Dudeism was inspired by a film released in 1998 named The Big Lebowski, which recounts the adventures of a character called the Dude, the namesake of the religion. The Dude is an example of the (mostly) ideal practitioner of Dudeism, which Dudeists mean has existed throughout the ages, expressed differently by different systems of belief and behaviour while retaining an essential Dudeistic spirit.    A superficial overlook of this system of belief and behaviour finds many similarities to early Taoism, a parallel which Dudeism itself encourages, particularly in regards to the Tao Te Ching. It is also clear that many of Dudeism’s central concepts are inspired or borrowed from said work.    This essay explores the relationship between Dudeism and Taoism through comparison, focusing on the teachings of Tao Te Ching in relation to Dudeist thought and practice. It seeks to establish Dudeism’s religious history as a religion firmly rooted in both a modern motion picture and ancient Eastern thought. The essay concludes that Dudeism has adapted the teachings of the Tao Te Ching for a modern, Western audience through the language and imagery of The Big Lebowski, adding its own twists to ancient concepts.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:55:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cabrinijunior_pt_dr_assis.pdf: 440636 bytes, checksum: 11f0fd091a77b7dae9851f16f38de83c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O outono foi uma das estações preferidas dos autores da era T´ang (618-907) e de Camilo Pessanha (1867-1926), escritor português, residente, por muitos anos, na China. A China é um país profundamente confucionista, budista e taoísta. Muitos comentadores já aludiram à proximidade entre a poesia de Pessanha e a doutrina de Buda, mas nenhum crítico, que saibamos, aproximou-a da doutrina de Lao-tzu (século VI a.C.). Nosso trabalho, portanto, procura salientar os pontos de contato entre a poesia de Camilo Pessanha e o Tao Te Ching, livro fundador do Taoísmo, provavelmente escrito por Lao-tzu, e fulcral no pensamento chinês, que Pessanha tanto admirava. / Autumn was a major theme for T´ang poets (618-907) as well as for Camilo Pessanha (1867- 1926) – Portuguese writer who lived in China for many years. China is profoundly affected by the doctrines of Confucius, Buddha and Lao-tzu (respectively, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism). Many essayists pointed out the resemblances of Buddha in Pessanha´s poetry, but none, till now, as we know, pointed out, in his work, the resemblances of Lao-tzu (VI c. B.C.). So, we tried to do this: to make clear how “Taoist” is the poetry of Pessanha, by comparing it with the Tao Te Ching, a major book for Taoism.

With the permission of Swedish Allemansrätten, the Right of Public Access, allows people to interact with the natural environment... . Environmental ethics, discuss about the relationship between man and nature, and is hence clearly connected to the questions of wildlife tourism. Great part of the previous literature has focused on the environmental ethics in tourism from the perspective of utilitarianism or deontology, with special concern in animal rights, animal ethics and animal welfare. However, questions like ‘what kind of people will do good to the environment?’, ‘What are the characteristics of these people?’ are among those that still need to be discussed in the field of wildlife tourism research. According to the theory of environmental virtue ethics, man's attitude towards nature originates from the internal quality and character of human beings. Whether it is the western scholars Thomas Hill and Geoffrey Frasz, or the ancient Chinese School of Confucianism and Taoism, they all put forward their own opinions on the characters required by the virtue ethics of the environment. In this thesis, documentary writing and network media records of wildlife tourists in Sweden are used as empirical materials to demonstrate the behavioral and psychological manifestations of the three characters of environmental virtues ethics. These three characters reflect the harmonious interaction between man and nature, and contribute in the theoretical discussions of of ethics in Tourism Studies.

Submitted by Clodoaldo Vicente Da Silva null (clodcancao@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-28T02:08:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A leveza dos aforismos de I pensieri di bellavista.output.pdf: 858728 bytes, checksum: 33e4f096f358fec4c7c823fc0e400ab8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Laura Akie Saito Inafuko (linafuko@assis.unesp.br) on 2018-03-28T11:26:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_cv_me_assis.pdf: 858728 bytes, checksum: 33e4f096f358fec4c7c823fc0e400ab8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-28T11:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_cv_me_assis.pdf: 858728 bytes, checksum: 33e4f096f358fec4c7c823fc0e400ab8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / I pensieri di Bellavista é uma obra de Luciano De Crescenzo, autor contemporâneo italiano, composta de 365 aforismos. Estes aforismos são dotados de magnífica leveza e profundidade. Para atingir esse efeito de leveza, De Crescenzo se vale do conhecimento acumulado em sua carreira como romancista, filósofo, humorista, cineasta e cidadão napolitano. Além disso, recorre à ironia, figura de linguagem que, por mais de uma via, incorporou-se à cultura napolitana. Recursos como a sátira e o humor também apoiam as breves narrativas na voz do professor Don Gennaro Bellavista. Não apenas recursos linguísticos amparam De Crescenzo na construção da egrégora de leveza que envolve esta obra, o autor também se vale da filosofia Epicurista, dos valores do taoismo clássico e da própria cultura do povo napolitano nesta construção. O presente estudo verifica como são construídos os aforismos, em sua maioria, na estruturação linguística e semântica, para investigar como é criado o efeito de leveza em cada um deles. / I pensieri di Bellavista is a work of Luciano De Crescenzo, contemporary italian author, composed of 365 aphorisms. These aphorisms are endowed with magnificent lightness and profundity. In order to reach such lightness effect, De Crescenzo summons his knowledge, accumulated through his novelist, philosopher, humorist and film maker careers, as well through his Neapolitan citizenship. Besides that, he resorts to irony, figure of speech which, through various ways, had integrated itself to the Neapolitan culture. Means such as satire and humor also supports the brief narratives in the speech of professor Don Gennaro Bellavista. Not only linguistic means are summoned to ground De Crescenzo in the building of the lightness mood that involves this work, the author also evokes the Epicurean philosophy, the classic Taoist values and the Neapolitan culture itself to the same purpose. The present research verifies how the aphorisms are constructed, mostly, in the linguistic and semantic structuration, to investigate how the lightness effect in each of them is created. / CAPES: 1574922

Esta dissertação é uma tradução comentada e contextualizada do segundo capítulo dos escritos atribuídos ao pensador chinês Zhuangzi. Vivendo em um período de crise política, econômica e social e em um momento de transformação, este pensador, como outros de sua época, se dedicou a buscar soluções para superar os conflitos e os sofrimentos existentes em contextos de crise e mudanças. Zhuangzi, desta maneira, considerou que a melhor solução para isso seria a libertação dos padrões determinados artificialmente. Segundo ele, os homens deveriam seguir um fluxo natural e imanente, vivendo, assim, de forma espontânea e livre de apegos. O capítulo traduzido neste trabalho é o principal texto dos escritos deste pensador, não apenas por apresentar um resumo dos temas tratados nos outros capítulos, mas também por abordar as discussões correntes no período em que foi escrito. / This dissertation consists in a commented and contextualized translation of the second chapter of a text ascribed to the Chinese thinker Zhuangzi. Living in a period of political, economic and social crisis, and in a moment of change, this thinker, as other thinkers in his time, dedicated himself to find ways of solving the conflicts and suffering common in contexts of crisis. Thus, Zhuangzi considered that the best solution would be freedom from artificial patterns. He advocated that men should follow a natural and immanent course, and live in a detached and spontaneous way. The chapter which is translated in this dissertation is the most important text written by this thinker, not only for presenting a summary of topics covered in the other chapters, but also for addressing the ongoing discussions of the period in which he was writing.

Le but de cette thèse est de mettre en lumière la relation complexe entre le « corps » du voyageur et celui de l‟écrivain, mais aussi le « corpus » de l‟oeuvre littéraire, dans la mesure où nous avons affaire à quelques écrivains voyageurs en Extrême-Orient des XIX-XXème siècles. Il s‟agit des oeuvres de Segalen, Claudel, Loti, Michaux et David-Néel. Leur réflexion se porte à la fois sur des idéogrammes orientaux et des religions « alternatives » de l‟Extrême-Orient (Tibet, Chine et Japon), notamment le taoïsme et le bouddhisme, et parallèlement sur des confrontations de l‟altérité du « corps ».Notre problématique de l‟espace littéraire propose trois axes principaux que la thèse divise en trois parties en analysant l‟espace textuel, l‟espace « transcendant », et ensuite l‟espace « intérieur ».L’intérêt de ce travail sur le « corps » dans le regard exotique se mesure à la faveur de la notion d‟espace littéraire qui s‟évalue dans un processus particulier propre à chacun de ces auteurs / The aim of this thesis is to bring light to the complex relationship between the “body” of the traveller and that of the writer, but also the “corpus” of literary work, in so far as we deal with several travel writers in the Far East from the 19th and 20th centuries. It consists of the works of Segalen, Claudel, Loti, Michaux and David-Néel. Their reflections relate at once to oriental ideograms and the “alternative” religions of the Far East (Tibet, China, Japan), notably Taoism and Buddhism, and, in parallel, to confrontations with the otherness of the “body”.For our problematic of literary space we propose three principal axes, which divide the thesis into three parts, analysing the textual space, the “transcendent” space and then the “interior” space.The interest of this work on the “body” under the exotic gaze is measured against the notion of literary space, which is evaluated in an individual process specific to each of the authors

De toutes les grandes traditions religieuses le taoïsme est la moins connue. L’objectif de cette recherche est de dresser un panorama de ses représentations et de sa réception en Occident, plus particulièrement en France et en Europe, et d’en identifier les étapes et les modalités, les vecteurs et les publics à un moment charnière où il se diffuse en Occident et où son image de négative devient positive. Ce travail emprunte les voies de l’histoire, notamment missionnaire, de l’orientalisme et de la sinologie, et interroge le rôle joué par les différents acteurs et contextes de réception dans la fabrique de ses représentations qui essentialisent une tradition religieuse chinoise complexe et évolutive. Dans une approche plus socio-anthropologique, il analyse ses modes contemporains de diffusion et d’appropriation par le biais des différentes pratiques d’origine chinoise qui répondent à un souci de soi contemporain tourné vers la réalisation individuelle intramondaine. Empruntant une approche comparatiste qui fait appel à la réception des autres traditions asiatiques en Occident, et du taoïsme aux Etats-Unis, il tente de dégager les traits spécifiques de la fabrique d’un taoïsme occidental en régime de postmodernité. Fabrique qui s’inscrit à la fois dans le mouvement d’internationalisation et de globalisation du religieux et dans les dynamiques du puritanisme libéral anglo-saxon et du New Age qui font converger impératif de bien-être et de réalisation de soi, quête spirituelle individuelle et questionnement de la pensée européenne. / Of all the great religious traditions Taoism is the least known. The aim of this research is to provide a panorama of its representations and its reception in the West, particularly in France and in Europe: to identify its stages of development and its modalities, its vectors and publics. This occurs at a pivotal moment when its spread in the West correlates with an inversion in terms of its public image from negative to positive. This work draws on missionary history, orientalism and sinology. It questions the role played by the various actors and contexts of reception in the fabric of its representations that essentialise a complex and evolving Chinese religious tradition. In a more socio-anthropological approach, this thesis analyzes contemporary modes of diffusion and appropriation through various practices of Chinese origin which respond to a contemporary souci de soi oriented towards individual realization within the world. Using a comparative approach that considers the reception of other Asian traditions in the West and of Taoism in the United States, this study seeks to identify the specific features of the construction of Western Taoism in a postmodern age. This manufacture of Taoism is situated within the movement of the internationalization and globalization of the religious phenomenon and of the dynamics of Anglo-Saxon liberal puritanism and New Age movements. These dynamics bring together the imperatives of well-being and self-realization, individual spiritual quest and questioning of European thought.

Title: Taoism and health: selected aspects Objectives: The first objective of this thesis is to present and interpret Taoist way of thinking with a special emphasis on its teachings regarding health. The second objective is to presents selected aspects of this 'spiritual philosophy' and its health benefits (nutrition, fasting, breathing and physical exercises and others) and tests them against currently available scientific studies. The prolonged goal would be to point out methods which complement the techniques and processes of western health care systems. The third objective examines the legislative situation in the Czech elementary education system regarding the health education topic and beneficial effect of Taoist methods to use. Methods: This master thesis is purely theoretical, focusing on the analysis of primary and secondary source material with continuous and subsequent synthesis. These methods have been complemented with compilation and comparative methods. Results: Based on the available source material, the Taoist way of thinking has been presented including his approach to health. Furthermore, traditional Taoist health promoting practices which were also an inspiration for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) were being discussed. Based on scientific articles and studies, benefits and...

The thesis "Taoism in European terms at the beginning of 21st century. Presentation of this phenomenon in Christian perspective." Taoism as the original Chinese philosophical and religious system, which deeply influenced Chinese Buddhism and Confucianism, is presented in this thesis. The main principles of Taoism and Taoist writings are introduced. Taoism penetrates into different areas of contemporary European culture; its influence is evident in science, literature and the contemporary lifestyle. Special emphasis is placed on traditional Chinese medicine and Taoist exercises that are significantly beneficial to Westerners. In contrast, the risk is found in uncritical accepting and simplifying of selected aspects without a deeper understanding of the principles of Taoism and its tradition. These benefits and risks are documented by publications of Christian theologians. The difference in Eastern and Western thinking is the cause of the difficulty of mutual understanding of both cultures. Keywords Taoism, Chinese philosophy, Chinese traditional medicine, healing, Tai Chi, Christianity

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