic, and ethical, I analyse their treatment of Antigone, in "Antigone chez les Français" and "Journal du voleur". Secondly, I examine how Artaud and Genet defy the dialectic of judgement ruling the univocal reading which they oppose. In part, I focus on their defiance in the texts that they composed in 1948 for the same radio broadcast, "Pour en finir avec le jugement de dieu" and "L’Enfant criminel" (both of which were censored). And in part I focus on the defiance they practice by way of a revelation that I call a writing of fainting—which has nothing of the sublime in it, which in fact only retains the structure of the interruption from the Hegelian Aufhebung, that is to say the coup de theatre that it introduces in the deliberation of consciousness. I further analyse the commentaries of Artaud on his drawings and numerous scenes of fainting in Genet’s works. Thirdly, I put forward an ethical way of approaching the troubling terms "cruelty" and "treason" that Artaud and Genet have bequeathed us. More than being notions, I propose, these are methods aiming towards a new mode of reading. By the intervention of these anti-conceptual concepts Artaud and Genet invite us to live in the same way they write and read, that is to say in the same way they "see" the multiplicities of reality. As an exemplification, I advance a close reading of Artaud’s "Théâtre et son double" in relation to Genet’s "La Sentence"—a text whose recent publication confirms the pertinence of the comparative approach taken in this study. / Thèse réalisée en cotutelle (Université de Montréal et Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7)