Since 1996, the president of Taiwan's implementation of universal suffrage since 2010 in 14 years, There have been twice to replace the regime of peace, Taiwan's policy toward mainland China in the political division of the two major political parties - the KMT and DDP and also so the identity of the ruling and opposition parties quickly converted twice. Taiwan's political environment has undergone an unprecedented rapid changes. This article by David Easton's system theory as a general theory and approaches, Looks forward to further establishing a political party as the core of the local theory, Analysis of Taiwan's political parties since 1996 in the "internal and external environment ¡÷ demand and input ¡÷ feedback and output ¡÷ re-enter to the internal and external environment" and what role in the political process? As well as how the policies of mainland China affected? ¡@This article has found, political parties in the system theory are not only pressure groups for Political authority, And active in the political system's internal, external and boundary, And can be further repression of political authority, the completion of its own expectations of mainland policy. Political parties, both ruling party or opposition parties or unified government or divided government, the political parties can control congress, congressional paralysis, cooperation with other political system, increased support by social mobilization, the creation of political controversy and use other methods to pressure on the political authority. Finally, this article believes that with the cooperation of the KMT and the China Communist Party platform, the KMT has similar status of political authority in Taiwan's policy toward mainland China.

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Denna uppsats behandlar ämnet internkommunikation. Vi har valt att genomföra en undersökning om Polismyndigheten Värmlands internkommunikation då de innehar ett stort ansvar att bevara trygghet och säkerhet i samhället. Polismyndigheten har även stora krav på sig idag gällande dialog och grad av kommunikation inom organisationen för att effektivisera det polisiära arbetet. Syftet med denna uppsats är att erhålla en insikt om den interna kommunikationens funktion och hur den gestaltas utifrån chefernas och de anställdas perspektiv. I denna uppsats använder vi oss utav relevanta teorier inom organisationskommunikation, internkommunikation, organisationsidentitet, organisationskultur och kommunikationsmodeller. Vårt tillvägagångssätt för att besvara uppsatsens syfte var att använda oss utav två skräddarsydda frågeställningar för att möjliggöra en helhetsbild och en djupare insikt på våra utvalda teoretiska områden. ”Hur upplever cheferna på polismyndigheten Värmland internkommunikationen?” ”Hur upplever de anställda på polismyndigheten Värmland internkommunikationen?” I denna undersökning använde vi oss av kvalitativa samtalsintervjuer och en kvalitativ fokusgrupp. Det resultat vi lyckades utvinna visade att internkommunikationen hos de utvalda cheferna och anställda upplevdes som både positiv och negativ. Polismyndighetens internkommunikation har enligt cheferna genomgått en positiv utveckling. Enligt chefernas utsagor är polismyndigheten en arbetsplats med goda möjligheter för dialog mellan ledning och anställda och klara riktlinjer för hur internkommunikation ska bedrivas. Dock finns det rum för förbättring då det upplevs vara svårt att förmedla information som även filtreras på ett felaktigt sätt och skapar missförstånd. De anställda på polismyndigheten Värmland gav en helt annan bild då det dagliga arbetet präglas av orättvisor, bristfällig internkommunikation som skapar förvirring och svårigheter att överblicka vem som har ansvar för vad inom organisationen. / This bachelor thesis treats the subject of internal communication. We have chosen to carry through a research about the police department of Värmland's internal communication since they have big responsibility to preserve safety and security in society. The police department has these days greater demands regarding how to conduct dialogue and the level of communication within the organization to further the efficiency of police work. The main purpose of this bachelor thesis is to obtain insight about the internal communication functions and how it is presented from the managers as well as the employees perspective. In this thesis we are using relevant theories regarding organizational communication, internal communication, organization identity, organization culture and communication models. Our approach to answer the purpose of this thesis was to use two customized questions to enable us to get a overall view and a deeper insight of our chosen theoretical framework. “How do the managers perceive the internal communication in the police department of Värmland?” “How do the employees perceive the internal communication in the police department of Värmland?” In this study we used qualitative interviews and a qualitative focus group. The result we obtained, showed that, internal communication with the chosen managers and the employees had both positive and negative experiences. The police department of Värmland's internal communication has gone through a positive development according to the managers. According to the managers, the police department of Värmland has a healthy working environment that offers good possibilities for dialogue between management and employees, and also clear guidelines for how the internal communication has to be conducted. However, there is room for improvement, since some experience it to be hard to communicate information that filters wrongly and creates misunderstanding. But the employees gave us a completely different picture since the daily work characterized in injustice, faulty internal communication that creates confusion and difficulties to get an overview about who has what responsibilities in the organization.

Journalisters arbetsprocess har under 2000-talet gått igenom en förändring pågrund av mobiltelefonens utveckling. Mobiltelefonens utveckling tillsammans med internet har möjliggjort snabbare och bättre tillgång till nyheter. Ett nytt område inom journalistik har utvecklats som kallas mobil journalistik. Journalister som arbetar med mobil journalistik, arbetar ute på fält med mobiltelefonen som verktyg och gör alla moment i produktionen av nyheter. Uppdragsgivaren i detta projekt har utvecklat ett digitalt skriv- och publiceringsverktyg men saknar en lösning idag för mobil format. Journalistens arbete sker i olika miljöer som varierar. I studien undersöks hur journalister arbetar och utifrån den datan har ett koncept med ett gränssnitt utformats med målet att stödja arbetsprocessen för att skriva och publicera artiklar. Work System Theory (WST) används som utgångspunkt för att skapa en förståelse kring journalisters arbetssituation. Work System Framework (WSF) bidrar till förståelse för hur olika faktorer i ett arbetssystem influerar produktionen. Nytta och användbarhet definieras för att driva vidareutveckling av journalisters arbetssystem framåt. En fallstudie med totalt 10 deltagare som är involverade i produktionen av artiklar för tidningar har genomförts. Resultatet visar att arbetsprocessen för journalister är flexibel och varierande. Det finns behov av ett system med enklare interaktioner och som möjliggör snabb förmedling och bearbetning av bilder. Journalisters behov och mål med arbetet ligger till grund för utformningen av ett designförslag som ger svar på vilket sätt en mobilapplikation kan utformas för att stödja journalisters skriv- och publiceringsprocess för digital tidningsproduktion. Gränssnittet behöver valideras för att bekräfta om det faktiskt stödjer journalisters arbetsprocess för digital tidningsproduktion. / Journalists' work process has during the 21st century gone through a change because of the mobile's development. The mobile phone's development together with the internet has made it possible to have faster and better access to news. A new area of ​​journalism has been developed, called mobile journalism. A journalist that works with mobile journalism works out on the field with the mobile as a tool and does all the steps covered by the production of news. The client in this project has developed a digital writing and publishing tool but lacks a solution today for mobile format. The journalist's work takes place in different environments that vary. This study investigates how journalists work and based on that data, a concept and interface has been designed with the aim of supporting the work process of writing and publishing articles. Work system theory (WST) is used as a starting point for creating an understanding of the journalists' work situation. Work System Framework (WSF) helps to understand how different factors in a work system affect production. Utility and usability are defined to drive further development of journalists' work systems. A study with a total of 10 participants involved in the production of newspaper articles has been conducted. The result shows that the work process for journalists is flexible and varied. There is a need for a system of simpler interactions, and which enables rapid transmission and processing of images. The journalists' needs and goals decides the basis for the design of a design proposal that answers how a mobile application can be designed to support journalists' writing and publishing process for digital newspaper production. The interface needs to be validated to confirm if the interface supports journalists in their work process with digital newspaper production.

Föreliggande kvalitativa studie visade professionellas beskrivning av hur barnets röst framförs vid nätverksmöten. Studien beskrev även vad som påverkar och vem som bedömer barnets deltagande på ett nätverksmöte. Tio terapeuter vid barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin i sydöstra Sverige intervjuades med hjälp av en semistrukturerad frågeguide. En slutsats är att nätverksmöten så gott som alltid kan anpassas så att barnet kan närvara. Resultatet innehåller därmed inte bara beskrivningar av metoder och tekniker, som kan hjälpa barn att höras, utan också reflektioner kring mötets utformande, för att överhuvudtaget möjliggöra barnfokus. I undersökningen framkom det känslomässiga klimatets betydelse för att barnets röst ska framföras och bli hörd. En annan slutsats är att barnet inte bör närvara i alla möten. Det framkom viss osäkerhet om vem som har det yttersta ansvaret i bedömningen av barnets delaktighet. / The present qualitative study showed descriptions from professionals, how the voice of the child was carried forward during network meetings. The study also described what is influencing and who is judging the child’s participation in a network meeting. Ten therapists at the child- and youth psychiatry department in south-east Sweden were interviewed by means of a semi-structured question guide. One conclusion is that network meetings almost always may be adapted in a way that the child is able to attend. Hence, the result does not only include descriptions of methods and techniques which may assist in listening to the child, but also reflections around the structure of the meeting, in order to, on the whole enabling a child focus. In the investigation an emotional climate appeared to be important in order for the voice of the child to be carried forward and to be understood. Another conclusion was that the child should not attend in all meetings. There appeared some uncertainty about who has the ultimate responsibility in the judgement of the participation of the child.

This report is the outcome of a Field Study project. The aim of the study was to findout how the floating deaf-mute children of migrant workers experience psychologicalproblems in Guiyang, China. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory was used asa theoretical frame. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 4 inner migrantcouples who have deaf-mute children receiving treatment in a Center for disabled inGuiyang. 12 professionals working with treating deaf-mute children are alsointerviewed as well as 5 deaf-mute children. In total together 21 informants areinterviewed. The result of this study shows that three main aspects influence thepsychological problems of floating deaf-mute children with migrant parents most:social welfare policy, family income conditions and the center of treatmentenvironment. This study explored the problems based on Brofenbreener’s ecologicalsystems approach, which for the author had a new perspective to research on thesituation of deaf-mute children of migrant workers in Guiyang, China.

De senaste forskningarna gällande socialsekreterares arbetssituation tyder på att den psykosociala arbetsmiljön försämrats de senaste åren. Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen om hur socialsekreterare inom socialtjänsten upplever den psykosociala arbetsmiljön, genom att beskriva och åskådliggöra vilka faktorer som bidrar till socialsekreterares psykosociala arbetsmiljö. För att svara på syftet har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en induktiv ansats valts. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju socialsekreterare på socialtjänsten inom Hallands län. Intervjuguiden som använts är utformad utifrån Arbetsmiljöverkets föreskrift om organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö. De teoretiska ramverk som använts för att analysera resultatet är Sigvard Rubenowitz fem faktorer gällande en god psykosocial arbetsmiljö samt ett systemteoretiskt perspektiv.  Resultatet i studien visade att det som ligger till grund för upplevelserna av en god psykosocial arbetsmiljö är det fria handlingsutrymmet, att socialsekreterarna känner stöd från närmsta chef och även finner stöd från kollegor. Det som tyder på en sämre upplevd psykosocial arbetsmiljö är obalansen i arbetsbelastningen, bristande stöd från chefen och avsaknad av ledaregenskaper hos chefen. Resultatet visade även att den fysiska miljön är av betydelse för socialsekreterarnas psykosociala arbetsmiljö. / Recent researches regarding social workers job situation indicates that the psychosocial work environment has deteriorated in the last few years. The study aims to  increase knowledge about how social workers in the social services experiencing their psychosocial work environment by describing and illustrating the main factors that contributes to the psychosocial work environment for social workers. To answer the purpose of the study a qualitative method with an inductive approach was chosen. The empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews with seven social workers in the social services in the county of Halland. The interview guide used in the interviews is designed based on the national regulations on organizational and social work environment The theoretical frame that was used to analyse the result is Sigvard Rubenowitz five factors regarding a good psychosocial work environment and a system theory perspective. The results of the study find that the base for good experiences of the psychosocial work environment is the free action space and the feeling of support from both managers and colleagues. The worse experiences of the psychosocial work environment aims to the imbalance in the workload, lack of support from managers and the lack of leadership skills. The results also find the importance of the physical environment and its impact on the psychosocial work environment

Lean system has drawn the attention of researchers and practitioners since its emergence in 1950s. This has been reflected by the increasing number of companies attempting to implement its practices and the large number of researchers investigating its effectiveness and identifying important contextual factors which affect its implementation. The rising level of interest in lean system has led to the emergence of three distinctive streams of literature. The first stream of literature has focused on the effectiveness of lean system. However, this literature was limited as it mainly examined the additive impact of lean practices on operational performance in the manufacturing context. The second stream of literature has focused on the role the accounting system in the lean context. In this body of literature, there was an agreement among researchers on the superiority of activity-based costing system (ABC) over the traditional accounting system in supporting the implementation of lean practices. However, most studies in this strand of literature were either conceptual or case-based studies. The third stream of literature has focused on the fit between business strategy and lean system. However, inconclusive results were reported in relation to the suitability of lean system to firms adopting the differentiation strategy and others adopting the cost leadership strategy. The aim of this study is to develop and empirically test a conceptual model which integrates the three distinctive streams of literature to extend their focus and overcome their limitations. More specifically, the model developed in the current study highlights not only the additive impact of lean practices but also the possible synergy among those practices in improving both operational and financial performance of service firms. In addition, the model brings to light the potential intervening role of ABC in the strategy-lean association. After identifying and reviewing the relevant literature, the socio-technical system theory and contingency theory were used to develop the conceptual model and associated hypotheses. A questionnaire instrument was designed to collect empirical data which was supplemented by objective data from the Financial Analysis Made Easy database in order to empirically test the conceptual model using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings of this study indicated that while the technical practices of lean service improved only the operational performance of service firms, the social practices enhanced both operational and financial performance. In addition, the two sets of practices positively interacted to improve firm performance over and above the improvement achieved from each set separately. Moreover, ABC was found to have a positive association with lean practice, and consequently an indirect positive relation with firm operational performance. Finally, both the differentiation and cost leadership strategy had a direct positive relationship with lean practices. However, while ABC was found to partially mediate the differentiation-lean association, it suppressed the cost leadership-lean association leading to a case of inconsistent mediation. The current study contributes to the current literature at different levels. First, at the theoretical level, this study develops a conceptual framework which crosses different streams of literatures mainly, lean system literature, management accounting literature (with focus on ABC), and business strategy literature. Unlike previous studies, by integrating the perspective of socio-technical system theory and contingency theory, the model (i) highlights not only the additive but also the synergistic effect of lean service practices on firm performance, (ii) brings to light the direct impact of ABC and business strategy on lean service practices and the intervening role of ABC due to which the business strategy is assumed to have also an indirect influence on lean practices, and (iii) offers an alternative view on how ABC can improve firm performance by enhancing other organisational capabilities (lean practices) which are expected to improve performance . Second, at the methodological level, unlike previous studies, this study includes a large number of lean service practices and contextual variables to report more precisely on the lean-performance association. In addition, the inclusion of the financial performance dimension-measured by secondary data- in the model besides the operational performance is critical to understand the full capability of lean service in improving firm performance. Further, employing a powerful statistical technique (PLS-SEM) provides more credibility to the results reported in this study. Third, at the empirical level, this study is conducted in the UK service sector. As such, this study is one of the very few studies that have reported on lean service and examined how the adoption of ABC and a specific type of business strategy can affect its implementation using empirical survey data from this context.

In march 2001 and fourteen years later in march 2015, destructive acts were carried out against some of our most revered and treasured religious sites. These cultural heritages were demolished in modern iconoclastic acts by extremist groups in Afghanistan and Iraq. This essay examines the demolition of the two statues depicting the Buddha as well as the events in Iraq during 2015. Specifically the destruction of the museum of Mosul, the ancient city of Nimrud as well as other sites of cultural heritages. The acts were carried out by two groups who in very different ways revere their actions as connected to the sacred. On the one hand this was done to communicate devotion towards the divine. The other action was done in order to destroy the sacred of the perceived enemy as well as to enhance the iconoclastic groups' own theocracy. The two groups have a sense of historical connection with similar acts of iconoclastic destructions. Historical events will be discussed in relation to their modern counterparts.                       This essay attempts to locate the theoretical core of these events and tries to explain why they might be regarded as emanating from the theocratic functional systems' need to restore and reproduce itself. I will also, like the responsible groups themselves, set the actions in relation to the relevant international context as well as the historical parallels of iconoclasm. The tendencies to regard these matters as a destructive act based upon absolute reverence to the divine are the most frequent reactions usually brought to the surface regarding these actions. This essay describes the relevant context regarding the destruction of these religious monuments and determines what type of binary codes these actions revolves around. I also add a possible environment of the recipient, which can either be profane or transcendent. The conclusion is that the events in Bamiyan, March 2001, are best viewed as instrumental orientations of actions where the greater goal is the purpose of the act. The environment which the actors attempts to communicate with is the international community and therefore the profane. The events in Mosul/Nimrud on the other hand might more accurately be described as expressive actions where the purpose of the actions are fulfilled by the act itself. The environment which the act attempts to communicate with is in this case a divine entity and therefore the sacred.

This study examines the conflict between indigenous rights and the exploitation of land in Chile. The conflict is displayed through a public discourse about the recognition of the indigenous people on the one hand, and the application of the anti-terrorist law against the indigenous people on the other. The anti-terrorist law is currently applied to the indigenous group, the Mapuches, in southern Chile, which makes this issue particularly acute. The role of the international community and the international laws surrounding this issue thus play a part in the conclusions made by the author, together with minority rights and the concepts of sovereignty and terrorism. The case is further placed within the world-economy through the concepts of World System Theory by Immanuel Wallerstein.