Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de refletir sobre o problema das pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social, que têm a rua como seu espaço de sociabilidade e, muitas vezes, de moradia, está longe de ser uma novidade no Brasil. Podemos encontrar registros a respeito da existência deste fenômeno e de tentativas de solucioná-lo desde os tempos do Império. Mas o problema se prolifera após o processo de industrialização, no começo do século XX, em decorrência da pobreza causada pelo desastroso adensamento urbano, sobretudo na cidade de São Paulo. Desde então a temática é amplamente abordada e discutida por juristas e membros de diversos setores da sociedade, que buscam uma solução para a questão. Porém, a heterogeneidade destes sujeitos que vivem na rua é grande: passa pelas diferentes faixas etárias (crianças, adolescente, adultos e idosos) e também pelas diferenças de gênero. Cada grupo etário apresenta especificidades. Elas se expressam em escolhas distintas quanto aos locais nos quais passam a noite estratégias de sobrevivência formas de socialização e muitos outros condicionantes da permanência na rua. Desta forma, admitindo que a sociedade possui resquícios do patriarcalismo, buscamos empreender um estudo acerca da realidade de mulheres adolescentes que estão submersas no contexto da vulnerabilidade social e na situação de rua. Procuramos identificar as adversidades do cotidiano destas adolescentes e compreender os mecanismos da exclusão social e das múltiplas violências sofridas, sobretudo daquelas que se relacionam diretamente com o fato de serem mulheres. Buscamos traçar um perfil das adolescentes que fizeram parte da pesquisa, apreender suas concepções do que é ser mulher e as suas estratégias em relação aos estigmas e aos papéis sociais femininos designados a elas. Refletimos, ainda, acerca do papel das políticas públicas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research seeks to analyze the problem of people who live in situations of social vulnerability. The condition of people who have the street as their space of sociability and, sometimes, of dwelling, is far from being an anomaly in Brazil. We can find records that indicate the existence of this phenomenon as well as attempts to solve it since the Empire times. However, the problem began to proliferate after the age of industrialization - which started in the beginning of 20th century - due to the poverty caused by the disastrous urban denseness, especially in the city of São Paulo. Since then this topic has been broadly broached and discussed by legislators, intellectuals, and people from different segments of society, who seek to find a solution for the problem. Nonetheless, the heterogeneity of these people who live on the streets is large, and represents a diverseness that consists of different age levels (including children, adolescents, adults and elderly people) and also gender differences. Each group has its own peculiarities. These are expressed in the different choices that they make regarding the places where they spend the night, strategies for surviving, ways of socialization, and other conditionals that guarantee their stay on the streets. Thus, by admitting that Brazilian society has residual remnants of patriarchy, we endeavor to study the reality of the adolescent women who are submerged in a context of social vulnerability, experiencing the street situation. We plan to identify the adversities of their daily lives and comprehend the mechanisms of their social exclusion as well as the multiple expressions of violence that they have to face, especially acts of violence that are directly related to fact that they are women. We seek to highlight the main characteristics of the adolescents who took part of our research to apprehend their conceptions of what being a woman... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Sueli Andruccioli Félix / Coorientador: Ethel Volfzon Kominski / Banca: Tânia Sueli Antonelli Marcelino Brabo / Banca: Marisa Fefferman / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-10-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_pg_me_mar.pdf: 644369 bytes, checksum: 0dfecd45851e3fc0c4f1484c13db2e1f (MD5) / A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de refletir sobre o problema das pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social, que têm a rua como seu espaço de sociabilidade e, muitas vezes, de moradia, está longe de ser uma novidade no Brasil. Podemos encontrar registros a respeito da existência deste fenômeno e de tentativas de solucioná-lo desde os tempos do Império. Mas o problema se prolifera após o processo de industrialização, no começo do século XX, em decorrência da pobreza causada pelo desastroso adensamento urbano, sobretudo na cidade de São Paulo. Desde então a temática é amplamente abordada e discutida por juristas e membros de diversos setores da sociedade, que buscam uma solução para a questão. Porém, a heterogeneidade destes sujeitos que vivem na rua é grande: passa pelas diferentes faixas etárias (crianças, adolescente, adultos e idosos) e também pelas diferenças de gênero. Cada grupo etário apresenta especificidades. Elas se expressam em escolhas distintas quanto aos locais nos quais passam a noite estratégias de sobrevivência formas de socialização e muitos outros condicionantes da permanência na rua. Desta forma, admitindo que a sociedade possui resquícios do patriarcalismo, buscamos empreender um estudo acerca da realidade de mulheres adolescentes que estão submersas no contexto da vulnerabilidade social e na situação de rua. Procuramos identificar as adversidades do cotidiano destas adolescentes e compreender os mecanismos da exclusão social e das múltiplas violências sofridas, sobretudo daquelas que se relacionam diretamente com o fato de serem mulheres. Buscamos traçar um perfil das adolescentes que fizeram parte da pesquisa, apreender suas concepções do que é ser mulher e as suas estratégias em relação aos estigmas e aos papéis sociais femininos designados a elas. Refletimos, ainda, acerca do papel das políticas públicas... / This research seeks to analyze the problem of people who live in situations of social vulnerability. The condition of people who have the street as their space of sociability and, sometimes, of dwelling, is far from being an anomaly in Brazil. We can find records that indicate the existence of this phenomenon as well as attempts to solve it since the Empire times. However, the problem began to proliferate after the age of industrialization - which started in the beginning of 20th century - due to the poverty caused by the disastrous urban denseness, especially in the city of São Paulo. Since then this topic has been broadly broached and discussed by legislators, intellectuals, and people from different segments of society, who seek to find a solution for the problem. Nonetheless, the heterogeneity of these people who live on the streets is large, and represents a diverseness that consists of different age levels (including children, adolescents, adults and elderly people) and also gender differences. Each group has its own peculiarities. These are expressed in the different choices that they make regarding the places where they spend the night, strategies for surviving, ways of socialization, and other conditionals that guarantee their stay on the streets. Thus, by admitting that Brazilian society has residual remnants of patriarchy, we endeavor to study the reality of the adolescent women who are submerged in a context of social vulnerability, experiencing the street situation. We plan to identify the adversities of their daily lives and comprehend the mechanisms of their social exclusion as well as the multiple expressions of violence that they have to face, especially acts of violence that are directly related to fact that they are women. We seek to highlight the main characteristics of the adolescents who took part of our research to apprehend their conceptions of what being a woman... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Dans le chaos de la vie contemporaine, il faut de plus en plus apprendre à écouter ; écouter les gens, la nature, mais aussi les lieux, les espaces, leurs parois. Les murs n’ont pas que des oreilles : ils parlent. Ils parlent d’un récit in-ouïe de l’humanité, d’espaces vibrants et chuchotant. Dans le fracas de nos souvenances, il faut tendre l’oreille pour prendre conscience de notre univers, de nos espaces sonores. Ma pratique artistique a pour centre d’intérêt le son et la perception de l’espace sonore. Je crée des parcours, des méditations, des situations, des enregistrements de terrain, des témoignages et des récits qui sondent la ténuité du silence et la résonance des zones d’écoute. A l’écoute du bruit de fond et de l’écho qui remplissent les lieux, je me déplace pour tenter d’exposer la survivance des espaces sonores. Au cœur d’un monde sonore, plusieurs artistes contemporains engagent des dynamiques de renvoi de l’écoute et du corps. La survivance prend forme dans des traces, des résidus et des fossiles sonores, qui sont autant de témoignages de nos traversées que de paysages résistant a leur propre disparition. Pour entendre ces résidus sonores, pour voir la survivance des espaces sonores, je fais appel à des participants qui découvrent leur conscience auditive et performent le mouvement d’un corps-sonar, un mouvement en résonance entre le corps, l’espace et la collecte d’informations provenant du passé. Le corps‐sonar, qui entre en contact avec l’invisible, touche l’écho des espaces, révélant par le fait même notre imaginaire touché. Cette thèse raconte mon parcours dans l’univers du son, la traversée de ma pratique personnelle, de mes œuvres comme de mes récits. Elle donne également le rôle principal aux œuvres décrites et étudiées sous l’angle de la conscience auditive et de la survivance des espaces sonores. Elle traverse les créations de plusieurs artistes, de John Cage à Brandon Labelle, en passant par Pauline Oliveros et Alvin Lucier. Elle parcourt aussi la pensée de nombre de théoriciens, dont Didier Anzieu, Raymond Murray Schafer, Georges Didi-Huberman et Michel Serres. Écoutons-les, pour voir. / In the chaos of contemporary life, it is more and more necessary to learn how to listen: listening to people, to nature, but also to places, to spaces, to their walls (parois). Walls do not only have ears; they speak. They speak of an unheard (in-ouïe) about humanity, about vibrating and whispering spaces. In the clash of our remembering, it is necessary to stretch the ear in order to become conscious of our universe, or our aural spaces. My art practice focuses on sound and aural spatial awareness. I create sound journeys, meditations, situations, field recordings, testimonies and stories that explore the silence’s tenuousness and the resonance of listening areas. While listening to the background noise and the echo that fill in the places, I am moving in an attempt to expose the Surviving Aural Spaces. At the heart of a sonic world, various contemporary artists are engaged in dynamics of referencing (renvoi) to the listening and to the body. The surviving takes form in sound traces, sound residues and sound fossils, that all witness our journeys as well as landscapes resisting to their own disappearance. In order to hearing those sound residues, to seeing the surviving of aural spaces, I am making use of participants whom discover their auditory awareness and perform a sonar-body movement, a movement that resonates between the body, the space and the information collected from the past. The sonar-body contacts the invisible, touches the echo of spaces, thus revealing our touched imaginary. The present thesis relates my journey in the universe of sound, the crossing of my personal practice, of my works as well as my narratives. It also gives the leading role to the works, described and studied from the angle of auditory awareness and the surviving of aural spaces. It goes through the creation of various artists, from John Cage to Brandon Labelle, via Pauline Oliveros and Alvin Lucier. It also browses the thinking of many theorists, including Didier Anzieu, Raymond Murray Schafer, Georges Didi-Huberman and Michel Serres. Let’s listen to them, to see.

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, responsible for nearly one in six deaths. Thus, there is a need for a greater understanding of cancer for the development of novel therapeutics. This master thesis project aims to compare the proteome signatures between dying and surviving cancer cells treated with diverse anticancer drugs. The first aim is to investigate if drug targets behave similarly and have the same sign (up- or down-regulation) in dying versus surviving cells. The second aim is to validate that combining the dying cancer cell’s proteome with the surviving cell’s can help improve drug target rankings for anticancer treatments. The third aim is to identify proteins and pathways involved in life and death decisions by comparing dying and surviving states in response to the anticancer drugs in different cell lines. First, we demonstrate that drug target behaviour in dying versus surviving cells is almost identical for nine diverse anticancer compounds with a correlation of 0.93. To identify drug targets, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) modelling was performed to contrast the proteome signature of one anticancer drug against all other drugs and rank the proteins based on the magnitude of the model’s predictive component. There were occasions when the dying cells gave better rankings than the surviving ones. In some cases, the best target rankings were obtained when combining the data from both surviving and dying cells. To identify proteins and pathways involved in life and death decisions, OPLS-DA modelling contrasting the two states was performed, and heatmaps and scatterplots of dying and surviving log2 fold changes were made. As a result, several pathways involved in cell survival and cell death were identified. In addition, at least six proteins consistently differentially regulated between the surviving and dying cells were identified. Such proteins can be considered as putative survival (resistance) or sensitivity biomarkers and serve as potential drug targets for the development of novel anticancer agents.

No description available.

In this research report the estate implications for a marriage or civil partnership, entered into in terms of the Civil Union Act, are identified by determining the impact thereof and whether or not there are any differences with regard to the estate implications of a traditional marriage. The Civil Union Act came into effect to give legality to the relationship between homosexual couples by providing the option to conclude a marriage or civil partnership. Both of these institutions thus have the same legal consequences. According to Section 13 of the Civil Union Act the implications of the Marriage Act also apply to the Civil Union Act. The feasibility of this principle is not taken into account regarding estate implications. Since a marriage and civil partnership in terms of the Civil Union Act differs from a traditional marriage, it leads to uncertainty with regard to the application of this principle. This uncertainty and estate implications are the topic of this study. The total effect of the Civil Union Act is not discussed in the Civil Union Act, but rather consists of references to other legislation. Consequently the specific estate implications for a marriage or civil partnership, entered into in terms of the Civil Union Act, are discussed with specific focus on marriage regimes, maintenance, purchasing of household necessities, donations and tax benefits. Both the position before and after the Civil Union Act are considered. Firstly marriage regimes are discussed since it is the first step in identifying estate implications for the marriage or civil partnership. Maintenance is considered a direct result of a marriage and is referred to in many laws. It is therefore necessary to discuss the content of the legislation and whether or not it is compatible with the Civil Union Act. The buying of household necessities, donations and tax benefits has a unique effect on a marriage and the focus in this study is on the effect it has on a marriage and civil partnership entered into in terms of the Civil Union Act. The conclusion is that this research report will provide clarity on what exactly the estate implications are for parties who have married or concluded a civil partnership in terms of the Civil Union Act. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

In this research report the estate implications for a marriage or civil partnership, entered into in terms of the Civil Union Act, are identified by determining the impact thereof and whether or not there are any differences with regard to the estate implications of a traditional marriage. The Civil Union Act came into effect to give legality to the relationship between homosexual couples by providing the option to conclude a marriage or civil partnership. Both of these institutions thus have the same legal consequences. According to Section 13 of the Civil Union Act the implications of the Marriage Act also apply to the Civil Union Act. The feasibility of this principle is not taken into account regarding estate implications. Since a marriage and civil partnership in terms of the Civil Union Act differs from a traditional marriage, it leads to uncertainty with regard to the application of this principle. This uncertainty and estate implications are the topic of this study. The total effect of the Civil Union Act is not discussed in the Civil Union Act, but rather consists of references to other legislation. Consequently the specific estate implications for a marriage or civil partnership, entered into in terms of the Civil Union Act, are discussed with specific focus on marriage regimes, maintenance, purchasing of household necessities, donations and tax benefits. Both the position before and after the Civil Union Act are considered. Firstly marriage regimes are discussed since it is the first step in identifying estate implications for the marriage or civil partnership. Maintenance is considered a direct result of a marriage and is referred to in many laws. It is therefore necessary to discuss the content of the legislation and whether or not it is compatible with the Civil Union Act. The buying of household necessities, donations and tax benefits has a unique effect on a marriage and the focus in this study is on the effect it has on a marriage and civil partnership entered into in terms of the Civil Union Act. The conclusion is that this research report will provide clarity on what exactly the estate implications are for parties who have married or concluded a civil partnership in terms of the Civil Union Act. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Aim of this diploma thesis is to compare different forms of narrating of the holocaust through Children's eyes. Pure child's narration has much bigger impact on reader than narration of an adult, enriched with metaphors and attributes. In this way child's point of view extends the ethical dimension of holocaust narration. We will examine the discourse of child's narration in three diaries (The Diary of David Sierakowiak, The Diary of Mary Berg, The Beautiful Days of My Youth by Ana Novac), one Fictional diary (The Unloved. From the Diary of Perla S. by Arnošt Lustig) and a novella (Child of the Shadows by Henryk Grynberg). Children's narrators of the holocaust are characterized by psychological maturity, which contrasts with their official age. On the other hand they reveal childishness, while growing up, because of their unfinished childhood. In those books we will examine changing of the narrators discourse and his depiction of space (ghetto, concentration camp, shelter) and persons (family, friend, Nazis). We will also focus on distinct motives that form these books (e.g.: hunger, guilt, comic, Paradise, game).

Dentre as 18 espécies do gênero Yersinia, as espécies Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis e Y. pestis foram extensivamente caracterizadas em diversos aspectos como ecologia, epidemiologia e mecanismos de patogenicidade. Sete das 15 espécies restantes (Y. aldovae, Y. bercovieri, Y. frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, Y. kristensenii, Y. mollaretii e Y. rohdei), usualmente conhecidas como Y. enterocolitica-like, até o momento, não tiveram seu potencial patogênico caracterizado e são, geralmente, consideradas não-patogênicas. Entretanto, dados da literatura sugerem que algumas dessas espécies possam causar doença. Esses dados estimularam o surgimento de questões sobre os mecanismos pelos quais as espécies de Y. enterocolitica-like possam interagir com as células do hospedeiros e causar doenças. Esse projeto teve como principal objetivo caracterizar o potencial patogênico de linhagens de Y. enterocolitica-like, especificamente das espécies Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii e Y. intermedia. No presente trabalho, o potencial patogênico de 118 linhagens de Y. enterocolitica-like (50 Y. frederiksenii, 55 Y. intermedia e 13 Y. kristensenii) foi avaliado pela pesquisa da presença dos genes relacionados à virulência ail, fepA, fepD, fes, hreP, myfA, tccC, ystA, ystB e virF por PCR. Além disso, a habilidade de algumas linhagens de Yersinia de aderir e invadir células Caco-2 e HEp-2 após diferentes períodos de incubação, bem como, de sobreviver no interior de macrófagos humanos U937 foi testada. Aspectos morfológicos da adesão bacteriana foram visualizados por microscopia eletrônica. Finalmente, a presença de possíveis novos mecanismos de virulência foi avaliada a partir do sequenciamento de RNA de uma linhagem de Y. enterocolitica-like. As linhagens estudadas apresentaram os seguintes genes: Y. frederiksenii, fepA (44%), fes (44%) e ystB (18%); Y. intermedia, ail (53%), fepA (35%), fepD (2%), fes (97%), hreP (2%), ystB (2%) e tccC (35%); e Y. kristensenii, ail (62%), ystB (23%), fepA (77%), fepD (54%), fes (54%) e hreP (54%). De modo geral, as linhagens de Y. enterocolitica-like tiveram a habilidade de aderir e invadir células Caco-2 e HEp-2 inferior à da linhagem altamente patogênica Y. enterocolitica 8081. Contudo, Y. kristensenii FCF 410 e Y. frederiksenii FCF 461 apresentaram elevado potencial de invasão a células Caco-2 após cinco dias de pré-incubação, os quais foram 45 e 7,2 vezes maiores do que o controle Y. enterocolitica 8081, respectivamente, porém, o gene ail não foi detectado nessas linhagens. O ensaio de sobrevivência em macrófagos humanos U937 ii mostrou que as linhagens de Y. frederiksenii FCF 461 (40,0%) e Y. frederiksenii FCF 379 (24,6%) tiveram porcentagens de sobrevivência superior à de Y. enterocolitica 8081 (13,4%). Todavia, linhagens de Y. intermedia e Y. kristensenii apresentaram uma capacidade reduzida de sobreviver em macrófagos. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostrou as bactérias em contato com a filipódia celular. As bactérias foram distribuídas tanto individualmente quanto em pequenos aglomerados. Portanto, podemos concluir que a presença dos genes relacionados à virulência encontrados nas Y. enterocolitica-like estudadas indicou o possível potencial patogênico de algumas dessas linhagens. Os ensaios de adesão e invasão a células de mamíferos sugerem que a patogenicidade de Y. kristensenii e Y. frederiksenii possa ser linhagem-dependente. O ensaio de sobrevivência em macrófagos humanos U937 evidenciou o potencial patogênico de algumas linhagens de Y. frederiksenii. Em conjunto, os resultados obtidos sugerem a existência de mecanismos de virulência alternativos aos mecanismos clássicos descritos para Y. enterocolitica patogênica. Contudo, a presença de possíveis novos mecanismos de virulência não pode ser verificada, uma vez que a plataforma 454 GS Junior (Roche) não se mostrou adequada para a realização de sequenciamento de RNA de amostras provenientes de interações com células devido à baixa cobertura obtida. / Among the 18 species of the Yersinia genus, Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis were extensively characterized in different subjects as ecology, epidemiology and pathogenicity mechanisms. Seven among the remaining 15 species (Y. aldovae, Y. bercovieri, Y. frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, Y. kristensenii, Y. mollaretii and Y. rohdei), often called Y. enterocolitica-like have not their pathogenic potential characterized and are usually considered to be nonpathogenic. However, literature data suggest that some of these species can cause diseases. These data stimulate the upsurge of questions about the mechanisms of which Y. enterocolitica-like species may interact with host cells and cause diseases. The main objective of this preject was to characterize the pathogenic potential of Y. enterocolitica-like strains, specifically of the species Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. intermedia. This work evaluated the pathogenic potential of 118 Y. enterocolitica-like strains (50 Y. frederiksenii, 55 Y. intermedia and 13 Y. kristensenii) searching for the presence of the virulence-related genes ail, fepA, fepD, fes, hreP, myfA, tccC, ystA, ystB and virF by PCR. Besides, Yersinia strains ability of adhesion and invasion to Caco-2 and HEp-2 cells after different pre-incubation periods, and its survival within human macrophages U937 were tested. Morphologic aspects of bacterial adhesion were observed by scanning electronic microscopy. Finally, the presence of new possible virulence mechanisms was evaluated through RNA sequencing of one Y. enterocolitica-like strain. The studied strains showed the following genes: Y. frederiksenii, fepA (44%), fes (44%) and ystB (18%); Y. intermedia, ail (53%), fepA (35%), fepD (2%), fes (97%), hreP (2%), ystB (2%) and tccC (35%); and Y. kristensenii, ail (62%), ystB (23%), fepA (77%), fepD (54%), fes (54%) and hreP (54%). Usually Y. enterocolitica-like strains presented less ability of adhere and invade Caco-2 and HEp-2 cells than the highly pathogenic strain Y. enterocolitica 8081. On the other hand, Y. kristensenii FCF 410 and Y. frederiksenii FCF 461 showed high potential of invasion in Caco-2 cells after 5 days of pre-incubation, which were 45 and 7.2 times higher than the control Y. enterocolitica 8081 respectively, but ail gene was not found in these strains. Survival assay in human macrophages U937 showed that Y. frederiksenii FCF 461 (40.0%) and Y. frederiksenii FCF 379 (24.6%) strains presented survival percentages higher than Y. enterocolitica 8081 (13.4%). However, Y. intermedia and Y. iv kristensenii strains showed a reduced capability of surviving in macrophages. Scanning electron microscopy showed bacteria at the surface in contact with the cellular filopodia. The bacteria were distributed either individually or in small clumps. Therefore, it may be concluded that the presence of virulence-related genes in some of the Y. enterocolitica-like strains indicated their possible pathogenic potential. Mammal cells adhesion and invasion assays suggest that the pathogenicity of Y. kristensenii and Y. frederiksenii may be strain-dependent. Human macrophages U937 surviving assay highlighted the pathogenic potential of some Y. frederiksenii strains. Together, the results suggest the existence of alternative virulence mechanisms other than the classical mechanisms described for pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. However, we could not verify the presence of possible new virulence mechanisms because 454 GS Junior (Roche) platform was not suitable for RNA sequencing of strains from cells interaction due its low coverage obtained.

No description available.