Android and iOS are the world leading mobile operating systems in today’s growing market of handheld devices. Third-party applications are an important aspect of these systems but can also provide an attack-vector for exploiting other installed applications. Previous studies have shown that the Android inter- app communication (IAC) mechanism Intent can be used for causing harm to other apps. In contrast, research involving iOS app communication have been sparse because of the closed nature of the iOS ecosystem. One of the previous studies showed the possibility of using Android Intents for hijacking and forging payments between a company application providing payments via the Swedish payment application Swish and their App2App API. This study extends this previous work by creating an artifact that performs the same exploit on the iOS platform. iOS uses a URL-scheme for opening and sending data between applications. This mechanism is used for creating the communication between apps and finding out if payment information sent via the URL- scheme can be hijacked instead of arriving at the intended Swish application. The experiences drawn from the exploit were used in combination with the previous work to find differences between the IAC mechanisms. Finally, a literature study is presented with the latest mitigation techniques for IAC vulnerabilities.

According to the Swedish Central Bank (2022), the use of mobile payments is low comparedto other traditional payment services in Sweden. The purpose of my study is to examineSwedish consumers' attitudes towards the use of mobile payments in Sweden. The study aimsto answer questions about what attitudes Swedish consumers exhibit towards mobile paymentsand what factors influence their attitudes towards the use of mobile payments. The study isprimarily based on the adoption theory, which includes five factors - relative advantages,compatibility, complexity, testability, and observability - and secondarily on consumerbehaviour and additional factors such as social influence and financial risks. The goal was toidentify the factors that influence Swedish consumers' attitudes towards the use of mobilepayments.According to the results of my quantitative study with a deductive approach, based on aquestionnaire distributed in April 2022 to 100 people using various payment services, Swedishconsumers exhibit a positive attitude towards the use of mobile payments through severalfactors corresponding to relative advantages, compatibility, and social influence. Complexityand financial risks, however, exhibit a negative attitude. The study concludes that consumersuse mobile payments, and that usage is influenced by various factors both positively andnegatively. Compatibility is the biggest positive factor affecting Swedish consumers' attitudestowards the use of mobile payments.Mobile payments replace other payment services because mobile payments have moreadvantages and are compatible with consumers' usage.The study shows that there is no difference between younger and older people when it comesto the use of mobile payments.

Denna studie undersöker hur konkurrenter inom den svenska bankbranschen har samarbetat kring en akut och växande säkerhetsrisk kopplad till gemensamt ägda produkter. Med utgång i en sammankoppling av ​coopetition,​ ett begrepp för att beskriva simultan konkurrens och samarbete, och Strong Structuration Theory, en växelverkan mellan struktur och handling, visar studien hur och varför samarbetet har förändrats över tid, vilka motsättningar som existerar och hur aktörerna samarbetar med bedrägerifrågor. Studiens tydliga implikationer är att coopetition utvecklas över tid som respons på den kontextuella omgivningen och strukturella förändringar inom den, att motsättningar inom coopetition inte bara är ett relationellt fenomen mellan två konkurrenter, och att bankbranschen gynnas av tydliga och externa samarbetsformer.

Uppsatsen berör den nya prisbelönade mobila betalningstjänsten Swish, som är ett samarbete mellan sju av Sveriges största banker. Syftet är att identifiera framträdande aktörer i samarbetet kring Swish samt redogöra för hur dessa förhåller sig till varandra. Med hjälp av teori om aktör-nätverk definieras och beskrivs det nätverk av aktörer som omger Swish. Därutöver redogörs det för hur nätverket har formats från det att Swish var en idé till att den blev en färdig applikation. Michel Callons teori om översättning används för att beskriva denna process. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes, där sju semi-strukturerade intervjuer ligger till grund för studiens empiriska resultat. Analysen av det empiriska resultatet sker kvalitativt i form av att definiera framträdande aktörer, som sedan används för att beskriva formandet av nätverket som omger Swish utifrån de fyra faserna av översättning: problematisering, intresseväckning, värvning samt mobilisering. Uppsatsen redogör för egenskaperna i varje fas och hur dessa har bidragit till formandet av Swish som färdig applikation. Framträdande aktörer i det aktör-nätverk som omger Swish är till att börja med de sex bankerna som utvecklat idén om Swish: Swedbank, Nordea, Länsförsäkringar, Handelsbanken, SEB, samt Danske Bank. Bankerna bildar även en gemensam framträdande aktör i form av det konsortium som bildades och senare blev bolaget Getswish AB, som ägs av de sex bankerna. Vidare är Bankgirot, HiQ och TWL framträdande aktörer i samarbetet kring Swish. Bankgirot är underleverantör till Getswish AB. Bankgirot tillhandahåller infrastrukturen BIR, och säljer tjänsten Swish till intresserade banker. HiQ är i sin tur underleverantör till Bankgirot. HiQ utvecklar och förvaltar betalningsväxeln och de mobila enheterna, och kommunicerar med bankerna via Bankgirot. TWL är designbyrå åt Getswish AB och bankerna, där TWL bidrar med strategisk kompetens kring kommunikation och varumärke. Även Mobilt BankID, som är den gemensamma säkerhetslösningen, och mobilapplikationen Swish ses som framträdande aktörer i samarbetet. Vidare diskuteras översättningens fyra faser, där en icke-linjär dynamisk process kan identifieras då nätverket kring Swish formades. Slutligen presenteras förslag på vidare forskning.

<p>EfficientNet is designed to achieve top accuracy while utilizing fewer parameters, in addition to less computational resources compared to previous models. </p> <p><br></p> <p>In this paper, we are presenting compound scaling method that re-weight the network's width (w), depth (d), and resolution (r), which leads to better performance than traditional methods that scale only one or two of these dimensions by adjusting the hyperparameters of the model. Additionally, we are presenting an enhanced EfficientNet Backbone architecture. </p> <p><br></p> <p>We show that EfficientNet achieves top accuracy on the ImageNet dataset, while being up to 8.4x smaller and up to 6.1x faster than previous top performing models. The effectiveness demonstrated in EfficientNet on transfer learning and object detection tasks, where it achieves higher accuracy with fewer parameters and less computation. Henceforward, the proposed enhanced architecture will be discussed in detail and compared to the original architecture.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Our approach provides a scalable and efficient solution for both academic research and practical applications, where resource constraints are often a limiting factor.</p> <p><br></p>

For the first time ever, mobile payments in Sweden have overtaken cash as the preferred method of payment when it comes to monthly payments. With cashless payments growing in Sweden and all over the world it is clear that mobile payment methods are going to increase in our everyday lives. As elders tend to have more difficulties learning and understanding software, it is not unlikely that this will affect the adoption of mobile payment methods. As cash is rapidly disappearing as a payment method in Sweden it is important to gain insight into which factors affect the acceptance of mobile payment methods among senior citizens, as they are the most frequent users of cash today. This is a qualitative case study where five seniors have been interviewed about their opinions on mobile payments based on a theoretical model of mobile adoption consisting of eleven variables. The interviews came to center around the Swedish mobile payment application Swish as it was the only mobile payment service that the participants were aware of and had experience using. The study’s goal is to gain knowledge of what variables are of importance to the senior consumers when deciding whether or not to adopt a mobile payment system. The main findings of the study are that the variables: social influence, attractiveness of alternatives and trust are the variables that have been seen to affect the senior citizens' adoption of mobile payment the most.

The study aims to examine the current phenomena where consumers in Sweden increasingly choose mobile payment services as a payment method instead of using cash or credit cards. The study wants to answer the question “how does the increasing use of mobile payment services affect the consumer/user’s consumption and why do we choose the software as a payment method?” The study explains the main functions and characteristics of the top four mobile payment services in Sweden, but applies a case study on the most popular mobile payment service: Swish. The characteristics and functions that is examined is therefore delimited to Swish; but the linkages drawn from the why the consumer use mobile payment services, to a consumer’s consumption choices can of course generally apply to several mobile payment services.The study is divided into parts and chapters to increase reading comprehension, understanding of structure and fast identification of relevant and needed information.

Abstract Payment industry is witnessing a fast transition from cash dominant era, to card payments and recently mobile payments. Sweden as one of the pioneer countries moving towards cashless society, has experienced quite fast transition thanks to it’s widespread internet access coverage and robust card payment infrastructure. During last few years there has been many mobile payment solutions launched to this market. As a result, some challenges and dynamics have emerged within the Swedish payment ecosystem. Different actors employed different strategies to secure and maintain their position within the ecosystem. This study aims to investigate the current status of power control within the ecosystem by using an extracted part of ARA framework to clarify how different established actors are reacting to this transition. What is more, conducted literature review for this study revealed that, there are few studies for the future of the payment industry and how the ecosystem should be responded to the current trend of moving toward mobile payments. As a result, by use of Configuration value for networks, this study managed to fine a gap which is, absence of a “Value Network” role within the ecosystem. The study suggests that concepts of value chain and value shops are no longer answering the demands of the market and thus, recommend the incumbents of the industry to create and fulfill the Value Network role, so that it could be used as a defense strategy against potential future industry disruption.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Convolutional Neural Networks have come a long way since AlexNet. Each year the limits of the state of the art are being pushed to new levels. EfficientNet pushed the performance metrics to a new high and EfficientNetV2 even more so. Even so, architectures for mobile applications can benefit from improved accuracy and reduced model footprint. The classic Inverted Residual block has been the foundation upon which most mobile networks seek to improve. EfficientNet architecture is built using the same Inverted Residual block. In this thesis we experiment with Harmonious Bottlenecks in place of the Inverted Residuals to observe a reduction in the number of parameters and improvement in accuracy. The designed network is then deployed on the NXP i.MX 8M Mini board for Image classification. / 2023-10-11

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