Thesis (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 46 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-46).

Ce mémoire explore des façons de conceptualiser la responsabilité dans des cas où des individus contribuent de façon peu significative à des torts collectifs éloignés. Pour contextualiser la discussion, la relation entre des actes de consommation et la perpétuation des « sweatshops » dans l’industrie des textiles et des chaussures est utilisée. Une approche basée sur les droits humains est déployée pour définir le tort qui est présent dans les usines de textiles et une conceptualisation de la connection est proposée selon la notion de la structure sociale. Guidé par la notion de « unstructured collective harms » proposée par Christopher Kutz, et en comparaison avec des notions de responsabilité qui mettent la responsabilité nationale en premier plan, les conclusions qui sont offertes ici sont centrées sur l’importance de la confrontation du consommateur pour remédier aux effets du problème d’action collective qui est au coeur de la création des torts collectifs lointains. Finalement, l’importance du cosmopolitanisme comme une façon de stabiliser des théories de responsabilité à travers les frontières est mis en évidence. / This paper explores ways of conceptualizing responsibility in cases where individual agents contribute in marginal ways to a distant collective harm. To contextualize the discussion, the relationship between consumer acts and the perpetuation of sweatshop labour in the Textiles, Clothing, and Footwear Industry has been focused upon. A human rights framework is adopted to define the harm that occurs on sweatshop floors and an understanding of connection to the harm has been proposed using the concept of social structure. Guided by the notion of unstructured collective harms, defined by Christopher Kutz, and in contrast to so called nation-centred approaches to responsibility, the conclusions here centre on the need to confront individuals with their contributions to distant collective harms as a way of countering the collective action problem that leads to distant collective harms. Finally, the importance of cosmopolitanism, as a way of stabilizing accounts of responsibility across borders, is emphasized.

Ce mémoire explore des façons de conceptualiser la responsabilité dans des cas où des individus contribuent de façon peu significative à des torts collectifs éloignés. Pour contextualiser la discussion, la relation entre des actes de consommation et la perpétuation des « sweatshops » dans l’industrie des textiles et des chaussures est utilisée. Une approche basée sur les droits humains est déployée pour définir le tort qui est présent dans les usines de textiles et une conceptualisation de la connection est proposée selon la notion de la structure sociale. Guidé par la notion de « unstructured collective harms » proposée par Christopher Kutz, et en comparaison avec des notions de responsabilité qui mettent la responsabilité nationale en premier plan, les conclusions qui sont offertes ici sont centrées sur l’importance de la confrontation du consommateur pour remédier aux effets du problème d’action collective qui est au coeur de la création des torts collectifs lointains. Finalement, l’importance du cosmopolitanisme comme une façon de stabiliser des théories de responsabilité à travers les frontières est mis en évidence. / This paper explores ways of conceptualizing responsibility in cases where individual agents contribute in marginal ways to a distant collective harm. To contextualize the discussion, the relationship between consumer acts and the perpetuation of sweatshop labour in the Textiles, Clothing, and Footwear Industry has been focused upon. A human rights framework is adopted to define the harm that occurs on sweatshop floors and an understanding of connection to the harm has been proposed using the concept of social structure. Guided by the notion of unstructured collective harms, defined by Christopher Kutz, and in contrast to so called nation-centred approaches to responsibility, the conclusions here centre on the need to confront individuals with their contributions to distant collective harms as a way of countering the collective action problem that leads to distant collective harms. Finally, the importance of cosmopolitanism, as a way of stabilizing accounts of responsibility across borders, is emphasized.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 214-226). Also available on the Internet.

This dissertation examines the conventions used to frame and represent sweatshops in and to the U.S. Employing qualitative research methods this dissertation examines U.S. anti-sweatshop discourse, analyzing how the sweatshop and the sweatshop worker are made into exceptional objects of inquiry, and considers what kinds of truths and subjects are garnered from them. This dissertation argues that U.S. anti-sweatshop discourse frames sweatshops as an inherently foreign problem, and that this framing contributes to U.S. exceptionalism and savior ideology. This framing positions U.S. subjects as the primary agents of change whose relation to sweatshops is crucial to their eradication, and renders causal blame upon the racialized poor within the U.S. I argue that this framing undergirds the proliferation of new ethical markets that reproduce dislocation, dispossession, and displacement within U.S. borders via retail gentrification. Ultimately, this dissertation asks what truths are made possible through a mobilizing discourse whose foundational premise is contingent on the imagery of the sweatshop and the sweatshop worker.

This dissertation examines the way rhetorical performances of identity function within a social movement. Examining the University of Kentucky chapter of a campus activist organization, United Students Against Sweatshops, I argue that embodied performances of identity often leverage spectacle in disruptive ways and work not only to solidify activists’ identities as part of a social movement but ultimately help to create solidarity within the movement, thereby working toward movement objectives. Historically under-examined in social movement literature in the rhetoric and composition tradition, identity performance examples are taken from an oral history project and archival materials to show how identity is constructed and reinforced in ways that make it an important tool with which to achieve social movement goals.

The purpose of this dissertation is to examine both the gendered and racialized nature of workplace risk and compensation in the manufacturing industry of apparel. The author selects this industry because of its low-wage, labor intensive, and "deskilled" work, performed in often unsafe employment environments with minimal governmental regulations and limited unionization. The apparel industry is also characterized by its large percentage of racial and ethnic minorities, especially immigrant employees, that further disadvantage them in terms of communication barriers, threat of deportation, and the multiple and intersecting marginalizations associated with occupying a low-wage, minority and/or immigrant status. The gendered effects of workplace risk are addressed in the garment industry, as women and girls largely comprise these workers. Using governmental data, including Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data, the author measures the incidences, rates, and demographic characteristics associated with workplace injuries and illnesses for the years 1993-2002. In addition to occupational injuries and illnesses in these industries, the author examines Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division data to examine the incidences and types of compensation violations from the years 1993-2002. Finally, the author examines the limitations of government safety and compensation regulations and enforcement, and the corrective measures that are needed to uphold and safeguard the occupational health, safety, and compensation rights of these workers.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Geraldo Adriano Godoy de Campos.pdf: 823036 bytes, checksum: 5361a0d8654a8e9dcfd3a49b314e3088 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims at answering the follow question: how does the production of subjetivity happen in the context of bolivian immigrant labor in the sweatshops in São Paulo? The theme is relevant, considering the conditions of labor exploitation of the bolivian immigrants. The sweatshops in which the exploitation takes places are hired by large brands of the textile industry, through the process of outsourcing. The element of differentiation of this research is present in the theoretical approach itself, since it does not take the concept of identity as an analytical reference. The proposal of this work is to develop the perspective in which the production of subjectivity is not something given a priori, as an immutable essence. Neither is it individual. The subjectivity, composed by heterogeneous elements, is produced in the social sphere. The four plans that are considered as the variables of the research are: labor conditions; legal and political dimension; sociospatial dynamics of the textile production in the city; the functionality of the exploitation of immigrant labor em relation to the selective permeability of the national borders. The methodological approach is qualitative. The techniques used in the research were the interviews and participant-observation, that happen in São Paulo, La Paz (2007 and 2008) and Buenos Aires. The research has also benefit itself from the ethnographic experience from the past years. The results announced suggests that the reproduction of the situation of irregularity, determined by the anachronism of the brazilian legislation, strengthens the construction of an immigrant-illegal-slave-identity that directely affects the production of subjectivity of the bolivian immigrants in São Paulo / Este trabalho busca responder à seguinte questão-problema: de que forma se dá a produção de subjetividade no contexto do trabalho de imigrantes bolivianos nas oficinas de costura em São Paulo? O tema é relevante, considerando as condições de exploração de trabalho às quais estão submetidos os imigrantes. As oficinas nas quais a exploração ocorre são subcontratadas por grandes marcas da indústria têxtil, por meio de práticas terceirizadas. O diferencial da pesquisa demonstra-se na própria abordagem, que não assume o conceito de identidade como referencial de análise. Trabalha-se com a perspectiva de que a subjetivação (ou produção de subjetividade) não é algo dado a priori, essência imutável e tampouco é individual. A subjetividade, composta por elementos heterogêneos, é fabricada no registro do social. Os quatro planos considerados como as variáveis da pesquisa são: condições de trabalho, plano político-jurídico, dinâmica sócio-espacial da produção têxtil na cidade e a funcionalidade da exploração de mão-de-obra imigrante face à porosidade seletiva das fronteiras nacionais. Utiliza-se metodologia de vertente qualititativa. As técnicas utilizadas foram entrevistas e observação-participante, realizadas em São Paulo, na Bolívia (em 2007 e 2008) e em Buenos Aires. A pesquisa também beneficiou-se da experiência etnográfica realizada nos últimos anos. Os resultados anunciados sugerem que a reprodução da situação de irregularidade, condicionada pelo anacronismo da legislação brasileira, reforçam a construção de uma identidade-imigrante-escravo-ilegal que afeta diretamente a produção de subjetividade dos bolivianos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Geraldo Adriano Godoy de Campos.pdf: 823036 bytes, checksum: 5361a0d8654a8e9dcfd3a49b314e3088 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims at answering the follow question: how does the production of subjetivity happen in the context of bolivian immigrant labor in the sweatshops in São Paulo? The theme is relevant, considering the conditions of labor exploitation of the bolivian immigrants. The sweatshops in which the exploitation takes places are hired by large brands of the textile industry, through the process of outsourcing. The element of differentiation of this research is present in the theoretical approach itself, since it does not take the concept of identity as an analytical reference. The proposal of this work is to develop the perspective in which the production of subjectivity is not something given a priori, as an immutable essence. Neither is it individual. The subjectivity, composed by heterogeneous elements, is produced in the social sphere. The four plans that are considered as the variables of the research are: labor conditions; legal and political dimension; sociospatial dynamics of the textile production in the city; the functionality of the exploitation of immigrant labor em relation to the selective permeability of the national borders. The methodological approach is qualitative. The techniques used in the research were the interviews and participant-observation, that happen in São Paulo, La Paz (2007 and 2008) and Buenos Aires. The research has also benefit itself from the ethnographic experience from the past years. The results announced suggests that the reproduction of the situation of irregularity, determined by the anachronism of the brazilian legislation, strengthens the construction of an immigrant-illegal-slave-identity that directely affects the production of subjectivity of the bolivian immigrants in São Paulo / Este trabalho busca responder à seguinte questão-problema: de que forma se dá a produção de subjetividade no contexto do trabalho de imigrantes bolivianos nas oficinas de costura em São Paulo? O tema é relevante, considerando as condições de exploração de trabalho às quais estão submetidos os imigrantes. As oficinas nas quais a exploração ocorre são subcontratadas por grandes marcas da indústria têxtil, por meio de práticas terceirizadas. O diferencial da pesquisa demonstra-se na própria abordagem, que não assume o conceito de identidade como referencial de análise. Trabalha-se com a perspectiva de que a subjetivação (ou produção de subjetividade) não é algo dado a priori, essência imutável e tampouco é individual. A subjetividade, composta por elementos heterogêneos, é fabricada no registro do social. Os quatro planos considerados como as variáveis da pesquisa são: condições de trabalho, plano político-jurídico, dinâmica sócio-espacial da produção têxtil na cidade e a funcionalidade da exploração de mão-de-obra imigrante face à porosidade seletiva das fronteiras nacionais. Utiliza-se metodologia de vertente qualititativa. As técnicas utilizadas foram entrevistas e observação-participante, realizadas em São Paulo, na Bolívia (em 2007 e 2008) e em Buenos Aires. A pesquisa também beneficiou-se da experiência etnográfica realizada nos últimos anos. Os resultados anunciados sugerem que a reprodução da situação de irregularidade, condicionada pelo anacronismo da legislação brasileira, reforçam a construção de uma identidade-imigrante-escravo-ilegal que afeta diretamente a produção de subjetividade dos bolivianos