Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-11T11:52:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria do Socorro Suzano Montinegro.pdf: 995846 bytes, checksum: 6035b8aa6025e1f60217e675a40f3f8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-11T11:52:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria do Socorro Suzano Montinegro.pdf: 995846 bytes, checksum: 6035b8aa6025e1f60217e675a40f3f8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Missa do Galo is a tale by Machado de Assis (1893) that deals with the dialogue between Nogueira, a young pensioner, and Conceição, the hostess, on a Christmas night. The focus of the narrative is not on actions, but on an unusual approach, in which a simple conversation can present a sublime and indirect game, apparently banal, but that intrigues Nogueira. It is assumed that nothing happened between the two, but the genius of Machado de Assis invites us to read the text in its underlings. By the way, the search for an implicit meaning in the text, but perhaps present in the discourse, requires the support of theories that make possible this relation, to reveal a camouflaged intention. In this sense, this study has the support of Systemic-Functional Linguistics (SLF), which offers a specific analytical instrument for the systematic examination of the motivations, purposes, assumptions and interest of the text producers. The objective of this dissertation is the critical analysis of the lexicographic choices made in the Missa do Galo tale in order to unravel what underlies the dialogue between Conceição and Nogueira. Guided by proposals from Critical Linguistics and with the support of the analytical context offered by SLF, the research examines two dimensions of the grammar of prayer: transitivity and Appraisal, associated respectively with the ideational and interpersonal functions of language, complemented by frame and intersubjectivity theories. In order to do so, the research tries to answer the following questions: (a) what can the lexicographic choices made by Machado de Assis in Missa do Galo, in terms of ideational and interpersonal metafunctions, reveal about the dialogue between Conceição and Nogueira? (b) what is the role of relational reading and meta-relations in this process? (c) how important is frame theory to explain the behavior of the protagonists? The analysis reveals a problem for the attribution of positive or negative attitude, since the same situation - say a tremor - is interpreted by Conceição as resulting from the physical contact with the boy, while for him, the tremor would be the result of the cold of the environment. And it is precisely this misunderstanding of interpretations that intrigues and arrests the reader / Missa do Galo é um conto de Machado de Assis (1893) que trata do diálogo entre Nogueira, um jovem pensionista, e Conceição, a hospedeira, em uma noite de Natal. O foco da narrativa não está nas ações, mas numa aproximação inusitada, em que uma simples conversa pode apresentar um jogo sublime e indireto, aparentemente banal, mas que intriga Nogueira. Supõe-se que nada aconteceu entre os dois, mas a genialidade de Machado de Assis convida-nos a ler o texto nas suas subjacências. A propósito, a procura de um sentido implícito no texto, mas talvez presente no discurso, exige o apoio de teorias que possibilitem essa relação, para revelar uma camuflada intenção. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem o apoio da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (LSF), que oferece um instrumento analítico específico para o exame sistemático das motivações, propósitos, suposições e interesse dos produtores do texto. O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é a análise crítica das escolhas lexicogramaticais feitas no conto Missa do Galo com o fim de desvendar o que subjaz ao diálogo entre Conceição e Nogueira. Guiada por propostas da Linguística Crítica e com o apoio do contexto analítico oferecido pela LSF, a pesquisa examina duas dimensões da gramática da oração: transitividade e avaliatividade, associadas respectivamente com as funções ideacional e interpessoal da linguagem, complementadas pelas teorias de frame e de intersubjetividade. Para tanto, a pesquisa procura responder às seguintes perguntas: (a) o que podem as escolhas lexicogramaticais feitas por Machado de Assis em Missa do Galo, em termos das metafunções ideacional e interpessoal, revelar sobre o diálogo entre Conceição e Nogueira? (b) qual é o papel da leitura relacional e das metarrelações nesse processo? (c) que importância tem a teoria do frame para explicar o comportamento dos protagonistas? A análise revela um problema para a atribuição de atitude positiva ou negativa, já que uma mesma situação – digamos um tremor – é interpretada por Conceição como resultante do contato físico com o rapaz, enquanto para ele, o tremor seria resultado do frio do ambiente. E é justamente esse desencontro de interpretações que intriga e prende o leitor

Este trabalho descreve a apresentação de terminologias, de acordo com padrões temáticos, em textos divulgativos de instituições de assistência agropecuária direcionados a agricultores familiares do Brasil. A descrição e a análise partem dos pressupostos teóricos de alguns dos estudos de Terminologia de perspectiva textual (CIAPUSCIO, 2003), da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014) e da Análise do Discurso da Divulgação Científica (CASSANY; MARTÍ, 1998; CASSANY; LÓPEZ; MARTÍ, 2000; CASSANY, 2003; CALSAMIGLIA, 2003). Os objetivos desta investigação são a caracterização da configuração textual e da apresentação das terminologias nas estruturas temáticas das orações com vistas à promoção da acessibilidade textual e terminológica desses materiais para leitores de escolaridade limitada. Os padrões temáticos dos textos permitem identificar o estilo de escrita de um mesmo registro, e a organização dos elementos das orações pode contribuir para a sua compreensão. O corpus de estudo da pesquisa é composto por 30 folhetos da Associação Riograndense de Empreendimentos de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (EMATER-RS) e um corpus de contraste composto de 30 folhetos produzidos pela Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA). Primeiramente, foram classificados e manualmente anotados os Temas de 4.850 orações dos folhetos. Em seguida, foi realizado o reconhecimento da terminologia presente nos Temas a partir de duas obras de referência, a Enciclopédia Agrícola Brasileira e o tesauro Thesagro. Com o auxílio do recurso Concord da ferramenta computacional WordSmith Tools, realizou-se o levantamento de ocorrências de terminologia Os resultados demonstraram que os folhetos de ambas instituições apresentam similaridades em seu estilo de escrita, a citar: a) a alta incidência de Temas Simples não marcados; b) a baixa incidência de Temas Múltiplos; c) a alta incidência de Temas Ideacionais Participante tanto em Tema Simples quanto em Tema Múltiplo; d) a tendência ao emprego de terminologia como participante das orações; e) a colocação de terminologia em posição temática; e f) a alta incidência de termos da Engenharia Agronômica incorporados à Língua Portuguesa. Dentre as diferenças encontradas, os folhetos da EMATER/RS apresentaram: a) alta incidência de Temas Ideacionais Processo referentes a orações imperativas; b) maior proporção de Temas Ideacionais Participante; c) maior proporção de terminologia em Temas Ideacionais Participante; d) menor proporção de Temas Textuais; e e) maior incidência de Temas Ideacionais Elípticos. Já os folhetos da EMBRAPA apresentaram: a) maior proporção de Temas Textuais; b) maior proporção de Temas Ideacionais Circunstância; c) maior índice de Temas Ideacionais Oracionais; e d) maior incidência de terminologia em Temas Ideacionais Oracionais. Dessas constatações, conclui-se que a terminologia, nos folhetos da EMATER/RS, está organizada em um padrão temático mais típico de escrita (ordem sujeito-verbo-objeto). Por outro lado, os folhetos dessa instituição fazem uso de estruturas temáticas que podem ser menos acessíveis para o leitor de escolaridade limitada. O baixo índice de Temas Textuais em Temas com terminologia também serve como indicativo para o aumento da complexidade do texto para o leitor (agricultor), já que exigiria, em tese, uma maior capacidade de interpretação da mensagem. / This research describes the presentation of terminologies according to the thematic patterns in divulgative texts to family farmers produced by agricultural assistance institutions in Brazil. The description and analysis part from the theoretical assumptions of some of the studies in Terminology under the textual perspective (CIAPUSCIO, 2003), Systemic-Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY, MATTHIESSEN, 2014) and Scientific Publication under the perspective of Discourse Analysis (CASSANY; MARTÍ, 1998; CASSANY, LOPEZ, MARTÍ, 2000, CASSANY, 2003, CALSAMIGLIA, 2003). The aims of this investigation are the characterization of the textual structuring and of the terminologies presented in the thematic structures of the clauses in order to promote textual and terminological accessibility of these materials for readers of limited schooling. The thematic patterns of texts allow the identification of a register’s writing style, and the elements’ organization in the clauses can contribute to their understanding. The study corpus of this investigation consisted of 30 leaflets from Associação Riograndense de Empreendimentos de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (EMATER-RS) and a contrasting corpus of 30 leaflets produced by Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA). Firstly, the Themes of 4.850 clauses in the leaflets were classified and manually annotated. The terminology present in the Themes was acknowledged in two reference works, the Enciclopédia Agrícola Brasileira and the thesaurus Thesagro. By using WordSmith Tools Concord, we mapped the occurrences of terminology The results showed that the leaflets of both institutions present similarities in their writing style, which are: a) the high incidence of unmarked Simple Theme; b) the low incidence of Multiple Themes; c) the high incidence of Participant as Theme in both Single and Multiple Themes; d) the tendency to position terminology as a participant in the clauses; e) terminology in thematic position; and f) the high incidence of Agronomic Engineering terms incorporated in Portuguese. Among the differences found, the leaflets produced by EMATER/RS presented: a) high incidence of Process as Theme in imperative clauses; b) greater proportion of Participant as Theme; c) greater proportion of terminology as Participant; d) lower proportion of Textual Themes; and e) higher incidence of Elliptical Themes. The leaflets produced by EMBRAPA presented: a) greater proportion of Textual Themes; b) greater proportion of Circumstance as Theme; c) higher incidence of dependent clauses as Theme; and d) higher incidence of terminology in dependent clauses as Theme. From these findings, it can be concluded that the terminology is organized in a more typical thematic written pattern (subject-verb-object order) in leaflets produced by EMATER/RS. On the other hand, these leaflets make use of thematic structures that may be less accessible to readers of limited schooling. The low incidence of Textual Themes, in Themes where terminology is present, and high incidence of imperative clauses serve as indications of complexity in the texts for the mentioned reader (family farmer), since it would demand, in theory, a greater capacity to interpret the message.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Sayao.pdf: 1093065 bytes, checksum: ef97baa0ac19639d050441534268b46f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this thesis is to identify lexico-gramatical and discoursive aspects in texts of literary jornalism, establishing differences and similarities between literary and traditional jornalism. In the context of literary jornalism, writers use elements of literature to make texts more colorful and atractive to readers (Wolfe, 2005), whereas in traditional jornalism objectivity and imparciality are crucial for the magazine s or paper credibility, making texts clearer and more comprenhensive (Genro Filho, 1987). My objective was to analyse the lexical choices that characterize a corpus of literary jornalism and contrast them with a corpus of a variety of genres of traditional jornalism, contributing to studies in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and jornalism, as there are few studies on this topic. The research corpus consists of 100 texts of literary jornalism from the magazine Piaui, in 2006 - 2007. The control corpus consists of jornalistic texts from the Banco de Português (DIRECT/LAEL), taken from Veja, Folha de São Paulo and Estado de São Paulo. The texts were analized with the aid of the computer program WordSmith Tools (Scott, 2007). The analysis foccuses ideational metafunction, concentrating on the verbal processes, chosen because they are directly related to projection important in interviews and the insertion of other voices. Although there are similarities between the two contexts, both quantitative and qualitative, the literary jornalism texts uses more stories and literary quotes of the speech of the interviewees, foccussing the introduction and description of the characters in the news. Furthermore, the features of literary language are clear in the description of the interviews and the context of situatuation and the use of irony, characteristics that disntiguish literary from traditional jornalism / Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar aspectos léxico-gramaticais e discursivos de textos de jornalismo literário, buscando estabelecer diferenças e semelhanças com o jornalismo tradicional. Enquanto no jornalismo literário há a apropriação de elementos da literatura para tornar o texto mais colorido e próximo do leitor (Wolfe, 2005), no jornalismo tradicional os valores de objetividade e imparcialidade são centrais para credibilidade do jornal ou revista, deixando os textos mais secos e diretos (Genro Filho, 1987). A intenção deste trabalho é, portanto, analisar escolhas lexicais que caracterizem o jornalismo literário e o diferenciem do jornalismo tradicional, contribuindo para os estudos em LSF e em jornalismo, tendo em vista a existência de poucos trabalhos no assunto. Para realização do trabalho, foram selecionados dois corpora, o de pesquisa e do de referência. O primeiro é formado por 100 textos da Seção Esquina, da Revista Piaui, publicados entre 2006 e 2007, representando o jornalismo literário; o segundo, por textos jornalísticos do Banco de Português (DIRECT/LAEL), com textos publicados na Veja, Folha de São Paulo e Estado de São Paulo, representando o jornalismo tradicional. Os textos foram analisados com o auxílio da ferramenta computacional Word Smith Tools (Scott, 2007). Como recorte da pesquisa, selecionei a metafunção ideacional, concentrando-me nos processos verbais por estarem diretamente relacionados ao relato das falas dos entrevistados e a forma de inserção das diversas vozes nos textos jornalísticos em geral. Conquanto haja muitas semelhanças entre os dois contextos, quantitativas e qualitativas, os textos de jornalismo literário dão mais espaço para relatos de histórias e citações literais das falas de entrevistados, enfocando no texto a apresentação e descrição da personagem da notícia. Além disso, a aproximação com a linguagem literária pode ser percebida nas descrições de situações de entrevista ou em passagens irônicas, características que distinguem textos de jornalismo literário de e de jornalismo tradicional

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda de Castro Goncalves.pdf: 454064 bytes, checksum: 32a6dae975f10cad8e5b1fee4c330c63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-26 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This research came into light due to the need to help my students produce written texts. The dissertational text is, in fact, an argumentative-dissertational text, for, according to Koch (1987), social interaction through language occurs mainly by argumentation. The difficulty in students´ communication, mainly the writing of the argumentative text, has always been present in teachers and researchers´discourses in the education field. Porta (2002), as a philosophy researcher is concerned with the relationship: Situation description- Problem- Thesis- Argumentation. Thus, a dissertational-argumentative text begins with a Description of a problem, proposes a Solution (actually, solution hypothesis) in favor of which the argumentation is presented. In case there are several hypotheses, he adds, it is the arguments that will select the best of them. As long as Description is concerned, he goes on saying that descriptions can play a leading role in many ways; what can´t be done is eliminating the problem as such, reducing the philosophical thesis to a mere description. Considering such questions, what I have observed in my student´s essays (I previously discuss the matter with them) is a tendency to describing the Situation (e.g. violence in São Paulo city), in that little attention is given to pointing out the Problem and because of that, there is no room for a Solution to the problem and being so, less attention is given to the Argumentation. Being a a systemicist, Eggins (1994) claims that the coherence of a text is based on two factors: (a) appropriateness to the genre, which involves a schematic structure (or genre structure) in its stages and finalities and (b) appropriateness to the linguistic register, which must comply with the variables of Field (subject matter), Tenor (the roles of the participants in an interaction) and Mode (how language organizes such elements). The objective of this research is to examine cohesion and coherence in dissertational- argumentative texts written by 2nd year high school students examining their linguistic structure and genre in order to check how they occur in their dissertational-argumentative texts to spot possible problems in these fields. My analysis is based upon Systemic Functional Linguistics ( developed by Halliday 1985; 1994 and his co-authors), which attempts to develop a theory about language as a social process and a methodological process that leads to a detailed and systemic description of the linguistic standards taking into account genre.Therefore, this research must answer the following research questions: (a) how is the genre structure configured in the examined essays? (b) How is the language in these essays presented? / dissertativoargumentativo, pois, como diz Koch (1987), a interação social por intermédio da língua caracteriza-se, fundamentalmente, pela argumentatividade. A dificuldade de comunicação escrita do aluno, em especial, nesse sentido, da redação do texto argumentativo, esteve sempre presente no discurso de professores e pesquisadores da área da educação. Porta (2002), de sua posição de estudioso da Filosofia, trata da relação: Descrição da Situação - Problema Tese Argumentação. Assim, um texto dissertativo-argumentativo, inicia-se com uma Descrição de um Problema, propõe-se uma Solução (na verdade, hipótese de Solução), em favor da qual apresenta-se a Argumentação. No caso de haver várias hipóteses, diz ele, são os argumentos que vão selecionar a melhor delas. A respeito da Descrição, diz ele que a descrição pode desempenhar um papel preponderante em vários sentidos; o que não pode é eliminar o problema enquanto tal, reduzindo, assim, uma tese filosófica a uma mera descrição. Com referências a essas questões, o que tenho verificado nas redações dos meus alunos (com quem sempre discuto previamente o assunto) é uma tendência à descrição da Situação (e.g. violência na cidade de São Paulo), em que pouca atenção de dá ao delineamento do Problema, e que, por isso, não dá lugar à apresentação de uma proposta (hipótese) de Solução, e, assim sendo, menos ainda para os Argumentos em defesa dessa proposta. Eggins (1994), de sua posição de sistemicista, afirma que a coerência de um texto repousa em dois fatores: (a) a adequação ao gênero, que envolve a estrutura esquemática (ou de gênero) com seus estágios e finalidades e (b) a adequação ao registro linguístico, que deve respeitar as variáveis de campo (assunto), relações (os interlocutores envolvidos) e modo (como a língua organiza esses elementos). O objetivo desta pesquisa é examinar a coerência e a coesão de textos dissertativo-argumentativos, escritos por alunos de 2º ano do Ensino Médio, examinando sua estrutura linguística e sua estrutura de gênero, a fim de verificar como elas se realizam em seus textos dissertativoargumentativos para detectar possíveis problemas nessas áreas. Assim, a pesquisa deve responder às seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: (a) Como se configura a estrutura de gênero nas redações examinadas? (b) Como se apresenta a linguagem dessas redações? Em minha análise, recorro à Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, desenvolvida por Halliday (1985; 1994) e seus colaboradores, a qual procura desenvolver uma teoria sobre a língua como um processo social e uma metodologia que permita uma descrição detalhada e sistemática dos padrões linguísticos, tendo em vista o gênero

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sonia Regina Longhi Ninomiya.pdf: 1788120 bytes, checksum: ed45b77f6ce258fc52d33e68908a6025 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-15 / Thematic structure gives a clause its character of message (HALLIDAY 1994). This structure is composed of Theme, the starting point of the message that lends prominence to the elements that compose it, thus establishing the base to interpret the remainder of the clause, named Rheme. This question has been the object of attention on the part of some researchers, and their papers show that linguistic choices made to realize Theme generate communicational implications (e.g. MATTHIESSEN 2001; LIROLA; SMITH 2006). Others have analyzed thematic structure in literary translation and suggested, thus displaying didactic concerns, that Theme changes in translation interfere in the interpretation of the message and often ascribe such changes to the translator‟s style (e.g. BAKER 1992; PAGANO 2005; FIGUEREDO 2006). In 1995, Ventola already had referred to the sparse amount of research studies focused on theme structure and on the pattern of Theme progression within a text that undergoes a translation process. In Brazil, researchers have analyzed this matter by comparing the Portuguese language to English or Spanish and, as far as we know, there is no researches contrasting Portuguese with the Japanese language, which is the case here. As it seeks to contribute to studies involving these questions, this thesis examines three short stories taken from modern Japanese literature and their translations into Portuguese with the aim of analyzing how thematic structure is realized, their different forms and how the latter interfere in the interpretation of the message within the translated text. This thesis is theoretical and methodologically supported by the premises of Systemic-Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY 1994), to the Japanese language by Teruya (2007), on the studies by Barbara and Gouveia (2004) to the Portuguese language and on contributions by Translation Studies. The analyses show that differences occur not always due to the linguistic typology, but owing to choices made by the translator, given that there were other possibilities of retextualization. As a result, a new perspective for interpreting the message and apprehending the literary characteristics of the work is outlined / A estrutura temática é a que imprime à oração o seu caráter de mensagem (HALLIDAY 1994). Essa estrutura é composta de Tema, o ponto de partida da mensagem que dá proeminência aos elementos que a compõem, estabelecendo a base de interpretação para o restante da oração, denominado de Rema. Essa questão tem merecido a atenção de alguns pesquisadores em trabalhos sobre a tradução, mostrando que escolhas linguísticas para realizar o Tema geram implicações comunicativas (e.g. MATHIESSEN 2001; LIROLA; SMITH 2006). Outros têm analisado a estruturação temática em traduções literárias e sugerido que as mudanças temáticas interferem na interpretação da mensagem e, muitas vezes, creditam essas mudanças ao estilo do tradutor (e.g. BAKER 1992; PAGANO 2005; FIGUEREDO 2006). Já em 1995, Ventola se referia às poucas pesquisas interessadas na estrutura temática e no padrão de progressão temática de um texto quando submetido ao processo tradutório. No Brasil, os trabalhos têm analisado a questão comparando a língua portuguesa com a língua inglesa ou espanhola e pelo que nos consta não há nenhum trabalho que contraste o português com a língua japonesa, como é o caso desta pesquisa. Buscando contribuir para o estudo dessa questão, esta pesquisa examina três contos da literatura japonesa moderna e suas traduções para o português, a fim de analisar como se dá a realização da estrutura temática, as diferenças daí advindas e a interferência dessas na interpretação da mensagem no texto traduzido. Para este estudo, utilizo o suporte teórico-metodológico dos pressupostos da Línguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY 1994), de sua extensão para a língua japonesa por Teruya (2007), dos estudos de Barbara e Gouveia (2004) na sua extensão para a língua portuguesa e das contribuições dos Estudos de Tradução. As análises mostram que as diferenças na estruturação nem sempre são motivadas pela tipologia linguística, mas devidas a escolhas do tradutor, já que existiam outras possibilidades de retextualização. Em função dessas diferenças, nova perspectiva se delineia para a interpretação da mensagem e para a apreensão de características literárias da obra

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Pastore Brasil.pdf: 273111 bytes, checksum: 40255f75cb5b26e66d0aaed0cde24d46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research focuses on socio-racial discrimination found along the novel Clara dos Anjos, by Lima Barreto, examining lexicogrammatical choices made by the author, not only to take a stand on the socio-racial issue, but also to get the reader s sympathy, creating a convincing picture black people s unconsciousness about their own servitude. For this purpose, it examines the question of identity, according to Bucholtz and Hall (2005) and Snow (2001) and the importance of the ideological context, according to Banks (2005). In methodological terms, this study is based on studies of semantic evaluation, an extension of the Interpersonal Metafunction in Systemic-Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY, 1994, 2004) and on the Appraisal System (MARTIN, 2000) in an approach of Critical Linguistics (FOWLER, 1991). The analysis also has the support of Li (2010), for whom the sociocultural and sociopolitical ideologies are intertwined with language and speech. The author refers to Van Dijk (1993, 1997), who relates the macro notion of ideology to micro notions of discourse and social practices of group members. The study should answer the following questions: (a) which lexicogrammatical choices are made by Lima Barreto to address the socio-racial discrimination issue in the book Clara dos Anjos? (b) how are these choices characterized from the point of view of the Appraisal system? (c) how can Systemic-Functional Linguistics uncover the ideology that involves racial identity in the novel? The research shows that, through negative lexical choices of Appraisal, Lima Barreto seeks to build an ideal reader, able to share his sorrows, of a life marked by socio-racial discrimaination / A presente pesquisa enfoca a questão da discriminação sociorracial no romance Clara dos Anjos, de Lima Barreto, examinando as escolhas lexicogramaticais feitas pelo autor para, não só se posicionar em relação à questão sociorracial, mas também para obter a solidariedade do leitor, criando um quadro convincente da inconsciência dos negros em relação à sua própria servidão. Para tanto, examina a questão da identidade, segundo Bucholtz e Hall (2005) e Snow (2001) e a importância do contexto ideológico, segundo Banks (2005). Em termos metodológicos, o exame apoia-se nos estudos da semântica avaliativa, uma ampliação da Metafunção Interpessoal da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY, 1994, 2004), com o sistema de Appraisal (doravante, Avaliatividade) (MARTIN, 2000), e o faz a partir do enfoque da Linguística Crítica, de Fowler (1991). A análise conta também com o apoio de Li (2010) para quem as ideologias sociopolíticas ou socioculturais estão entrelaçadas com a língua e o discurso. O autor recorre a van Dijk (1993, 1997), em uma abordagem da Análise do Discurso Crítica, que relaciona a noção macro da ideologia às noções micro dos discursos e das práticas sociais de membros de grupo. O estudo deve responder às seguintes perguntas: (a) que escolhas lexicogramaticais são feitas por Lima Barreto para enfocar a questão da discriminação sociorracial em Clara dos Anjos? (b) como são caracterizadas essas escolhas do ponto de vista do sistema da Avaliatividade? (c) de que forma a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional pode desnudar a ideologia que envolve a identidade racial no romance? A pesquisa mostra que, por meio de escolhas lexicais de Avaliatividade negativas, Lima Barreto busca construir um leitor ideal, capaz de compartilhar suas amarguras, de uma vida marcada pela discriminação sociorracial

Doctor of Philosophy / The thesis of this study is that two seemingly disparate research disciplines can be coalesced to develop an effective pedagogical framework for educational design in the context of networked learning. That contention is grounded in, and inspired by, the rapid developments in educational technologies which have greatly changed the landscape in teaching and learning in higher education over the last decade. The study attempts to add to the corpus of contemporary learning theory which sees students not merely as passive recipients of knowledge, but as active participants in the learning process, having much greater control over their selection of technological learning tools, learning resources and learning methodologies. This is very much in line with the shift from the traditional focus on content design and knowledge transmission towards a more student-centred design for knowledge co-construction, a development which demands the type of new thinking about the design of learning tasks and learning resources contained in this study. Also set out are new lines of action for the fashioning of a collaborative learning environment, for community interaction and the sharing of knowledge, and for promoting good teaching and learning practice. The central argument of the study is that such pedagogical goals may be attained by juxtaposing the theories of Systemic Functional Linguistics (hereafter SFL) and pattern languages. These have not, thus far, been used in combination. SFL is a well established theory in the study of language, and is used in this thesis to help analyse and classify discourses produced and shared by teachers and students in networked learning. Pattern languages have their origin in architecture. Design patterns can be used as a means of representing and sharing important and specific empirical research results and design experiences. This new knowledge can be used to support and improve the quality of educational design. The study has two central components. The first uses the SFL theoretical framework to demonstrate how text is used as a key medium in networked learning. In other words, it is argued in this section that the quality of texts has a direct impact on the quality of learning and learning outcomes. The quality of text is assessed by means of a detailed discourse analysis of selected texts. This process involves deconstructing, identifying and capturing the linguistic resources and language strategies used in the texts. The detailed discourse analysis also illustrates and reveals how language is used in the construction of knowledge and the promotion of collaboration in teaching and learning. The second component centres on the argument that SFL provides valuable language knowledge which can be represented by using Alexander’s design patterns. New knowledge encoded in these design patterns can be used by teachers and designers as reusable and shared resources to help them improve their design work. The empirical research was carried out in three phases. The first involved a) the identification of text patterns of discourses used in networked learning based on detailed discourse analysis; b) Interviewing experienced academic staff to identify their perspectives on good online teaching practices and success factors. The second phase involved using the data which emerged from these interviews and discourse analysis to model illustrative patterns. (Here, illustrative means that due to the scope of the study, it is only possible to develop a limited number of patterns to illustrate the methods used for pattern development. It is not the intention to develop a full repository of design patterns in this study). In the third (validation) phase the patterns were reviewed by two groups of academic staff, with the aim of improving these patterns. Improved patterns were then tested on a group of educational design students for their usefulness and application. It is concluded from this research that it is possible to develop design patterns which ensure the best use of linguistic resources in both the teaching and learning process. Finally, it is argued that the combination of SFL and pattern languages provides a promising theoretical framework for the complex and demanding task of educational design. Future research could make use of such a framework to explore a fuller application of the pattern- based approach for the representation of new knowledge for educational design. Suggested additional research directions include finding new ways of capturing a new pedagogical approach to mobile learning and blended learning. Also, a promising direction could be the use of SFL Appraisal theory (Martin, 2000) for the investigation on how students construct interpersonal relationships (appraise peer work) in online joint projects. In the conclusion, it is contended that through its exploration of new ground in the use of SFL and pattern language theory in the construction of education design patterns, the study makes a significant contribution to knowledge in the field of networked learning.

This thesis considers the translation of Dutch and Flemish picture books into Swedish from 1995 to 2006. The main aim of the thesis is to study what meaning the notion translation takes on where picture books are concerned and how the translation practice for picture books is influenced by international co-productions. The thesis includes a bibliographical study and a larger case study of the Dutch picture book artist Dick Bruna and his internationally renowned picture books about the rabbit Miffy in Swedish translation. Working within the theoretical frame of descriptive translation studies (DTS), I describe and analyse picture book translation as a phenomenon and a practice that occurs at a certain moment in time in a certain sociocultural context. Using the model of Toury (1995), I study translation norms governing the selection and translation of Dutch and Flemish picture books and of Bruna’s picture books about Miffy in particular. Toury’s model is largely designed for the analysis of written texts. As picture book texts combine both verbal and visual modes of expression, I use multimodal analysis combining the social semiotic visual grammar of Kress & van Leeuwen (2006) with systemic functional linguistics (SFL) as a tool to analyse the translation of picture book texts. By combining DTS and SFL, I study translation as a cultural and social semiotic practice. The analyses in the thesis indicate that picture book translation can be characterised as an international, target culture-oriented and multimodal translation practice. The multimodal translation analysis shows that, while translated picture books have the same images as their source text due to co-production, images can be combined with different social meanings, as for instance images of children and interaction with the reader, expressed in the written text. Images can also assume different meaning potentials and also referential interplay and plausible reading paths between words and images can change.

Η παρούσα μελέτη διερευνά τον τρόπο με τον οποίο τα παιδιά πρωτοσχολικής ηλικίας νοηματοδοτούν τα έργα τέχνης, και ειδικότερα τους πίνακες ζωγραφικής, στο πλαίσιο μιας οργανωμένης διδακτικής συνθήκης που σχετίζεται με το πεδίο της γλωσσικής και εικαστικής αγωγής και ανάπτυξης. Συγκεκριμένα,ακολουθώντας την κοινωνιοσημειωτική προοπτική της Συστημικής Λειτουργικής Γλωσσολογίας (ΣΛΓ) καθώς και μία γνωστική προσέγγιση για τις τέχνες στην εκπαίδευση, αναλύονται οι γλωσσικές πραγματώσεις μιας ομάδας παιδιών νηπιαγωγείου που αφορούν στην ερμηνεία 10 επιλεγμένων από την εκπαιδευτικό-ερευνήτρια πινάκων ζωγραφικής στις διαδοχικές φάσεις μιας λειτουργικά νοηματοδοτημένης διδακτικής παρέμβασης. Η έρευνα προσανατολίζεται στις δυνατότητες για την ενεργοποίηση των προϋπαρχουσών εμπειριών και γνώσεων των παιδιών και των διαδικασιών συλλογισμού και μάθησης πάνω στο κείμενο κατά την την ερμηνεία των έργων τέχνης. Επιπλέον, εξετάζεται η προοπτική της εν λόγω διαδικασίας για εμπλοκή των παιδιών με ποικίλα κειμενικά είδη καθώς και με σημειωτικές διαδικασίες («ειδικές» μορφές γλωσσικής σημείωσης) που συναρτώνται άμεσα με τη μετάβαση από το πεδίο της κοινής, καθημερινής γνώσης στη συστηματική, εκπαιδευτική γνώση. Βάσει της ανάλυσης των αποτελεσμάτων, η νοηματοδότηση των πινακων ζωγραφικής από τα παιδιά συναρτάται άμεσα με ζητήματα ανάκλησης από την πρότερη εμπειρία και γνώση τους (οικογενειακό, κοινωνικό και διδακτικό πλαίσιο), καθώς και το συμφραστικό και κειμενικό πλαίσιο αναφοράς, χρήσης συγκεκριμένων κειμενικών ειδών (περιγραφή, εξήγηση, επιχειρηματολογία και αφήγηση) και εμπλοκής με σημειωτικές διαδικασίες (κατονομασία, γενίκευση, χρήση αιτιωδών και χρονικών συνδέσεων κ.ά.) που μπορούν να θεωρηθούν ως γλωσσικά επιτεύγματα εφόσον εμπίπτουν στο πεδίο της «γλωσσικής προετοιμασίας» για την μετάβαση στη σχολική γνώση. Τα παιδιά νοούνται ως κοινωνικά τοποθετημένα υποκείμενα που συνομιλούν προκειμένου να διαπραγματευτούν το νόημα ή να παράγουν νέα νοήματα. Με δεδομένο ότι η γλωσσική ανάπτυξη δε συνιστά μία απλή ατομική διαδικασία αλλά συντελείται μέσα και μέσω διαλόγων, μέσω, δηλαδή, της ανθρώπινης και κοινωνικής αλληλόδρασης που κατασκευάζει και διατηρεί τη γλώσσα, κατανοούμε τη σημαντικότητα του σχολείου ως πλαίσιο στο οποίο συντελούνται συστηματικές και στοχοθετημένες πρακτικές γραμματισμού. Εστιάζοντας στον γραμματισμό ως τόπο μετάβασης από την κοινή (commonsense) στη μη κοινή (uncommonsense) γνώση, στην παρούσα μελέτη αναλύονται οι γλωσσικές διεπιδράσεις παιδιών πρωτοσχολικής ηλικίας σε μια διδακτική παρέμβαση στοχευμένη στην νοηματοδότηση πινάκων ζωγραφικής βάσει του θεωρητικού πλαισίου που παρέχει η εκπαιδευτική γλωσσολογία του ρεύματος της συστημικής λειτουργικής γλωσσολογίας (ΣΛΓ). / The purpose of this study is to investigate the way in which kindergarteners make meaning of works of art, in particular paintings, within an organized didactic project to the field of language and art education. More specifically, based on the socio-semiotic perspective of educational linguistics in the frame of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) as well as a cognitive approach to arts in education, the study focus on the linguistic developments of a group of Greek kindergarteners, during successive phases of an art-and-language literacy intervention, in their effort to construe 10 paintings selected by the teacher - researcher. Following SLF framework, language development does not constitute an individual process but occurs in and through dialogue, through, social interaction in specific socio-cultural context. By these means, systematic and meaningful school literacy interaction is to be considered the dialogic context in which the transition from commonsense to uncommonsense knowledge is taking place. Through the analysis of the exchanges between children and their preschool teacher, by employing the tools provided by SLF, the research aims to explore children’s pre-existing experience and knowledge as well as the learning and reasoning processes, when they are trying to construe art paintings. More specifically, it aims to explore how children are engaged with various genres (such as description, explanation, argumentative, narrative) as well as the semiotic processes ("specific" forms of linguistic semiosis) that are directly related to the transition from common to systematic, educational knowledge. After our analysis, the meaning-making of the paintings by the children are not only directly linked to the recall of past experience and knowledge (family, social and educational context) but, more interestingly, with the use of specific genre and with the engagement with semiotic processes (naming, generalization, use of causative and time connectors, etc.) which can be considered as linguistic achievements provided they fall into the "linguistic preparation" for the transition to school knowledge. Our findings offer some evidence for both for language-based learning and knowledge and for literacy specific semiotic processes.

Doctor of Philosophy / The thesis of this study is that two seemingly disparate research disciplines can be coalesced to develop an effective pedagogical framework for educational design in the context of networked learning. That contention is grounded in, and inspired by, the rapid developments in educational technologies which have greatly changed the landscape in teaching and learning in higher education over the last decade. The study attempts to add to the corpus of contemporary learning theory which sees students not merely as passive recipients of knowledge, but as active participants in the learning process, having much greater control over their selection of technological learning tools, learning resources and learning methodologies. This is very much in line with the shift from the traditional focus on content design and knowledge transmission towards a more student-centred design for knowledge co-construction, a development which demands the type of new thinking about the design of learning tasks and learning resources contained in this study. Also set out are new lines of action for the fashioning of a collaborative learning environment, for community interaction and the sharing of knowledge, and for promoting good teaching and learning practice. The central argument of the study is that such pedagogical goals may be attained by juxtaposing the theories of Systemic Functional Linguistics (hereafter SFL) and pattern languages. These have not, thus far, been used in combination. SFL is a well established theory in the study of language, and is used in this thesis to help analyse and classify discourses produced and shared by teachers and students in networked learning. Pattern languages have their origin in architecture. Design patterns can be used as a means of representing and sharing important and specific empirical research results and design experiences. This new knowledge can be used to support and improve the quality of educational design. The study has two central components. The first uses the SFL theoretical framework to demonstrate how text is used as a key medium in networked learning. In other words, it is argued in this section that the quality of texts has a direct impact on the quality of learning and learning outcomes. The quality of text is assessed by means of a detailed discourse analysis of selected texts. This process involves deconstructing, identifying and capturing the linguistic resources and language strategies used in the texts. The detailed discourse analysis also illustrates and reveals how language is used in the construction of knowledge and the promotion of collaboration in teaching and learning. The second component centres on the argument that SFL provides valuable language knowledge which can be represented by using Alexander’s design patterns. New knowledge encoded in these design patterns can be used by teachers and designers as reusable and shared resources to help them improve their design work. The empirical research was carried out in three phases. The first involved a) the identification of text patterns of discourses used in networked learning based on detailed discourse analysis; b) Interviewing experienced academic staff to identify their perspectives on good online teaching practices and success factors. The second phase involved using the data which emerged from these interviews and discourse analysis to model illustrative patterns. (Here, illustrative means that due to the scope of the study, it is only possible to develop a limited number of patterns to illustrate the methods used for pattern development. It is not the intention to develop a full repository of design patterns in this study). In the third (validation) phase the patterns were reviewed by two groups of academic staff, with the aim of improving these patterns. Improved patterns were then tested on a group of educational design students for their usefulness and application. It is concluded from this research that it is possible to develop design patterns which ensure the best use of linguistic resources in both the teaching and learning process. Finally, it is argued that the combination of SFL and pattern languages provides a promising theoretical framework for the complex and demanding task of educational design. Future research could make use of such a framework to explore a fuller application of the pattern- based approach for the representation of new knowledge for educational design. Suggested additional research directions include finding new ways of capturing a new pedagogical approach to mobile learning and blended learning. Also, a promising direction could be the use of SFL Appraisal theory (Martin, 2000) for the investigation on how students construct interpersonal relationships (appraise peer work) in online joint projects. In the conclusion, it is contended that through its exploration of new ground in the use of SFL and pattern language theory in the construction of education design patterns, the study makes a significant contribution to knowledge in the field of networked learning.