Pedestrian walking and choice behavior presented was first studied by Fruin in 1971, and since then a lot of research have been carried out in order to understand how humans move and what does make them make choices and obtain certain patterns. In relation to pedestrians, a significant bottleneck inside public stations evaluated by research are the level-change facilities, as Stair Walks and Escalators. The aim of this research is studying how pedestrian behave in the vicinity to stairways and escalators, and how does that affect pedestrian choice, speed and acceleration when choosing one of the two facilities. Also, with a need for more data on pedestrian traffic, further data collection is a big requirement to analyze their behavior and use as tools in future measures. At last, how to optimize the movement of pedestrians in relation to level changes, considering the effects of the movements observed. Two case studies were analysed, Stockholm Central Station and Uppsala Central Station.The study compares data collection methods, tracking methods and previous studies to better fit the scope of this research. The data is backed up from previous research and explains which method better fitted the options available. As a result, video data collection was chosen to collect the data, a semi-automatic tracking software called T-analyst was used to extract speed, trajectories and acceleration from the videos, and microsimulation modelling from VISSIM further investigated different design options to optimize the overall performance and improve travel time in the same area. The analysis found out that there was a possibility to increase the overall performance of the location in higher flow levels, where the most significant queues could be seen, since there was the possibility to achieve higher speeds by modifying the width and position of the stair walks, which allow for a smaller queue in both directions.

No description available.

<p>Studien är en undersökning om hur olika delar av konsumentbeteendet bland applikationsanvändare ser ut. En applikation är ett program eller en tjänst som tillför en ny funktion i mobiltelefonen. Studiens syfte och problemformulering hur olika delar av konsumentbeteendet ser ut och utifrån det ta fram den typiske applikationsanvändaren. Som teoretisk referensram används en bearbetad version av Peter & Olsons (2008) Wheel of consumer analysis som vi kallar konsumenthjulet. Konsumenthjulet består av affekt och kognition, konsumenters omgivning och beteende. Dessa områden för att få en övergripande bild över konsumentbeteendet.</p><p>En kvantitativ studie genomfördes genom en webbenkät för att samla in nödvändig data för studien. Enkätdistributionen skedde via forum och sociala medier för att få en så stor spridning som möjligt bland respondenter.</p><p>I Analysen diskuteras resultatet utifrån konsumenthjulet. Det visar sig att engagemang har stor betydelse för hur applikationer används och delarna av konsumenthjulet påverkas av just detta.  I slutsatsen diskuterades den typiska applikationsanvändaren fram och kortfattat är det en man i 25 års ålder som är en hög engagemangsanvändare av applikationer. För fortsatta studier rekommenderas studier om hur företag ska marknadsföra applikationer och mer djupingående studier som kan besvara <em>varför</em> applikationsanvändare beter sig som de gör.</p> / <p>This thesis is a study about the consumer behavior on the cellular telephone market regarding the usage of applications that can be downloaded and used on the cellular telephone. An application is a program or a service that contributes new functions to the cellular telephone. The purpose and main question of the thesis is to describe how different theory parts of the Consumer Wheel form the typical application user. The theoretical frame of reference was an adapted form of Peter & Olsons (2008) Wheel of consumer analysis, a theory framework used to describe the consumer behavior. The Consumer Wheel consist of three parts; affect and cognition, consumer environment and behavior.</p><p>A quantitative study was carried out through a web-based survey to collect the necessary data for the thesis. The survey was distributed through internet forums and social networks to get as large spread of the survey as possible.</p><p>In the analyze part of the thesis the result is discussed with the Consumer Wheel. Involvement seem to have a large meaning on how applications are used and that the different parts of the Consumer Wheel are influenced by the level of involvement. In the conclusion part the typical application user is presented as a 25 year old male and he is a high involvement application user. Future studies should focus on how companies can market applications and studies on why application users behave as they do.</p>

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Title: Golf trends in the Czech republic and in the world- their comparison with the situation and operating of the Golf Resort Karlštejn Leader: Doc. RNDr. Bohumír Štědroň, CSc. Goals: The aim of the diploma thesis is to critically analyse the golf surrounding in the Czech republic and generally in the world. Further goal of this thesis is to analyse the work of a specific czech golf club the Golf Resort Karlštejn, especially is going to be aimed at it`s marketing. The conclusions are going to be mainly made out of the secondary dates. The acquired information will be consequently used for outlinig of recommendations for the golf area generally and formerly mentioned golf resort. Methods: Quantitative method in the form of golf trends analyses and qualitative methods in the form of personal survey and interwiev Results: The golf surrounding is in a dechne currently, neverthelles the czech golf member base, in the contrary to the worlds one, is still growing. However, the increase of golfers is still smaller. The strongest mutual trend is the unequal number of men, women and juniors beeing registered in the golf member base. According to the analyses of the czech and world golf trends it was made a comparison with the situation of Golf Resort Karlštejn. Almost all negative tendencies were confirmed...

Remanescentes vegetais ocorrem desde o extremo norte até o extremo sul do Estado de Goiás existindo a necessidade de informações básicas sobre a florística dessas comunidades. O Parque Estadual dos Pireneus situa-se nos municípios de Pirenópolis, Corumbá de Goiás e Cocalzinho de Goiás e está dentro das áreas prioritárias para conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade do Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Apesar dos vários níveis de inter-relação e sobreposição a outras áreas do entorno, a área do Parque apresenta características físicovegetacionais próprias e particularidades no seu processo de degradação e de fragmentação. Neste contexto, os remanescentes vegetais, assumem importante papel na manutenção da diversidade restante, por isso, objetivamos fazer o mapeamento das fitofisionomias do Parque e estudos florísticos complementares de campos rupestres nele existentes. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado trazendo a perspectiva do uso destes conhecimentos na definição teórica, prática e metodológica da conservação, restauração e manejo destes remanescentes. A caracterização da estrutura da paisagem foi obtida por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto orientadas pelas coletas mensais de material botânico em áreas representativas das unidades fitofisionômicas identificadas nas imagens orbitais, elaborando-se o mapa destas unidades. O estudo florístico das formações rupestres foi conduzido em áreas escolhidas de acordo com as imagens obtidas. Foram utilizados os parâmetros usuais de florística, com objetivo de, futuramente, analisar estes fragmentos de vegetação de toda a Serra que apresentam restrições ambientais. Pesquisas identificadoras das peculiaridades das espécies vegetais do Parque, como as raras, as endêmicas, dentre outras, foram especuladas para que possam contribuir na recuperação destas formações e servir como indicadores para avaliação e monitoramento dessas áreas remanescentes. As variações fitofisionômicas do Cerrado foram classificadas segundo o sistema de vegetações de Fernandes e, dentro do Parque, encontramos quatro ecossistemas: cerradão (8,0%), cerrado (25,7%), campo (41,0%) e manchas vegetacionais (veredas e florestas de galeria) (18,7%). Dentre os quais foram mapeadas onze fitofisionomias e suas áreas relictuais, juntamente com algumas áreas degradadas (6,5%). Adicionalmente, a população local também foi abordada e entrevistada para obter seu conceito de paisagem e meio ambiente, concomitantemente, verificando os problemas sociais da área e desenvolvendo neles a idéia da conservação dos recursos naturais e do Parque. / Vegetation remnants are present from the north to the south of the State of Goiás, and the need of basic information about these floristic communities is extremely important. The Parque Estadual dos Pireneus is located in the municipalities of Pirenópolis, Corumbá de Goiás and Cocalzinho de Goiás and it is inside of the priority areas for conservation and sustainable use of the biodiversity of the Ministry of the Environment of Brazil. In spite of the several interrelation levels and overlapping with surrounding areas, the park presents its own physico-vegetational characteristics and peculiarities in the process of of degratation and fragmentation. In this context, the vegetation remnants assume important function in the maintenance of the remaining diversity of the park. With this in mind, our main goal was to map the phytofisiognomies present in the park, which were complemented by floristic studies of the sandstone outcrops (formações rupestres) occurring in the area. Therefore, this study was realized with the perspective of the use of these knowledge in the theoretical, practical and methodological definitions of the conservation, restoration and management of these remnants. The characterization of the landscape structure was obtained through techniques of remote sensing complemented by the monthly collections of botanical material in representative areas of the phytophysionomic units identified in the orbital images, being elaborated the map of these units. The floristic study of the sandstone outcrops (formações rupestres) was led in areas chosen in agreement with the obtained images. The usual floristic parameters were used, with objective to analyze these vegetation fragments of the whole mountain range that present environmental pressure. This research identified the peculiarities of the plant species of the park, as, for example, the rare ones, the endemic ones, among others, they were speculated so that they can contribute in the recovery of these formations and to serve as indicators for evaluation and monitoring of those remaining areas. The phytophysionomic variations of the Cerrado wer classifies according to the system of vegetations of Fernandes and, inside of the park, we found four ecosystems: cerradão (8,0%), cerrado (25,7%), field (41,0%) and vegetation patches (palm swamps and gallery forests; 18,7%). Among these ecosystems, eleven phytophysiognomies were detected and relictual areas were mapped, together with some degraded areas (6,5%). In addition, local populations were also approached and interviewed, in order to obtain their landscape and environment concepts, and to verify the social problems of the area and introduce the concepts of the conservation of the natural resources and of the Park.

Inserindo-se nos debates sobre pobreza e cidade no Brasil, a pesquisa aborda os nexos entre deslocamentos habitacionais, mobilidades socioespaciais, dinâmicas familiares e políticas urbanas nos processos recentes de produção do espaço urbano. A tese parte do argumento de que, em um contexto de reconfiguração do mundo social e ressignificação das categorias fundadoras dos territórios periféricos, em curso no país nas últimas décadas, também o espaço urbano se reconfigura: nesse sentido, direciona-se a refletir, de modo articulado, sobre as dimensões sociais e territoriais dessas mudanças e permanências. Tomando como base a realização de uma pesquisa de campo de caráter etnográfico na cidade de São Carlos - SP, são investigadas trajetórias urbanas de moradores de periferias que, nas últimas décadas, transitaram pela cidade em busca de moradia, bem como os cruzamentos, tangenciamentos ou desencontros com as políticas urbanas e habitacionais empreendidas nesse mesmo período. Tais trajetórias são encaradas como uma entrada privilegiada para o estudo das dinâmicas socioespaciais envolvidas em processos situados de produção, apropriação e significação das periferias urbanas, ao permitir apreender tais processos nas injunções entre espaço e sociedade. A tese delineia uma cartografia espaço-temporal de territorialidades e experiências urbanas ditas marginais ou periféricas, revelando cidades outras: cidades feitas de desenraizamentos, vulnerabilidades e ajustes, mas também de relações, simbolizações e projetos, cuja multiplicidade de dimensões históricas, concepções em ato ou devires possíveis somente se dão a apreender a partir das práticas e narrativas dos sujeitos. Estabelece, assim, um diálogo sobre as dobras que configuram, simultaneamente, territórios, subjetividades e sensibilidades; percursos, narrativas e espaços; pobreza, experiência urbana e cidades; produção de conhecimento e produção do espaço. / Being inserted in debates about poverty and cities in Brazil, the research deals with the links among housing displacements, socio-spatial mobility, family dynamics and urban policies in recent processes of urban space production. The dissertation starts from the argument that, in the context of reconfiguration of the social world and re-signification of the founding categories of surrounding territories, in progress in the country in recent decades, the urban space is also reconfigured: in this sense, it is directed to reflect, in an articulated way, about social and territorial dimensions of these changes and continuities. Based on the completion of an ethnographic field research in the city of São Carlos - SP, it investigates urban trajectories of residents of surrounding areas who, over the last decades, passed through the city in search of housing, as well as the crossings, tangents or divergences with the urban and housing policies undertaken during the same period. Such trajectories are faced as a prime input for the study of socio-spatial dynamics involved in situated processes of production, appropriation and significance of urban surrounding areas, while allowing for apprehending such processes in the injunctions between space and society. The dissertation outlines a spatio-temporal cartography of urban territorialities and experiences considered marginal or peripheral, revealing other cities: cities made out of uprooting, vulnerabilities and adjustments, but also of relationships, symbolizations and projects, whose multiplicity of historical dimensions, conceptions in act or possible future ones, take place just to be apprehended as from the practices and narratives of the subjects. A dialogue is thus established on the folds that simultaneously shape territories, subjectivities and sensibilities; pathways, narratives and spaces; poverty, urban experience and cities; production of knowledge and production of space.

As comunicações entre pessoas presentes são tuteladas na Constituição brasileira, como decorrência da liberdade de manifestação do pensamento, do direito à intimidade e à vida privada, da inviolabilidade do domicílio e do direito a não autoincriminação. Embora sejam constitucionalmente tuteladas, as comunicações entre pessoas presentes podem ser restringidas, desde que sejam observadas as exigências de reserva de lei, de reserva de jurisdição e de proporcionalidade. A interceptação de comunicação entre pessoas presentes é meio de investigação de prova, que, por meio de restrição a direitos e garantias fundamentais, visa a descoberta de fontes de prova para a persecução penal. Trata-se de instrumento processual que consiste em atividade de captação e de registro de comunicação entre pessoas presentes de caráter reservado, por um terceiro, com o emprego de meios técnicos, utilizados em operação oculta e simultânea à comunicação, sem o conhecimento dos interlocutores ou com o conhecimento de um ou de alguns deles. A interceptação domiciliar e a interceptação ambiental são espécies de interceptação de comunicação entre pessoas presentes. O objeto e o caráter insidioso desta modalidade de interceptação impõem a necessidade de uma disciplina jurídica autônoma, sob enfoques da admissibilidade e do procedimento probatório, que devem ser previstos em lei precisa e clara. / The communications between present people are protected by the Brazilian Constitution, arising out of the freedom of expression of ones thoughts, the right to intimacy and privacy, the dwelling defense and by the right not to produce self-incrimination. Despite being protected constitutionally, the communications between present people can be restricted as long as in accordance with the demands in reserve of law, in reserve of jurisdiction and of proportionality. The communications interception between present people is a means of investigation of evidence, which by means of restriction of rights and fundamental guarantees, objectives uncovering the sources of evidence for accusatory procedure. It is a question of procedural tool which consists in the activity of registering and recording communications between present people with secretive nature, by a third person, with the use of technical means, applied in concealed action and concurrent to the communication without the knowledge of the interlocutors or just the knowledge of one or few of them. Dwelling - interception and surrounding-interception are types of interception of communications between present people. The object and deceitful nature of this modality of interception imposes the need of an autonomous juridical regulation, under the perspectives of admissibility and of probatory procedure, which must be foreseen by clear and precise law

Notre thèse porte sur les effets des limites administratives d'une communauté urbaine et s'intéresse particulièrement aux relations entre le Grand Lyon et les communes avoisinantes, ceci dans le contexte de réformes territoriales visant à rationaliser et renforcer les coopérations intercommunales. Quelles sont les possibilités de coopération ? Comment sont-elles reconfigurées ? Nous abordons ces questions, en premier lieu, à partir des modifications des limites du Grand Lyon, d’une part à suite à l’adhésion de nouvelles communes, d’autre part suite à la création de la Métropole de Lyon. En second lieu, nous étudions l'impact des limites du Grand Lyon sur les services urbains, avec des études de cas consacrées aux évolutions récentes du territoire d’intervention du syndicat des transports lyonnais (Nouveau Sytral). Notre recherche est effectuée en utilisant des documents juridiques divers, des revues de presse, des travaux d’étudiants qui sont analysés du point de vue de l’aménagement urbain en prenant appui sur les méthodes de la géographie et des sciences politiques. L’étude repose aussi sur des entretiens dans les communes examinées. Les analyses montrent que la définition du périmètre des regroupements intercommunaux lyonnais est un enjeu véritablement géopolitique, au sens que Philippe Subra donne à cette notion. En fonction des situations, des contextes politiques locaux, des projets communaux, les alliances entre les territoires se nouent ou se dénouent. / Our thesis is about the effect of the administrative border in an urban community and concerns particularly on the relations between Grand Lyon and its surrounding municipalities in the context of the territorial reform aiming at rationalizing and reinforcing the intermunicipal cooperation. What are the possibilities of the cooperation? How are the possibilities reconfigured? We reach the questions, in the first place, by the modification of the border of Grand Lyon, in one part following to new communes adhesion, in other part following to the creation of the Lyon metropolitan. In the second place, we study the impact of Grand Lyon border on the urban services, with study cases devoted to the recent territorial evolution of transport Lyonnais syndicate intervention (Nouveau Sytral).Our research was carried out by using various juridical documents, press reports, student works in which were analyzed in the point of view of urban planning leaning on geographical and political science methods. This study also focuses on interviews in the selected municipalities. The analysis reveals that the definition of intermunicipal Lyonnais grouping perimeter is completely a geopolitical issue, in the meaning that Phillipe Subra gives the notion. In terms of the situation, the local political context, the communal projects, the alliances between the territories are established or unraveled.

Inserindo-se nos debates sobre pobreza e cidade no Brasil, a pesquisa aborda os nexos entre deslocamentos habitacionais, mobilidades socioespaciais, dinâmicas familiares e políticas urbanas nos processos recentes de produção do espaço urbano. A tese parte do argumento de que, em um contexto de reconfiguração do mundo social e ressignificação das categorias fundadoras dos territórios periféricos, em curso no país nas últimas décadas, também o espaço urbano se reconfigura: nesse sentido, direciona-se a refletir, de modo articulado, sobre as dimensões sociais e territoriais dessas mudanças e permanências. Tomando como base a realização de uma pesquisa de campo de caráter etnográfico na cidade de São Carlos - SP, são investigadas trajetórias urbanas de moradores de periferias que, nas últimas décadas, transitaram pela cidade em busca de moradia, bem como os cruzamentos, tangenciamentos ou desencontros com as políticas urbanas e habitacionais empreendidas nesse mesmo período. Tais trajetórias são encaradas como uma entrada privilegiada para o estudo das dinâmicas socioespaciais envolvidas em processos situados de produção, apropriação e significação das periferias urbanas, ao permitir apreender tais processos nas injunções entre espaço e sociedade. A tese delineia uma cartografia espaço-temporal de territorialidades e experiências urbanas ditas marginais ou periféricas, revelando cidades outras: cidades feitas de desenraizamentos, vulnerabilidades e ajustes, mas também de relações, simbolizações e projetos, cuja multiplicidade de dimensões históricas, concepções em ato ou devires possíveis somente se dão a apreender a partir das práticas e narrativas dos sujeitos. Estabelece, assim, um diálogo sobre as dobras que configuram, simultaneamente, territórios, subjetividades e sensibilidades; percursos, narrativas e espaços; pobreza, experiência urbana e cidades; produção de conhecimento e produção do espaço. / Being inserted in debates about poverty and cities in Brazil, the research deals with the links among housing displacements, socio-spatial mobility, family dynamics and urban policies in recent processes of urban space production. The dissertation starts from the argument that, in the context of reconfiguration of the social world and re-signification of the founding categories of surrounding territories, in progress in the country in recent decades, the urban space is also reconfigured: in this sense, it is directed to reflect, in an articulated way, about social and territorial dimensions of these changes and continuities. Based on the completion of an ethnographic field research in the city of São Carlos - SP, it investigates urban trajectories of residents of surrounding areas who, over the last decades, passed through the city in search of housing, as well as the crossings, tangents or divergences with the urban and housing policies undertaken during the same period. Such trajectories are faced as a prime input for the study of socio-spatial dynamics involved in situated processes of production, appropriation and significance of urban surrounding areas, while allowing for apprehending such processes in the injunctions between space and society. The dissertation outlines a spatio-temporal cartography of urban territorialities and experiences considered marginal or peripheral, revealing other cities: cities made out of uprooting, vulnerabilities and adjustments, but also of relationships, symbolizations and projects, whose multiplicity of historical dimensions, conceptions in act or possible future ones, take place just to be apprehended as from the practices and narratives of the subjects. A dialogue is thus established on the folds that simultaneously shape territories, subjectivities and sensibilities; pathways, narratives and spaces; poverty, urban experience and cities; production of knowledge and production of space.