Inserindo-se nos debates sobre pobreza e cidade no Brasil, a pesquisa aborda os nexos entre deslocamentos habitacionais, mobilidades socioespaciais, dinâmicas familiares e políticas urbanas nos processos recentes de produção do espaço urbano. A tese parte do argumento de que, em um contexto de reconfiguração do mundo social e ressignificação das categorias fundadoras dos territórios periféricos, em curso no país nas últimas décadas, também o espaço urbano se reconfigura: nesse sentido, direciona-se a refletir, de modo articulado, sobre as dimensões sociais e territoriais dessas mudanças e permanências. Tomando como base a realização de uma pesquisa de campo de caráter etnográfico na cidade de São Carlos - SP, são investigadas trajetórias urbanas de moradores de periferias que, nas últimas décadas, transitaram pela cidade em busca de moradia, bem como os cruzamentos, tangenciamentos ou desencontros com as políticas urbanas e habitacionais empreendidas nesse mesmo período. Tais trajetórias são encaradas como uma entrada privilegiada para o estudo das dinâmicas socioespaciais envolvidas em processos situados de produção, apropriação e significação das periferias urbanas, ao permitir apreender tais processos nas injunções entre espaço e sociedade. A tese delineia uma cartografia espaço-temporal de territorialidades e experiências urbanas ditas marginais ou periféricas, revelando cidades outras: cidades feitas de desenraizamentos, vulnerabilidades e ajustes, mas também de relações, simbolizações e projetos, cuja multiplicidade de dimensões históricas, concepções em ato ou devires possíveis somente se dão a apreender a partir das práticas e narrativas dos sujeitos. Estabelece, assim, um diálogo sobre as dobras que configuram, simultaneamente, territórios, subjetividades e sensibilidades; percursos, narrativas e espaços; pobreza, experiência urbana e cidades; produção de conhecimento e produção do espaço. / Being inserted in debates about poverty and cities in Brazil, the research deals with the links among housing displacements, socio-spatial mobility, family dynamics and urban policies in recent processes of urban space production. The dissertation starts from the argument that, in the context of reconfiguration of the social world and re-signification of the founding categories of surrounding territories, in progress in the country in recent decades, the urban space is also reconfigured: in this sense, it is directed to reflect, in an articulated way, about social and territorial dimensions of these changes and continuities. Based on the completion of an ethnographic field research in the city of São Carlos - SP, it investigates urban trajectories of residents of surrounding areas who, over the last decades, passed through the city in search of housing, as well as the crossings, tangents or divergences with the urban and housing policies undertaken during the same period. Such trajectories are faced as a prime input for the study of socio-spatial dynamics involved in situated processes of production, appropriation and significance of urban surrounding areas, while allowing for apprehending such processes in the injunctions between space and society. The dissertation outlines a spatio-temporal cartography of urban territorialities and experiences considered marginal or peripheral, revealing other cities: cities made out of uprooting, vulnerabilities and adjustments, but also of relationships, symbolizations and projects, whose multiplicity of historical dimensions, conceptions in act or possible future ones, take place just to be apprehended as from the practices and narratives of the subjects. A dialogue is thus established on the folds that simultaneously shape territories, subjectivities and sensibilities; pathways, narratives and spaces; poverty, urban experience and cities; production of knowledge and production of space.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:54:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA APARECIDA CANDINE DE BRITO.pdf: 729592 bytes, checksum: 6b0a0f1382f8ba641d484b55eafc2c9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-27 / Computer science is present in all the spheres of the social life. Having been white of official speeches, academic works and scientific productions in that it says respect to its potential in the education and, in special way, in the educative process. All this speech sends to the ways of appropriation and incorporation, for the professors, of the computer in its practical pedagogical, of form to restore qualitative differences in the activities to teach and to learn. This work approaches the use of the computer in the school, focusing it of the point of view of practical the pedagogical ones used in the LIE (Educative Laboratory of Computer science) of the State Net of Goiânia. The objective is to understand as it comes being a refugee the use of the computers in the LIE of schools of the State Net of Goiânia, being identified the dynamics of the pedagogical action in the educative process. The qualitative boarding was used, for allowing the investigator to apprehend the problematic one in the context where it also places itself and to detect elements that, increased the estimated theoreticians, will be able to contribute better to understand it in its dynamics and its contradictions. The research was carried through in seven public schools of Average Education of the State Net of Education of Goiânia, Goiás. Those possess Laboratories of Educative Computer science with Cyber Environment. The following instruments of collection of data had been used: informal comment, questionnaires, colloquies and daily of field. The main theoreticians who base the inquiry are: Schaff (1993), Oliveira; Líbâneo; e Toschi (2003), Castells (1999), Silveira (2001), Bonilla and Pretto (2000), Fonseca (1999), Moraes (1997, 1995, 1993), Levy (1993), Valente (1991, 1993, 1997 e 1998), Moran (2000), Oliveira (2002), Sacristan (1999), among others. / A informática está presente em todas as esferas da vida social. Tendo sido alvo de discursos oficiais, trabalhos acadêmicos e produções científicas no que diz respeito ao seu potencial na educação e, de modo especial, no processo educativo. Todo esse discurso remete aos modos de apropriação e incorporação, pelos professores, do computador em suas práticas pedagógicas, de forma a instaurar diferenças qualitativas nas atividades de ensinar e aprender. Este trabalho aborda o uso do computador na escola, focalizando-o do ponto de vista das práticas pedagógicas utilizadas no LIE (Laboratório de Informática Educativa) da Rede Estadual de Goiânia. O objetivo é compreender como vem acorrendo o uso dos computadores nos LIE de escolas da Rede Estadual de Goiânia, identificando a dinâmica da ação pedagógica no processo educativo. Foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa, por permitir ao investigador apreender a problemática no contexto em que ela se situa e também detectar elementos que, acrescidos aos pressupostos teóricos, poderão contribuir para melhor compreendê-la em sua dinâmica e em suas contradições. A pesquisa foi realizada em sete escolas públicas de Ensino Médio da Rede Estadual de Educação de Goiânia, Goiás, que possuem Laboratórios de Informática Educativa com Ambiente Cyber. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de coleta de dados: observação, questionários, conversas informais e diários de campo. Os principais teóricos que embasam a investigação são: Schaff (1993), Oliveira; Líbâneo; e Toschi (2003), Castells (1999), Silveira (2001), Bonilla e Pretto (2000), Fonseca (1999), Moraes (1997, 1995,1993), Levy (1993), Valente (1991, 1993,1997 e 1998), Moran (2000), Oliveira (2002), Sacristán (1999), entre outros.

As iniciativas de política externa, de defesa e de segurança que compõem a inserção internacional do Brasil no período 2003-2014 repercutiram nas relações do país com as grandes potências, suscitando uma intensa produção discursiva que busca traduzir o significado da recente inserção internacional do país e informar estratégias que possam dar conta das demandas de um novo relacionamento com o Brasil. Nesse contexto, há um conjunto de instituições de importância crescente, cujas práticas, representações e discursos precedem, informam e pretendem influenciar os processos de definição de agenda, formulação de política e tomada de decisão no âmbito das políticas externa, de defesa e de segurança, sobretudo das grandes potências: os think tanks, instituições dedicadas à produção e à articulação de conhecimentos voltados a políticas públicas de âmbito doméstico e internacional. Assim, o problema de pesquisa que orienta o trabalho refere-se ao seguinte questionamento: como os principais think tanks que buscam influenciar as formulações estratégicas para as políticas externa, de defesa e de segurança na Alemanha e na França têm representado a inserção internacional recente do Brasil e o papel desempenhado pelo país no seu entorno estratégico? O objetivo geral da dissertação é, portanto, fornecer uma análise do discurso acerca da inserção internacional recente do Brasil (2003-2014) veiculado por publicações selecionadas dos quatro principais think tanks da Alemanha e da França. O trabalho lança mão da fundamentação teórico-metodológica da análise de discurso pósestruturalista e busca sustentar a tese de que é possível depreender da análise das publicações selecionadas um conjunto de discursos básicos que estruturam as principais representações desses atores sobre a recente inserção internacional do Brasil, dentre os quais se destacam o discurso da inovação diplomática, do ineditismo e do soft power socioeconômico dos governos Lula; o discurso do reformismo moderado, que associa as identidades de “parceiro responsável” e “líder pragmático” ao Brasil, em contraposição ao “radicalismo” e ao “populismo” da Venezuela; e o discurso da pretensão de projeção global de poder. / Brazil’s foreign, defense and security policies between 2003-2014 affected its relations with the great powers, raising a variety of discourses that seek to translate the country’s recent international insertion and inform strategies that may cope with the demands of a new relationship with Brazil. In this context, there is a set of increasingly important institutions whose practices, representations and discourses precede, inform and seek to influence agenda setting, as well as policy and decision making processes in the fields of foreign, defense and security policies, especially of great powers: think tanks, institutions whose activities are mainly focused on producing and engaging knowledge on domestic and international public policies. The research problem orienting this monograph is, thus, the following: how do the most important foreign, defense and security policy think tanks in Germany and France represent Brazil’s recent international insertion and the role it plays in its regional surrounding area? The main aim of this project is, therefore, to offer an analysis of the discourse on Brazil’s recent international insertion (2003-2014) produced and disseminated by four of the most important think tanks in Germany and France. The monograph adopts post-structuralist discourse analysis as its theoretical and methodological foundation and lays out the argument that the analysis of selected think tanks’ publications reveals a set of basic discourses structuring key-representations of identity attributed to Brazil. Among them, three basic discourses are highlighted throughout the discussion: Lula’s diplomatic innovation and socioeconomic soft power discourse; the moderate reformism discourse, which links the identities of a “responsible partner” and “pragmatic leader” to Brazil in opposition to the “radicalism” and “populism” attributed to Venezuela; last but not least, the discourse on Brazil’s alleged claim to global power projection.

Studien är en undersökning om hur olika delar av konsumentbeteendet bland applikationsanvändare ser ut. En applikation är ett program eller en tjänst som tillför en ny funktion i mobiltelefonen. Studiens syfte och problemformulering hur olika delar av konsumentbeteendet ser ut och utifrån det ta fram den typiske applikationsanvändaren. Som teoretisk referensram används en bearbetad version av Peter & Olsons (2008) Wheel of consumer analysis som vi kallar konsumenthjulet. Konsumenthjulet består av affekt och kognition, konsumenters omgivning och beteende. Dessa områden för att få en övergripande bild över konsumentbeteendet. En kvantitativ studie genomfördes genom en webbenkät för att samla in nödvändig data för studien. Enkätdistributionen skedde via forum och sociala medier för att få en så stor spridning som möjligt bland respondenter. I Analysen diskuteras resultatet utifrån konsumenthjulet. Det visar sig att engagemang har stor betydelse för hur applikationer används och delarna av konsumenthjulet påverkas av just detta.  I slutsatsen diskuterades den typiska applikationsanvändaren fram och kortfattat är det en man i 25 års ålder som är en hög engagemangsanvändare av applikationer. För fortsatta studier rekommenderas studier om hur företag ska marknadsföra applikationer och mer djupingående studier som kan besvara varför applikationsanvändare beter sig som de gör. / This thesis is a study about the consumer behavior on the cellular telephone market regarding the usage of applications that can be downloaded and used on the cellular telephone. An application is a program or a service that contributes new functions to the cellular telephone. The purpose and main question of the thesis is to describe how different theory parts of the Consumer Wheel form the typical application user. The theoretical frame of reference was an adapted form of Peter & Olsons (2008) Wheel of consumer analysis, a theory framework used to describe the consumer behavior. The Consumer Wheel consist of three parts; affect and cognition, consumer environment and behavior. A quantitative study was carried out through a web-based survey to collect the necessary data for the thesis. The survey was distributed through internet forums and social networks to get as large spread of the survey as possible. In the analyze part of the thesis the result is discussed with the Consumer Wheel. Involvement seem to have a large meaning on how applications are used and that the different parts of the Consumer Wheel are influenced by the level of involvement. In the conclusion part the typical application user is presented as a 25 year old male and he is a high involvement application user. Future studies should focus on how companies can market applications and studies on why application users behave as they do.

The Swedish deciduous forest has been actively replaced by coniferous forest during the last two hundred years. In Färna Ekopark, Västmanland, this trend is being reversed by restorations of deciduous forests through the removal of coniferous trees in mixed forests. This field study investigates how successful these restorations have been for plant diversity and how they were affected by past grazing and the proportion of similar mixed and deciduous forest habitats in thesurrounding landscape. Plant species richness was investigated in 370 1m2-plots distributed over 37 sample areas and the surrounding landscape analyzed in a GIS. Results show that a few years after restoration there was higher plant species richness and lower homogenization, at the site scale, compared to the controls. When the restored sites were divided into two subgroups dependant on age, the 5-6 year old restoration displayed higher plot richness than the 2-4 year old restorations, but were also more homogeneous. Past grazing showed a generally positive effect on plant diversity, and these areas also responded with a larger increase of plant species richness and less homogenous plant populations after restorations compared to areas that had not been formerly grazed. The proportion of similar deciduous and mixed forest habitats (more than 40 % deciduous trees) inthe surrounding landscape showed no effect on the plant diversity of deciduous forests in general, though it did display a weak influence over the plot richness of restored deciduous forests without a history of grazing. When restoring deciduous forests to increase plant diversity it would therefore appear wise to focuson the formerly grazed deciduous forests. To take advantage of the beneficial effects to plot richness restored deciduous forests should have a high degree of deciduous and mixed forests within one kilometer. / Den svenska lövskogen har aktivt ersatts med barrskog under de senaste tvåhundra åren. I Färna Ekopark, Västmanland, försöker man vända denna trend genom att ta bort barrträd i blandskog ochpå så sätt restaurera lövskog. Denna fältstudie undersöker om restaureringarna har gett ökad växtdiversitet och hur restaureringarna har påverkats av tidigare bete samt andelen av liknande bland- och lövskogshabitat i det omgivande landskapet. Växtartantalet undersöktes med 370 1m2-rutor utspridda över 37 områden och det omgivande landskapet analyserades i ett GIS. Resultaten visar att några år efter restaurering hade områdena högre växtdiversitet och artsammansättningen var mindre likformig i jämförelse med kontrollerna. När de restaurerade områdena delades upp i två grupper, i avseende på ålder, uppvisade de 5-6 år gamla restaureringarna högre växtdiversitet i rutorna än de 2-4 år gamla restaureringarna, men artsammansättningen var även mer likformig. Tidigare bete visade en generellt positiv inverkar på växtdiversiteten och dessa områden fick en ännu större uppgång i artrikedom och ännu lägre likformighet i artsammansättningarna efter restaureringarna än de områden som inte hade betats tidigare. Andelen av liknande bland- och lövskogshabitat (mer än 40 % lövträd) i det omgivande landskapet uppvisade ingen effekt på växtdiversiteten hos lövskog generellt, men det fanns en svag påverkan på växtdiversiteten på rutnivå hos restaurerade lövskogar utan tidigare bete. När man restaurerar lövskog för att öka växtdiversiteten verkar det därför bra att fokusera på tidigare betade lövskogar. Om man vill ta tillvara på den positiva påverkan på växtpopulationerna som omgivande landskap kan ha bör restaurerade lövskogar ha en stor andel bland- och lövskog en kilometer runt omkring sig.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama požeminių komunikacijų vizualizacija trimačiame modelyje. Šiame magistriniame darbe išnagrinėta 3D duomenų svarba ir pranašumas prieš 2D vizualizavimą. Buvo atliktas požeminių komunikacijų projektavimo tyrimas trima��io vaizdavimo programine įranga, ištirtas šių technologijų naudojimas užsienyje bei naudojimo perspektyvos Lietuvoje. Darbą sudaro 10 dalių: įvadas, informacijos vizualizavimo aplinkos, 3D duomenų modelio esmė, 3D programinės įrangos galimybės inžinerijoje,3D vizualizavimo programinė įranga,3D modeliavimo koordinačių sistemos, trimačio geoinformacinių sistemų modelio sudarymas, požeminių komunikacijų trimačio geoinformacinių sistemų modelio sudarymo metodika, požeminių komunikacijų duomenų surinkimo reikalavimai, požeminių komunikacijų 3D skaitmeninio modelio kūrimas, požeminių komunikacijų trimačio modelio naudojimas Lietuvoje ir pasaulyje,išvados, literatūros sąrašas. / In the magistrate thesis are researching visualization of Underground communications at 3D data model. In the thesis analyse 3D model data significance and advantage against 2D model data. Also researching program equipment projection of Underground communications 3D data model, technology usage in foreign countries and opportunities for use in Lithuania. Structure: introduction, information visualization surrounding, 3D data model essence, 3D data program equipment opportunity in the engineering, 3D data model equipment, 3D data model coordinate systems, 3D data model formation, formation model of underground communication at 3D data model, data assemblage standards of underground communications, underground communication 3D data model creation, 3D data model usage in the world and Lithuania, conclusions, references.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Ο θόρυβος φάσης που εμφανίζεται στους ταλαντωτές, επηρεάζει την ποιότητα των σημάτων που επεξεργάζονται τα επικοινωνιακά ηλεκτρονικά κυκλώματα. Η παρούσα μελέτη, δεν έχει σκοπό μια θεωρητική η πρακτική εξέταση των αιτιών του θορύβου φάσης, ή την παρουσίαση τεχνικών μείωσής του, αλλά εξετάζεται η επίδραση του θορύβου φάσης πάνω σε διαμορφωμένα σήματα επικοινωνιών. Αυτή η επίδραση πάνω στα διαμορφωμένα σήματα επικοινωνιών δε λαμβάνεται υπ' όψιν μέχρι σήμερα στην βιβλιογραφία. Δείχνουμε ότι αυτή η επίδραση, που στις περισσότερες πρακτικές περιπτώσεις αγνοείται, μπορεί κάτω από προϋποθέσεις να είναι πολύ σημαντική. Αυτό ισχύει ακόμα, και όταν το σήμα του ταλαντωτή με τον συνοδευτικό θόρυβο φάσης, λείπει όπως π.χ στην περίπτωση διαμόρφωσης SSB. Η ύπαρξη της ανωτέρω επίδρασης, έχει την προέλευσή της στη διαδικασία (πράξη) διαμόρφωσης. Για να αποδείξουμε το παραπάνω, χρησιμοποιούμε δύο βασικές ιδιότητες, την ιδιότητα μετατόπισης της συχνότητας, και την ιδιότητα του γινόμενου στο πεδίο του χρόνου - συνέλιξης στην περιοχή της συχνότητας. Η διερεύνηση των δύο προσεγγίσεων, οδηγεί σε παρόμοια αποτελέσματα, σε διάφορα θέματα, σχετιζόμενα με την θορυβική ανάλυση, όπως π.χ η επίδραση του θορύβου φάσης στην ενδιάμεση συχνότητα (I.F). Τα αποτελέσματα και οι εφαρμογές, δεν είναι εξαρτημένα από τη γραμμικότητα του κυκλώματος του ταλαντωτή, αλλά η υπόθεση της γραμμικότητας, απλοποιεί πολλούς χειρισμούς. Εισάγουμε βασικά την έννοια της αντιγραφής του θορύβου φάσης του ταλαντωτή, λόγω της διεργασίας της διαμόρφωσης (mirror imaging), σε κάθε διαμορφωμένη συχνότητα, που είναι συνιστώσα του συνολικά διαμορφωμένου σήματος. Εφαρμογή του θεωρήματος της διαμόρφωσης συνεπάγεται απλή μετατόπιση του φάσματος του ταλαντωτή, λόγω διαμόρφωσης, για κάθε διαμορφωμένη συνιστώσα, για τους διάφορους τύπους διαμορφώσεων. Αυτά τα αντίγραφα στις διαφορετικές συνιστώσες συχνότητες του διαμορφωμένου φάσματος, δίνουν σε κάθε λαμβανόμενη συνιστώσα συχνότητας διαμορφωμένης πληροφορίας, ένα ανεπιθύμητο ποσό ισχύος πού αντιστοιχεί σε θόρυβο. / The role of the phase noise on the oscillators performance, is wide known. This noise stems mostly from the electronic circuitry used to implement the oscillator. Moreover, it is well known, the direct influence of the oscillator Phase Noise on the nearby modulated up (down) converted signals at the frequency domain. In the literature the direct influence, on the oscillator phase noise sidebands, is generally examined. In this work, we do not attempt, an examination of the reasoning of phase noise phenomenon, nor a reduction of the phase noise itself, but rather we examine the direct effect, of the phase noise sidebands on the modulated signals. The Phase Noise (PN) is considered of a given character and its influence on the communication signals is examined. These effects have their origin on the PN, but there are present and influence the signal integrity even if oscillator’s phase noise is absent. Their existence origins from the modulation action, at the respective frequency transfer, of a realistic oscillator via the non ideal output , which is corrupted by PN. Two basic concepts, the theorem of the Time Domain Product – Frequency Domain Convolution Theorem, and the Frequency Shifting Theorem, which lead basically to the same results, are applied and extended to the Intermediate Frequency and relative concepts. These results basically do not depend on the supposed circuit linearity, but the linearity supposition simplifies a lot of the manipulations. Thus oscillator’s phase noise is “copied”, because of the modulation action to every modulated frequency that the modulated signal consists of, at the different types of modulation. These copies from the neighbored frequencies give at every modulated frequency an undesirable sum of noise contributions. The small amplitude and phase variations of the carrier, from another more representative view, via the Frequency Shifting Theorem or because of the respective convolution , are transferred to the shifted spectrum via the modulation action. The here above are examined, firstly using the Time Domain Product – Frequency Domain Convolution Theorem. All the “copies” of the carrier form every modulated constitute of the information are accumulated to a “worst case” integral. The referenced integral, is an indicative calculation, of the introduced fluctuations. The second approach deals with the total spectrum movement due to fluctuations and is more pictorial and prone to relevant calculations, as analyzed in this thesis.

As iniciativas de política externa, de defesa e de segurança que compõem a inserção internacional do Brasil no período 2003-2014 repercutiram nas relações do país com as grandes potências, suscitando uma intensa produção discursiva que busca traduzir o significado da recente inserção internacional do país e informar estratégias que possam dar conta das demandas de um novo relacionamento com o Brasil. Nesse contexto, há um conjunto de instituições de importância crescente, cujas práticas, representações e discursos precedem, informam e pretendem influenciar os processos de definição de agenda, formulação de política e tomada de decisão no âmbito das políticas externa, de defesa e de segurança, sobretudo das grandes potências: os think tanks, instituições dedicadas à produção e à articulação de conhecimentos voltados a políticas públicas de âmbito doméstico e internacional. Assim, o problema de pesquisa que orienta o trabalho refere-se ao seguinte questionamento: como os principais think tanks que buscam influenciar as formulações estratégicas para as políticas externa, de defesa e de segurança na Alemanha e na França têm representado a inserção internacional recente do Brasil e o papel desempenhado pelo país no seu entorno estratégico? O objetivo geral da dissertação é, portanto, fornecer uma análise do discurso acerca da inserção internacional recente do Brasil (2003-2014) veiculado por publicações selecionadas dos quatro principais think tanks da Alemanha e da França. O trabalho lança mão da fundamentação teórico-metodológica da análise de discurso pósestruturalista e busca sustentar a tese de que é possível depreender da análise das publicações selecionadas um conjunto de discursos básicos que estruturam as principais representações desses atores sobre a recente inserção internacional do Brasil, dentre os quais se destacam o discurso da inovação diplomática, do ineditismo e do soft power socioeconômico dos governos Lula; o discurso do reformismo moderado, que associa as identidades de “parceiro responsável” e “líder pragmático” ao Brasil, em contraposição ao “radicalismo” e ao “populismo” da Venezuela; e o discurso da pretensão de projeção global de poder. / Brazil’s foreign, defense and security policies between 2003-2014 affected its relations with the great powers, raising a variety of discourses that seek to translate the country’s recent international insertion and inform strategies that may cope with the demands of a new relationship with Brazil. In this context, there is a set of increasingly important institutions whose practices, representations and discourses precede, inform and seek to influence agenda setting, as well as policy and decision making processes in the fields of foreign, defense and security policies, especially of great powers: think tanks, institutions whose activities are mainly focused on producing and engaging knowledge on domestic and international public policies. The research problem orienting this monograph is, thus, the following: how do the most important foreign, defense and security policy think tanks in Germany and France represent Brazil’s recent international insertion and the role it plays in its regional surrounding area? The main aim of this project is, therefore, to offer an analysis of the discourse on Brazil’s recent international insertion (2003-2014) produced and disseminated by four of the most important think tanks in Germany and France. The monograph adopts post-structuralist discourse analysis as its theoretical and methodological foundation and lays out the argument that the analysis of selected think tanks’ publications reveals a set of basic discourses structuring key-representations of identity attributed to Brazil. Among them, three basic discourses are highlighted throughout the discussion: Lula’s diplomatic innovation and socioeconomic soft power discourse; the moderate reformism discourse, which links the identities of a “responsible partner” and “pragmatic leader” to Brazil in opposition to the “radicalism” and “populism” attributed to Venezuela; last but not least, the discourse on Brazil’s alleged claim to global power projection.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6062.pdf: 46340074 bytes, checksum: 52ef652c733b2061e102079b94b25e80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-13 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The investigation of land use changes as a result of pressure from anthropogenic processes, is a tool for establishing correlations between spatial and temporal patterns and ecological processes of the landscape, being adequate for management of the surrounding protected areas. The Conservation Units surrounding_s in Brazil require measures that complement conservation strategies adopted only for the limits of the protected areas. The bu_er zones of conservation units surrounding has not yet received the attention needed to meet the objectives of in situ conservation. The general aim of this work was to analyze and quantify the land use dynamic and fragmentation process of natural vegetation, analyze the ecological sustainability and delineate scenarios for biodiversity conservation in the Passo Fundo National Forest surrounding, in the period 1986 to 2011, in order to generate information to management and implementation of conservation measures. Land use maps were made from Landsat image 5 of 12/09/1986, 08/09/1997 and 01/09/2011, orbit 222, 79 and 80 points. The mapping was done by visual classi_cation in software Mapinfo 10.0. The natural vegetation fragmentation process in 1986, 1997 and 2011 was analyzed from the elaboration of thematic maps of natural vegetation, and application of the landscape metrics in software Fragstats 4.1 (number of fragments, mean area of the fragments, proportion of natural area in the landscape, and degrees of isolation /connectivity and complexity of shapes of the patches). Ecological sustainability was assessed by using naturalness / urbanity (IB), environmental quality of fragments of natural vegetation (IQABIO) and environmental vulnerability (VAT-P) indicators, whose equations were calculated using the Idrisi software Selva. With environmental quality and naturalness and natural vegetation indicators were selected fragments of the study area with higher naturalness and quality to delineate a biodiversity conservation scenario for the Flona-PF surrounding. The results showed that the direct and indirect drivers of landscape change are respectively the agricultural activities, urbanization and conict with the local indigenous community. From 1986 to 2011 there was a reduction in the areas occupied by human activities and an increase in the proportion of natural areas. The average size of fragments or patches of natural vegetation increased, and the isolation distance between the fragments decreased in 2011, compared to previous periods (1986 and 1997). The indicators (IB, IQABIO and VAT-P) pointed Flona-PF and neighboring fragments as the areas with higher environmental quality, naturalness and less vulnerability. However, the vulnerability analysis (VAT-P) take into account only the direct forces changes of landscape changes disregarding the indirect forces as the demand of land by the local indigenous community, which can cause changes in this conservation area, including change of category. The results show a tendency to decrease the direct forces of landscape change for the Flona-PF surrounding during 1986 to 2011. / A investigação das mudanças no uso da terra como resultado da pressão dos processos antrópicos e uma abordagem metodológica fundamental para estabelecer correlações entre padrões espaciais e temporais e processos ecológicos da paisagem, sendo adequada para o manejo e gestão do entorno das áreas protegidas. O entorno das Unidades de Conservaçao (UCs) no Brasil necessita de medidas que complementem as estratégias de conservação adotadas, unicamente para os limites das UCs. O entorno ou as chamadas zonas de amortecimento das unidades de conservação ainda não tem recebido a atenção necessária para efetivar os objetivos da conservação in situ. O objetivo geral desta tese foi analisar e quantificar a dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra, o processo de fragmentação dos habitats naturais, a sustentabilidade ecologica e a elaboração de cenários de conservação da biodiversidade da paisagem do entorno da Floresta Nacional de Passo Fundo, RS, no período de 1986 a 2011, a fim de gerar informações que contribuam para o manejo e implementação de medidas de conservação, do entorno desta UC. Foram realizados mapeamentos de uso e cobertura da terra, com base em imagens Landsat 5 de 12/09/1986; 9/08/1997 e de 01/09/2011, órbita 222, pontos 79 e 80. O mapeamento foi efetuado por classificação visual das imagens, em software Mapinfo 10.0. O processo de fragmentação dos habitats naturais em 1986, 1997 e 2011, foi analisado a partir da elaboração de mapas temáticos da vegetação natural do entorno da Flona-PF, e aplicação das seguintes metricas da paisagem, no software Fragstats 4.1: número de fragmentos, área media dos fragmentos, proporção de área natural na paisagem, maior mancha, graus de isolamento/conectividade e complexidade de formas. A sustentabilidade ecológica foi avaliada pelo uso de indicadores de naturalidade/urbanidade (IB), qualidade ambiental dos fragmentos de vegetação natural (IQAbio) e vulnerabilidade ambiental (IVA-P), cujas equações foram calculadas através do software Idrisi Selva. Com os indicadores de naturalidade e qualidade ambiental da vegetação natural foram selecionados os fragmentos da área em estudo com maior naturalidade e qualidade para o delineamento do cenário de conservação da biodiversidade do entorno da Flona-PF. Os resultados mostraram que as forcas diretas e indiretas de mudanças que atuam sobre a paisagem são respectivamente, as atividades agropecuarias, urbanização e conflitos com a comunidade indígena local. De 1986 a 2011 houve uma redução das áreas ocupadas pelas atividades antropicas e um aumento na proporção de áreas naturais. A área média dos fragmentos ou manchas de habitat natural aumentou e a distância de isolamento entre os fragmentos reduziu em 2011, em relaçao aos períodos anteriores (1986 e 1997). Todos os indicadores IB, IQAbio e IVA-P sugerem que a Flona-PF e os fragmentos vizinhos e contínuos a mesma, são as áreas com maior qualidade ambiental, naturalidade e menor vulnerabilidade. A analise de vulnerabilidade (IVA-P) considerou somente as forcas diretas de mudanças da paisagem, no entanto, forças indiretas, como a demanda por apropriação de território pela comunidade indígena local, poderão provocar mudanças na unidade de conservação, inclusive a alteração de sua categoria. Os resultados apontam um tendência para a redução das forças diretas de mudanças no entorno da Flona-PF no período de 1986 a 2011.