Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Southern California, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-198).

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Florianópolis, 2013 / Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T22:57:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 319580.pdf: 1607606 bytes, checksum: 525423f2f626c331923db45d3d816163 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Verificar a validade de um protocolo, cujo objetivo é a avaliação fisiológica e obtenção de marcadores específicos, é considerado pré-requisito para obtenção de medidas precisas e que possam ser utilizadas na prescrição e controle do treinamento do atleta. Recentemente, foi apresentado na literatura o Teste Progressivo Específico para Praticantes de Taekwondo (TET). O TET emprega o chute Bandal Tchagui, principal gesto motor utilizado em competições pelo atleta de Taekwondo. A partir do TET é possível avaliar os indicadores de capacidade e potência aeróbia em atletas de Taekwondo. Porém, não foi constatada a reprodutibilidade e a validade concorrente do TET, de forma que, este possa ser utilizado por pesquisadores e profissionais da área esportiva na avaliação específica de atletas desta modalidade. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é investigar a validade do TET como um método para avaliação aeróbia específica em atletas de Taekwondo. Atletas de Taekwondo que se voluntariam para o presente estudo foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo que realizou um teste de reprodutibilidade (G1), composto por 12 atletas e o grupo que realizou um teste de validade concorrente (G2), composto por 18 atletas. Para participar da pesquisa os atletas deveriam ter idade mínima de 18 anos e pelo menos 3,5 anos de experiência com a prática do Taekwondo. Todos os sujeitos do estudo eram do sexo masculino. Em ambos os protocolos os atletas realizaram as avaliações respeitando intervalo de aproximadamente 48 horas entre os testes. O G1 foi submetido a dois testes (teste e reteste). As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: frequência cardíaca máxima (FCMAX), ponto de deflexão da frequência cardíaca (PDFC), frequência de chute máxima (FCHMAX), frequência de chute de PDFC (FCHPDFC) e o lactato máximo pós-teste (LacMAX). O G2 realizou um TET e um teste incremental em esteira (TI). Durante o TET as mesmas variáveis analisadas no G1, além do VO2max, quociente respiratório (R) e o consumo de oxigênio de PDFC (VO2PDFC) foram mensurados. Durante o TI além da FCMAX, PDFC, R e LacMAX, foram avaliadas também a velocidade máxima (VMAX) e a velocidade de PDFC identificada pelo método DMAX (VDMAX). Para apresentação dos dados foi utilizada estatística descritiva, sendo a normalidade dos mesmos, verificada mediante o teste de Shapiro-Wilk. A correlação linear de Pearson foi aplicada para relacionar as variáveis obtidas no TET e no TI. A relação entre os dois testes para as diferentes intensidade foi verificada por meio da análise de variância two-way (ANOVA) com o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) sendo estabelecido para verificar fidedignidade do teste para o reteste e em relação às variáveis do TET e TI. A análise de Bland-Altman foi utilizada para testar a concordância entre os métodos. Para verificar se há diferença entre os valores médios no G1, entre teste e reteste, e no G2, entre o TET e TI, foi utilizado o teste t para amostras dependentes e foi estabelecida a magnitude das diferenças a partir do effect size (g). Foi adotado nível de significância p<0,05. Os resultados do protocolo de reprodutibilidade demonstraram que a FCMAX e o PDFC não diferiram estatisticamente entre o teste e reteste. Também não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p<0,05) para a FCHPDFC e FCHMAX entre teste e reteste. O effect size para estas variáveis foram classificas da seguinte forma: FCMAX e PDFC como trivial (g<0,1); FCHMAX e FCHPDFC como trivial/baixo (g entre 0,1 e 0,3); e LacMAX como baixo/moderado (g entre 0,5 e 0,7). O CCI demonstra que o teste e reteste apresentam correlação muito forte para as variáveis FCHMAX (0,97), FCHPDFC (0,97), FCMAX (0,97) e PDFC (0,92) e moderada correlação para a LacMAX (0,62). Os resultados do G2 demonstram que as médias das variáveis VO2max (49,16 ± 5,26 ml·kg-1·min-1 e 50,49 ± 4,42 ml·kg-1·min-1), VO2PDFC (43,64 ± 5,55 ml·kg·min-1 e 42,85 ± 4,69 ml·kg-1·min-1) e PDFC (172 ± 8 bpm e 169 ± 8 bpm) não apresentaram diferença significativa (p<0,05) quando comparados os valores de TET e TI, respectivamente. A FCMAX (190 ± 8 bpm e 192 ± 10bpm), o R (1,12 ± 0,06 e 1,19 ± 0,11) e a LacMAX (8,91 ± 1,70 mmol·L-1 e 11,10 ± 2,34 mmol·L-1) foram diferentes (p<0,05) entre TET e TI, respectivamente. Ao verificar a magnitude das diferenças obtidas entre TET e TI as variáveis foram classificas da seguinte forma: VO2max e LacMAX como trivial/baixo (g entre 0,1 e 0,3); PDFC e VO2PDFC como baixo (g entre 0,3 e 0,5); R como baixo/moderado (g entre 0,5 e 0,7); e FCMAX como moderado (g entre 0,7 e 1,1). O CCI demonstra que todas as variáveis obtidas no TET e TI apresentam correlação forte. Sendo assim, o TET mostra-se como uma metodologia reprodutível e válida para avaliação aeróbia específica de atletas de Taekwondo <BR> / Abstract: Check the validity of a protocol, which aims to physiological assessment and obtaining specific markers is considered a prerequisite when it aims to obtain accurate measurements and can actually be used in prescribing and control of the athlete's training. Recently it has been shown in the literature Specific Test Progressive for Taekwondo (STT), a test that uses motion characteristic (kick Bandal Tchagui) required by Taekwondo competition and aims to present indicators of aerobic capacity and power in athletes Taekwondo. However, we no found reproducibility and concurrent validity of the STT, so that it can be used by researchers and practitioners in sport specific evaluation of athletes of this sport. The objective of this research is to investigate the validity of the STT as a method for assessing aerobic specific Taekwondo athletes. Taekwondo athletes who volunteer for this study were divided into two groups: one group that conducted a test of reproducibility (G1), composed of 12 athletes and the group that conducted a test of concurrent validity (G2), composed of 18 athletes. To participate in the survey athletes should have minimum age of 18 years and at least 3.5 years of experience with the practice of Taekwondo. All study subjects were male. In both protocols the athletes performed with respect range of evaluations approximately 48 hours between tests. The G1 was tested twice (test-retest). The following variables were analyzed: maximum heart rate (HRMAX), heart rate deflection point (HRDP), frequency kick maximum (FKMAX), frequency kick HRDP (FKHRDP) and the maximum lactate posttest (LacMAX). The G2 conducted a STT and incremental treadmill test (IT). During STT the same variables in G1were obtained, beyond VO2max, respiratory quotient (R) and oxygen consumption of HRDP (VO2DPHR) were measured. During the IT beyond FCMAX, HRDP, R e LacMAX were also evaluated the maximum speed (VMAX) and speed of HRDP identified by the method DMAX (VDMAX). For presentation of the data was used descriptive statistics, normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. A linear correlation was applied for variables obtained in TET and IT. The relationship between the two tests for the different intensity was verified by the analysis of two-way variance (ANOVA) with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was established to verify the reliability test to retest and the variables of the STT and IT. The Bland-Altman analysis was used to test the agreement between the methods. To check for differences between the mean values in G1 between test and retest, and G2, between STT and IT, t test was used for dependent samples was established and the magnitude of the differences from the effect size (g) .The significance level was p <0.05. The results of protocol reproducibility demonstrated that FCMAX e o HRDP did not differ statistically between test and retest. There were also no significant differences (p <0.05) for FKHRDP and FKMAX between test and retest. The effect size rating for these variables were as follows: FCMAX e HRDP as trivial (g<0.1); ); FKMAX e FKHRDP as trivial/small (g between 0.1 and 0.3) and LacMAX as small/moderate (g between 0.5 and 0.7). The ICC shows that test and retest have very strong correlation for variables FKMAX (0,97), FKHRDP (0,97), FCMAX (0,97) e HRDP (0,92) and a moderate correlation for LacMAX (0,62). The results show that the G2 variables VO2max (49,16 ± 5,26 ml·kg-1·min-1 and 50.49 ± 4.42 ml·kg-1 ·min-1), 50,49 ± 4,42 ml·kg-1·min-1), VO2PDFC (43,64 ± 5,55 ml·kg·min-1 and 42,85 ± 4,69 ml·kg-1·min-1) and HRDP (172 ± 8 bpm e 169 ± 8bpm) showed no significant difference (p<0.05)when comparing the values of STT and IT respectively. FCMAX (190 ± 8 bpm and 192 ± 10bpm), the R (1,12 ± 0,06 e 1,19 ± 0,11) and the LacMAX (8,91 ± 1,70 mmol·l-1 and 11,10 ± 2,34 mmol·l-1) were different (p <0.05) between STT and IT. When checking the magnitude of the differences obtained between STT and IT ranks variables were follows: VO2max, LacMAX as trivial/small (d between 0.1 and 0.3); HRDP and VO2HRDP as small (d between 0.3 and 0.5), R as small/moderate (d between 0.5 and 0.7) and FCMAX as moderate (d between 0.7 and 1.1). The ICC shows that all variables obtained in STT and IT show strong correlation. The STT shows up as a valid and reproducible methodology for evaluation specific aerobic of Taekwondo athletes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gentile_lb_me_botfm.pdf: 247842 bytes, checksum: 63ea41194545ec6eec4411a86ab5ea15 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o envolvimento das prostaglandinas no crescimento tumoral, influxo inflamatório e secreação de citocinas durante a evolução do Tumor Ascítico de Ehrlich (TAE). Para tanto, camundongos foram inoculados com 1 x 103 células tumorais (ip) e tratados com indometacina (1mg/Kg,1x/dia,ip) ou com diluente (0,1 ml,1x/dia,ip). Decorridos 1, 3, 6, 10 e 13 dias os animais foram sacrificados e avaliados quanto ao influxo inflamatório diferencial, secreção de TNF-a, IL1-a, IL-2, IL- 4, IL-6, IL-10 e IL-13 e níveis de PGE2 no lavado peritoneal.. Dois grupos controle adicionais foram constituídos de animais não portadores de TAE tratados com indometacina ou diluente, seguindo o mesmo protocolo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o implante do TAE induz produção de PGE2 durante toda sua evolução; aumento do número de células neoplásicas a partir do 10o dia e diminuição do influxo de células mesoteliais no 10º dia e de basófilos no 10º e 13º dia pós implante neoplásico. Em relação as citocinas o TAE induziu produção de IL-6 no 10º e 13º dia e de IL 2 no 13º dia, não alterando de modo significativo o perfil das outras citocinas estudadas. O tratamento de animais portadores de TAE com indometacina, foi eficaz em inibir o crescimento tumoral e a síntese de PGE2 a partir do 10o dia de crescimento neopásico, e promoveu aumento significativo no influxo de neutrófilos segmentados e de células nucleadas, apenas em tempos iniciais da evolução tumoral. Ainda, o tratamento com indometacina promoveu síntese de IL-13 e inibição significativa de IL-6 no 13o dia de crescimento tumoral, não alterando as outras citocinas analisadas. No grupo não portador de tumor tratado com indometacina observamos aumento no influxo de neutrófilos segmentados no 1º dia... . / The aim of the present study was investigate the prostaglandin involvement during the growth of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT), using as parameters: tumoral growth, inflammatory influx and cytokine profile. Mice were inoculated with 1 x 103 tumor cells (ip) and treated with indomehacin (1mg/Kg,1x/day,ip) or diluent (0,1ml,1x/day,ip). After 1, 3, 6, 10 and 13 days the animals were sacrificed and evaluated in relation to inflammatory influx, secretion of TNF -a , IL1-a, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 and PGE2 level, in peritoneal cavity. Two groups no bearing EAT were treated with indomethacina or diluent as control ,following the same protocol. The results demonstrated that EAT implant induces PGE2 production during all evolution; increases tumoral cells number from the 10th day and decreases the mesotelial cells on 10th day and basophils cells on 10th and 13rd day.The cytokine profile showed EAT induces production of IL 6 from 10th day and of IL 2 on 13rd day, the other studied cytokines were not affected in a significant way. The indomethacin treatment of EAT bearing mice inhibited the tumoral growth and PGE2 synthesis from the 10th day and promoted significant increase on the neutrophils influx and total inflammatory cells, just in initial times of the tumoral evolution. Indomethacin treatment also promoted IL-13 synthesis and significant inhibition of IL-6 on 13rd day of EAT growth, but did not altered the others cytokines. The indomethacin treatment of animals do not bearing EAT increases neutrophils influx on the 1st day, lymphocytes on the 3rd day, eosinophils on 10th day; and no detected alteration was detected on cytokine profile Taken together, the results suggest that EAT growth is modulate by PGE2 and the inhibition of the tumoral growth could be partly related with suppression of IL-6 and liberation of IL-13.

Orientador: José Júlio Gavião de Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T08:51:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patatas_JacquelineMartins_M.pdf: 1134548 bytes, checksum: 25bf80645d816fb83f6e457d61f5568c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O fenômeno Lutas nos remete a um conjunto de modalidades, cada uma com sua história, filosofia e características específicas. Considerando o Taekwondo e suas características como o objeto deste estudo, observamos suas manifestações como esporte para pessoas com deficiência. Então, o presente estudo desenvolve-se sob as bases de uma pesquisa do tipo qualitativa e teve como objetivos gerais apresentar aos profissionais da área da Educação Física conhecimentos sobre o Para-Taekwondo em nível nacional e internacional e tecer considerações sobre os caminhos que ainda necessitam ser percorridos. Este estudo foi organizado na forma de capítulos-artigos, sendo ao todo três capítulos-artigos e um capítulo final com considerações finais do trabalho. Os capítulos-artigos vinculam com o objetivo central desse estudo, porém, cada um possui seu objetivo e desenvolvimento específico. Dessa forma, buscamos com este trabalho apresentar algumas reflexões a respeito do Para-Taekwondo, que surge como a adaptação do Taekwondo convencional para a participação de pessoas com amputação de membros superior. Utilizamos como metodologia para este estudo a entrevista semi-estruturada, coletando dados junto a dezessete professores de Educação Física, também técnicos de Taekwondo convencional que trabalham com a modalidade no Brasil, que fazem parte do Grupo 1 deste trabalho e também, para o Grupo 2, coletamos dados junto a sete professores/técnicos envolvidos com o Para-Taekwondo no Brasil, Canadá, México, Guatemala e Venezuela. Após a transcrição das entrevistas, as mesmas foram analisadas pela Análise de Enunciação, uma das técnicas da Análise de Conteúdo. Percebemos então, que no panorama do continente Americano, o Para-Taekwondo ainda não está totalmente estruturado e os trabalhos realizados na área estão apenas no começo de seu desenvolvimento. Consideramos que para que seja atingido, de fato, um espaço nos desportos Paralímpicos de alto rendimento, deve haver melhor preparação, tanto de professores, quanto dos ambientes que cercam essa prática, e melhor desenvolvimento da modalidade, pois, antes de pensar em Paralimpíadas é necessário pensar no aumento e na expressão de países e pessoas praticando e trabalhando dentro da modalidade / Abstract: The Martial Arts phenomenon brings us to several modalities, each one with its own history, philosophy and special characteristics. Considering the Taekwondo and its characteristics as the object of this study, we are able to observe its manifestations as a sport for people with disabilities. Thus, the present study is developed on the basis of a qualitative study, and it sought to provide the physical education professionals with the general knowledge of Para-Taekwondo, in national and international level, as well to weave considerations of the paths that still need to be traversed. This study was organized in the form of chapter-articles, totalling three chapters-articles and a final chapter with the final considerations. The chapters-articles are linked with the central objective of this study, however, each one has its own purpose and specific development. Therefore, we sought in this study some reflections on the Para-Taekwondo knowledge, which appears as the adaptation of the conventional Taekwondo to the participation of the people with upper limb amputation. For that, we used semi structured interviews as the methodology of the present study, collecting data from seventeen physical education teachers, also Taekwondo coaches that have been working with the conventional Taekwondo in Brazil, which are part of Group 1 in this study and also, for the Group 2, we collected data from seven teachers / coaches involved with the Para-Taekwondo in Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Guatemala and Venezuela. After the transcription, they were analyzed by the Enunciation technique, one of the Contend Analysis techniques. We realized that in the American continent landscape, the Para-Taekwondo is not yet fully structured, and works in the area are only in the beginning of its development. We consider that in order to achieve, in fact, a space in the high-performance Paralympics sports, there must be a better preparation of both teachers and the environments that surround this practice, and also better development of the sport modality, since, before thinking in Paralympics games, it's necessary to consider the increase and the expression of countries and people practicing and working within the sport / Mestrado / Atividade Fisica Adaptada / Mestre em Educação Física

During the design of sports equipment, the main focus is usually on physical performance attributes, neglecting key subjective factors such as feel and comfort. The personal protective equipment worn in sport is a typical example, where injury prevention has taken precedence over user comfort, but it is anticipated that with a new approach to the design process, comfort can be improved without sacrificing protection. Using cricket leg guards and taekwondo chest guards as an example, this study aimed to develop a systematic method for assessing user perceptions and incorporating them into the design process. Players perceptions of the factors that influence the comfort of cricket leg guards and taekwondo chest guards were elicited through the use of co-discovery sessions, focus groups and individual interviews, and analysed through an inductive process to produce a comfort model. The relative importance of each different comfort dimension was identified through the use of an online questionnaire utilising the analytical hierarchy process method. Through the combination of these methods, six general dimensions were identified with a weighting regarding the amount to which each one determines a user's perceived comfort. For both cricket and taekwondo, the majority of players ranked Fit as the most important factor affecting comfort. Experimental procedures were developed to objectively test the Fit of cricket leg guards, with regards to batting kinematics, running performance and contact pressure. These methods were combined with subjective assessments of leg guard performance, to determine if there was a relationship between users perceived comfort and objective test results. It was found that shot ROM and performance were not significantly affected by cricket leg guards, despite perceptions of increased restriction whilst wearing certain pads. Wearing cricket leg guards was found to significantly decrease running performance when compared to running without pads (p<0.05). In addition, it was found that the degree of impedance depended on pad design and could not solely be attributed to additional mass. These results correlated with the subjective assessment of three different leg guards, with respondents identifying the pad which had the largest influence on their running biomechanics and impeded their performance the most, as the most restrictive pad. Contact pressure under the pad and straps was also measured for four different leg guards whilst running. The results found that the top strap applied the greatest amount of pressure to the leg, especially at the point of maximum knee flexion. The peak pressure under the top strap was found to reach up to three times that of any other area of the pad. These results were reflected in the subjective assessment of the leg guards, with all nine subjects identifying the top strap as an area of discomfort for certain pads. The results also suggested there was a preference for pads with a larger more consistent contact area, as pad movement was perceived to increase when contact area variation was greater. Finally the results from this research were used to develop a product design specification (PDS) for a cricket leg guard, specifying size, mass, contact pressure and shape. The PDS was used to develop a concept design which would maximise comfort, whilst maintaining protection.

The purpose of this dissertation is to chart how the development of visual effects has changed popular cinema¡¯s vision of the real, producing the powerful reality effect. My investigation of the history of visual effects studies not only the industrial and economic context of visual effects, but also the aesthetic characteristics of the reality effect. In terms of methodology, this study employs a theoretical discourse which compares the parallels between visual effects and the discourse of modernity/postmodernity, utilizing close textual analysis to understand the symptomatic meanings of key texts. The transition in the techniques and meanings of creating visual effects reflects the cultural transformation from modernism to postmodernism. Visual effects have developed by adapting to the structural transformation of production systems and with the advance of technology. The studio system strongly controlled the classical Hollywood cinema by means of the modern economic production system of Fordism. Breakdown of Hollywood classicism as a production system gave rise to the creation of digital effects with the rise of the concept of the blockbuster and with the development of computer technologies. I argue that the characteristic feature of time-space compression, occurring in the process of the transition from Fordism to flexible accumulation, clearly reflects that of compression of multi-layered time and space, generated in the development process from analog visual effects, such as trick, rear and front projection, to the digital effects, such as rotoscoping and CGI animation. While the aesthetics of analog visual effects, without computing, can be compared to a Fordist production system, digital effects, which hugely rely on CGI manipulation, are examples of flexible accumulation. As a case study of the local resistance or alternative of Hollywood today, I examine the effects-oriented Korean nationalist blockbuster. The Korean nationalist blockbuster films have sought large-scale filmmaking and presentation of spectacular scenes, including heavy dependence on the use of special effects, which is frequently considered a Hollywood style. This paradoxical combination of peculiar Korean subjects and Hollywood style can be viewed as a form of cultural jujitsu, taking advantage of the force of the dominant culture in order to resist and subvert it.

Aggression has many faces in sport. For this reason, it is a complex but fascinating field for studying the nature of aggression. All athletes have to control and channel aggression constructively into skill in their sport in order to sustain optimal performance. The purpose of this research was to study aggression in sport and determine whether aggressive energies can constructively be expressed in the rules of the game and channelled into a powerful and inspiring performance by the athlete. In sport, any type of aggression can transmute into a destructive force that can debilitate and nullify performance. Through this study, the researcher wanted to determine if the participation in Martial Arts can reduce aggression and whether progression in belt rank (beginner, intermediate and advanced) in Martial Arts could cause a gradual decrease in the aggressive behaviour of young adolescents. The researcher also wanted to determine if participation in Martial Arts, other than other types of sports activities (for example, hockey) and those 16 participants absent from any sporting activity, may serve as a deterrent to aggressiveness. A secondary aim was to determine if Martial Arts could be used as a coping strategy for young adolescents to improve their overall mental wellbeing. The core focus of this study is to determine if the participation in Martial Arts (specifically Tae Kwon Do) can reduce aggressive tendencies in young adolescents. The researcher chose Tae Kwon Do from the various Martial Arts styles, because Tae Kwon Do has a very broad combination of traditional components or elements of what any Martial Arts program consist of. It also consists of elements that are incorporated within the program that may have the desired outcome on a participant taking part in such a training program. In Martial Arts, the emphasis is on physical fitness, self-confidence and training in mental control. Most combat activities are usually thought of as providing opportunities for the display of competence and masculinity, the development of self-confidence and a release of tension with the sublimation of aggressive impulses. The term “Martial Arts” will be used throughout this study. The researcher decided on a survey method to carry out this study. Standardised questionnaires were used to determine whether progression in belt rank (beginner, intermediate and advanced) in Martial Arts (group1) could cause a gradual decrease in aggressive behaviour among young adolescents. The results of the analysis of differences between the different levels of Martial Arts showed no statistically significant differences between the levels on all the aggression sub-scales. The personal growth scores, obtained from the responses to the psychological wellbeing questionnaire, were significantly lower for the beginner group than for the other two groups (intermediate and advanced). The results on the psychological wellbeing sub-scales indicated that the personal growth and self-acceptance scores of the Martial Arts group were significantly higher than those of the other two groups (hockey and non-participation). The group that did not participated in any sporting activity, had the lowest scores. Also to be determined was whether Martial Arts could be used as a coping strategy to improve the overall mental health of these adolescents. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted

The purpose of the work reported within this thesis was to design and implement a series of tests which better replicate the impact conditions experienced during a game, and allow for quantitative measurements of performance of various items of personal protection equipment (PPE). The sports of cricket and taekwondo were used as case studies. The aim was to improve on existing testing protocols making them more representative of real life, an approach that has not been previously attempted in the literature and so required design of multiple items of novel equipment. A representative cricket impact test was developed utilizing a ball canon firing a cricket ball mass at an equivalent bowling velocity of 31 m/s (70 mph) and a novel, freely suspended force acquisition system with embedded accelerometers from which the transmitted force values could be derived. Throughout the testing secondary variables of coefficient of restitution (COR), deformation and contact time were measured from high speed video footage to give further insight into the impact mechanics of the three tested leg guards. Contact times were in the range of 3 ms - 4 ms, COR between 0.38 - 0.50 and deformation between 45 mm - 52 mm. These results were compared against other benchmark tests to establish how close the representative test was to an actual human related ball-pad impact and to estimate human tolerance levels to impact. A rig to mimic a human on human kicking impact in taekwondo was designed to measure performance of the piece of body protection equipment used in training and competition, commonly referred to as a hogu. Primarily a mechanical simulator was designed to replicate the speed and mass of a human leg impacting during a roundhouse kick. A force acquisition system was manufactured, capable of integrating with the kicking robot functioning, with a human torso sized and shaped anvil, using a similar accelerometer based system of force measurement as that introduced in the cricket testing. This test was then used to measure performance levels of nine off-the-shelf hogus and protective training pads. Using transmitted peak force and time to peak force (TTPF) as indicators of protection, these values were found to range from between 0.5 kN 7.5 kN and 9 ms - 23 ms across the pads indicating a major difference in the protection provided.

In der hier vorliegenden Studie wurde ein bisher noch nicht beachteter Teil der Sportwissenschaften untersucht. Nach einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche und qualitativen Interviews wurden im Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2006 von über 500 Kampfstilschülern - und Trainern Aggressionswerte sowie sportpädagogisch und -soziologisch relevante Fakten erhoben. Hierbei wurden bewusst solche Personen befragt, die Stile mit überdurchschnittlich hartem Trefferkontakt trainieren. Neben Muay Thai, Freefight und Eskrima unter anderem Krav Maga Maar, Kyushinkai Karate und Grappling. Neben der Schaffung eines umfassenden Grundlagenmaterials zu Themen wie Herkunft, Alter, Bildung, und persönlichen Interessen werden Trainingsgewohnheiten ausgewertet und Beziehungen zu folgenden Faktoren hergestellt: Spontane Aggression, Reaktive Aggression, Summenaggression, Aggressionshemmung, Erregbarkeit und Offenheit. Zur Erfassung der genannten Faktoren wurde der FAF-Test verwendet. Neben einer überdurchschnittlichen Bildung, und im allgemeinen sehr geringen Aggressionswerten konnten auch Tendenzen festgestellt werden, nachdem einige Schüler ihr erlernten Techniken für gezielte Aggressionen außerhalb des Trainings nutzen. Weitere unerwartete Ergebnisse fanden sich unter anderem in den unterschiedlichen Einschätzungen von Trainern und ihren Schülern im Bezug auf deren pädagogischen Einfluss jenseits des Techniktrainings. / The aim of this study is to investigate a field of physical education which has been ignored up to now. After a literature review and a qualitative interview analyses more than 500 martial arts coaches and students have been asked from 2005 to 2006 to collect aggressiveness values and different sports pedagogy and -sociologic relevant data .The study was targeted at "hard -style" martial arts such as Muay Thai, Freefight, Escrima, Krav Maga Maar, Kyushinkai Karate and Grappling. One of the aims was to collect substructal data such as social background, age, education and hobbies. The training data was evaluated and related to the following factors using the FAF Test: Spontaneous Aggression, Reactive Aggression, Aggressionsum, Aggression Escapement, Impulsiveness and Openness. Beside an above-average education and in general low aggressiveness factors the results of the study were a tendency towards the utilisation of martial arts techniques for violent behaviour outside the dojo. Further results include different ratings in the effectiveness of the pedagogical impact of teacher on their students.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-12-06T15:16:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Bruno Azevedo Gomes Freitas.pdf: 1962146 bytes, checksum: 73453ab623f6ca603c55a4438bc193a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-06T15:16:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Bruno Azevedo Gomes Freitas.pdf: 1962146 bytes, checksum: 73453ab623f6ca603c55a4438bc193a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-02 / Brazilian society increasingly demands quality public services assuming the application of established practices in private management would support the managerial model called New Public Management, a model that aims to assist managers to meet this demand. The Federal Higher Education Institutions - FHEI - need to professionalize the management to achieve excellence in public service. This research started asking: What is the composition of the satis-motivational dynamics of the administrators? who work at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora ? UFJF? The research goal was to diagnose the components of the satis-motivational dynamics that impacts the work of the technical-administrative civil servants - TA - who make their professional career in the position of administrator in the FHEI. The answer achieved may subsidize the construction of pertinent policies of people management and the implementation of strategic people management within the UFJF. Qualitative data was collected through interviews with ten out of the 42 administrators who work at UFJF. Such interviews were recorded in audio, transcribed and interpreted by inductive and phenomenographic analysis procedures. The main findings: (1st) motivation to work vary according to the conception of work developed by each individual through subjectively experiencing the performed work; (2d) the motivational factors that positively impact the work of TAs administrators in UFJF are related to: (i) the content of the job they perform; (ii) the recognition they receive; (iii) their sense of accomplishment; (iv) the importance they confer to their work; (3d) such motivational factors manifested according to two working concepts revealed by the interviewees: (a) work as having relevant social impact of organizational results; (B) work as an achievement of personal goals within the organization. It were also identified motivational factors that negatively impact the TA administrators? motivation as well as the ones that bring them satisfaction and dissatisfaction in their work. The administrators? in UFJF satis-motivational dynamic is compounded by: their profile, the activities they carried out and the career horizon they perceive at UFJF. Based on this satis-motivational diagnosis it was drawn up a proposal for a satis-motivational program relevant to the administrators? career as technician public servants in UFJF and pertinent to the organizational context. This diagnosis revealed evidence of an existing crisis of motivations linked to the examined workforce over qualification that tends to result in a loss of their motivation when carrying out perceived low-complexity tasks. The results are relevant to launch a Brazilian interpretive perspective on individual and motivational dynamics in the public sector, that provides managers with information to release TA?s own motivational potential and the re-motivation of those who are in a loss of motivation process. The results are relevant to launch a Brazilian interpretative perspective at the intrinsic individual motivational dynamics in the public sector, which provides managers the possibility to release the motivational potential of each worker and to propitiate their own re-motivation of those who are in loss of motivation process. / A sociedade brasileira demanda crescentemente servi?os p?blicos de qualidade e a aplica??o de pr?ticas consagradas na gest?o privada ? um dos pressupostos presentes no vigente modelo gerencial da chamada Nova Administra??o P?blica, modelo esse que se prop?e a auxiliar os gestores no atendimento dessa demanda com pertin?ncia e efetividade. As Institui??es Federais de Ensino Superior - IFES - necessitam profissionalizar a gest?o de suas atividades para atingir excel?ncia na presta??o de servi?o p?blico. Servi?o este prestado por seus servidores p?blicos, dentre eles os t?cnicos-administrativos. A presente pesquisa partiu da seguinte indaga??o: Qual ? a composi??o da din?mica satis-motivacional dos administradores que fazem sua carreira na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora? O objetivo foi diagnosticar os componentes dessa din?mica satis-motivacional que impactam o trabalho dos servidores p?blicos t?cnicos-administrativos - TAE ? fazendo sua carreira no cargo de administrador numa IFES. A resposta alcan?ada pode subsidiar a constru??o de pol?ticas motivacionais pertinentes de gest?o de pessoas e a implementa??o de uma gest?o estrat?gica de pessoas no ?mbito da UFJF. Esta pesquisa coletou dados qualitativos mediante entrevistas realizadas com dez dos 42 administradores que comp?em o quadro efetivo da UFJF. Tais entrevistas foram gravadas em ?udio, transcritas e interpretadas por an?lise indutiva e fenomenogr?fica. Dentre as descobertas: (1?) as motiva??es para trabalhar variam de acordo com a concep??o que cada indiv?duo subjetivamente elabora vivenciando o trabalho que realiza; (2?) os fatores motivacionais que impactam positivamente no trabalho dos TAEs administradores na UFJF relacionam-se com: (i) o conte?do do que realizam no cargo; (ii) o reconhecimento que recebem; (iii) a sensa??o de realiza??o; (iv) a import?ncia que eles mesmos atribuem ao cargo; (3?) tais fatores motivacionais se manifestaram de acordo com duas concep??es de trabalho explicitadas pelos sujeitos de pesquisa: (a) trabalho como impacto social relevante do resultado organizacional; (b) trabalho como conquista de objetivos pessoais dentro da organiza??o. (4?) Tamb?m se identificaram fatores motivacionais que impactam negativamente no trabalho e na motiva??o dos administradores bem como os que lhes trazem satisfa??o e insatisfa??o no seu trabalho. Comp?em a din?mica satis-motivacional do administrador na UFJF: o seu perfil, as atividades que realiza e o horizonte de carreira por ele almejado na IFES. Com base no diagn?stico satis-motivacional foi elaborada uma proposta de programa satis-motivacional pertinente aos servidores TAE da carreira de administrador na UFJF e ao contexto organizacional. Este diagn?stico revelou ind?cios de estar se vivendo uma crise das motiva??es ligada ? superqualifica??o do quadro de funcion?rios TAE que tendem a perder sua motiva??o pela realiza??o de tarefas percebidas como de baixa complexidade. Os resultados s?o relevantes por lan?ar um olhar brasileiro e interpretativista do indiv?duo e da din?mica motivacional no setor p?blico, que propicia aos gestores considerar a ?tica dos pr?prios TAE para desbloquear o potencial motivacional de cada trabalhador e propiciar a eles realizarem sua pr?pria remotiva??o dos que se encontram em processo de perda da motiva??o.