Grades and assessment are a natural part in the school's everyday existence, deliberations about equivalent assessment is discussed all the time between teachers, students, home and school. They that in front are influenced of a grade or a judgement are in first hand the students and therefore are the important for the students to know which objectives and grade criteria that apply for them to achieve at the end of years 9. The aim with this survey is to get the knowledge about how a tutor grade family’s student in a preparatory class in stopped of years 9, in Swedish as a second language. Do the students in a preparatory class's get grades or a judgement? This is interesting also in order to know to which grade criteria students in a preparatory class have to achieve in the compulsory education’s later years and to know how a tutor assesses these students on the basis of those objectives and criteria that apply. In my survey, I have been paid from the tutors ' perspectives on how a grade or an assessment gives equivalent for students in a preparatory class and in order to few a better understanding to how man that teachers sets a grade or gives an equivalent judgement to students that possibly have difficulties to achieve the grade criteria in Swedish as a second languages, because of the language. The procedure in this work has been to interview different tutors that work in a preparatory class, from differently multicultural schools in municipality places in Stockholm. During the result account, the tutors' obvious replies are expressed on the basis of those interviews and research questions as been used as aids and that an important basis in order to can to implement this survey. The result in this survey is that students in a preparatory class not sheep a grade since they do not achieve the requirements for validated in Swedish as a second language without the students’ sheep instead a written judgement. This can cause misunderstandings between teachers and students, then the school has a grade criteria for students in a preparatory class's man knows that they cannot to achieve at the same time as these grade criteria is not any teachers strives after. This can contribute to that the students possibly sheep hopes about a grade when one actually know that they can’t because of the language does not have possibility to achieve.

The essay is about how immigrant pupils are integrated into the Swedish school and society. I have studied how teachers work with integrating these pupils and if there is a plan of act used in their work. The essay is also about how social relations can be used as a pedagogical resource by the teachers when the institutional framework and support is failing. / Min uppsats handlar om hur nyanlända elever integreras i den svenska skolan och samhället. Jag har studerat hur pedagoger arbetar med att integrera dessa elever och om det finns en handlingsplan för integrationsarbetet. Uppsatsen handlar också om hur sociala relationer kan användas som pedagogiska resurser av lärarna när det institutionella ramverket och stöttningen brister.

Syftet med vår studie har varit att undersöka hur pedagogerna arbetar med språket på förskolan med barn som har annat modersmål än svenska. För att vi skulle få en djupare förståelse av pedagogernas erfarenheter och tillvägagångssätt har vi utfört fem intervjuer med verksamma förskollärare. Genom intervjuerna framkom hur pedagogerna själva anser att de arbetar med stimuleringen av flerspråkiga barn, samt vilken betydelse de och förskolan har för att stödja barnet i dess utveckling av ett andraspråk. Därefter har vi jämfört pedagogernas resonemang med litteraturen samt tidigare forskning. Resultatet av jämförelsen visar att pedagogerna är viktiga förebilder, då de finns som ett stöd för att hjälpa barnet i sin kommunikation med andra svensktalande barn. Det finns många olika metoder att använda sig av vid stimulering av språket. Både litteraturen och pedagogerna betonar vikten av att vara tydlig och sätta ord på saker i barnets vardag. Barnets familj och modersmål är även de av betydelse för inlärningen av ett andraspråk. Tryggheten är en annan viktig aspekt för att barnet på bästa sätt ska tillgodogöra sig ett nytt språk.

Högskolan i Gävle    Examensarbete C Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi   15 hp Lärarprogrammet     Vårterminen 2011 Titel: Språket i första eller andra hand? En uppsats om språkutveckling, modersmål och svenska som andraspråk.   Författare: Kajsa Hjelmblom Handledare: Daniel Pettersson Sammanfattning Studiens syfte är att undersöka om lärare i grundskolans tidigare år känner till hela skolans språkutvecklande uppdrag och ta reda på hur klasslärare arbetar med att främja elevernas språkutveckling. Syftet är också att ta reda på om arbetet med elevernas språkutveckling skiljer sig mellan skolor med få eller många elever med invandrarbakgrund samt att undersöka om det finns något samarbete mellan klasslärare och modersmålslärare. Studien är en kvantitativ studie i liten skala. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en enkät som delats ut till klasslärare och modersmålslärare på två skolor, varav en skola har många elever med invandrarbakgrund och en skola har få. Uppsatsen belyser också hur barn utvecklar språk i hemmet och i skolan samt vad modersmål och svenska som andraspråk är. Resultatet visar att det finns varierande engagemang och kunskaper om hela skolans språkutvecklande uppdrag. Några klasslärare visar i enkätundersökningen att de är medvetna om vad det språkutvecklande uppdraget innebär medan andra inte känner till det. Resultat visar också att samarbetet mellan klasslärarna i studien och deras elevers modersmålslärare är nästintill obefintligt.   Nyckelord: Modersmål, svenska som andraspråk, språkutveckling och samarbete. / University of Gävle    Degree C School of Education and the Economy    15 hp Spring 2011 Title: The language in first or second hand? An essay on language development, native language and Swedish as a second language. Authors: Kajsa Hjelmblom Supervisor: Daniel Petterson Summary The purpose of this study was to examine if teachers in primary school are familiar with the school systems language development mission and observe how teachers are working with pupils' language skills. The aim is also examine whether the work with pupils' language skills differs between schools with few or several students with immigrant backgrounds and to look at whether there is collaboration between classroom teachers and home-language teachers. It is a quantitative study with a limited number of participants. The study was conducted using a questionnaire distributed to classroom teachers and home-language teachers in two schools, one school with several pupils from immigrant backgrounds, and a school with few. This paper also illustrates how children develop language skills at home and at school as well as description of what Swedish as a second language is. The results show that the commitment and knowledge of the school systems language development mission vary. The survey shows that some classroom teachers are familiar with what the language development mission is while others are not. Results also show that the cooperation between school teachers and home-language teachers almost is non-existing. Keywords: Native language, mother tongue, Swedish as a second language, language development and cooperation.

The purpose of this essay is to illuminate two teachers’ communication strategies when dealing with pupils with another first language than Swedish. One of the teachers teaches Swedish as a second language and the other teacher educates one class in most of the subjects such as mathematic, Swedish and social studies. I make an ethnographic study where I make non-participating observations and shorter interviews with the teachers. The observations lie in focus of my study and were made at eight occasions, four lessons with each teacher. My result shows that they have a lot of communication strategies in common, but not all. What makes the strategies different are the teachers different classes, there own different educations and their differences in personality. The Swedish as a second language teacher has the proper education for her teaching subject and the other teacher for her classroom. The most important thing to have in mind when teaching pupils with a second language is to have an intercultural approach which illuminates every pupils needs and that this approach stands as the basis for the education.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how two elementary schools work with Swedish and Swedish as a second language through four teachers thoughts and perceptions. My issues are: How do the teachers perceive the Swedish classes in the school, and how do they perceive that they are conducting it? Which examples of material for teaching do the teachers show me and how do they use it in each school? Do the work with Swedish and Swedish as a second language in the multi-ethnic school and the more mono-ethnic school differ according to how the teachers perceive they are conducting it? Do the teachers think that the equivalent education that is part of the curriculums values and mission always is maintained and why/why not? My study is performed from a sociocultural perspective. My conclusions are that the teachers from the multi-ethnic school are more aware of how to work with Swedish or Swedish as a second language regardless of the students ethnic or national origins. Some aspects of how the teachers work with Swedish are equal with each others, but there are differences to. The teachers do not think that the education always is equivalent.

This research shows and analyses how pupils in ninth grade in the nine-year compulsory school look at being multilingual, at the Swedish language and at Swedish as a second language. I also want to know if language and culture knowledge are taken care of in school as it says in official documents for the Swedish school and as it also is desired in an intercultural education. For my research I do eight interviews in a suburb school south of Stockholm. My work includes a limited account for the current research about being multilingual, Swedish as a second language and about the close relationship between language and culture. The applied theory is a social constructivist theory which in short can be explained like that we construct social structures that have consequences on the individual as well as on the society. I show in my research how the view of the world around the pupils influences their view on their languages, their school and their neighbourhood. I also draw conclusions from my interviews that language knowledge is little appreciated in school and that Swedish as a second language has a low status.

The purpose of this  paper is to investigate  how teachers and schools  work with  students  in need of Swedish as second  language.  The essay is based on five  teachers'  questionnaire answers.  Three of the teachers have the competence  to teach Swedish as a second language and two of the teachers lack the competence  but have the competence  to teach Swedish and have experience  of newly  arrived  students.  The survey questions  the respondents  answered are open and the teachers  have written  comprehensive  answers  on how they work  with and teach students  in need of Swedish  as second language.  I’ve had the opportunity  to send supplementary  questions  to the participants,  which  means that there are some similarities between interviews  and my  chosen method.  The result  shows that all teachers see the work on new words and concepts as a central  part of language  development  for newly  arrived students.  Understanding  of comprehension  is important  in understanding  textbooks butalso in discussion  and conversation.  Teachers  also see both the disadvantages  and advantages  of teaching  Swedish and the subject Swedish as a second language  at the same time  in one classroom.  An advantage  is that students  with Swedish as a second language can socialize  with  classmates  with  Swedish as their  first  language  and therefore  have the opportunity  to develop  the language.  One disadvantage  the teachers describe  is that the teacher may find  it difficult  to adapt the teaching  to Swedish  as the second language speaker's needs. Participants  also describe the importance  of working  cross-border to promote Swedish  as second language  learners,  language  development,  but also knowledge development.The conclusion  that I can deduce from the survey is that all teaching  and planning  for pupils  with  Swedish as a second language  should  be tailored  to the needs of each student. Whether  it's about where students  should  be placed, how to teach or what to teach, the teacher should  always  look after the student's  best.

The aim of this study is to examine how a group of bilingual 9th grade students perceive their language development and their linguistic identity through Swedish as a second language. This study focuses on an interview with students in the 9th grade. The content of the interview is analyzed by two theoretical perspectives, Säljö perspective of socio-cultural learning and Lorentz & Bergstedt perspective of intercultural learning. The results from the study show that the students who participated in the interview experience that their language development is influenced by their surroundings, it has also led to the students having multiple linguistic identities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of female and male authors from a genderperspective and how different cultures and ethnicities were represented in three textbooks: SpråkportenSvenska som andraspråk 1 2 3, Kontext Svenska som andraspråk 1 and Kontext Svenska som andraspråk2-3. I have chosen to use a critical discourse analysis to answer my questions. The method is based onNorman Fairclough`s model, which consists of three dimensions: text, discursive practice and socialpractice. The results showed an uneven distribution among female and male authors in all three textbooksmentioned above. Cultures and ethnicities other than Swedish were mentioned to a limited extent. Thecontent of the textbooks was often about differences between groups, while similarities between groupswere given a limited space. Descriptions of other cultures and ethnicities were in some cases one-sided andstereotyped. There were also tendencies towards a we and them discourse where the Swedish we was setagainst the non-Swedish them.