Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissHJC.pdf: 2185434 bytes, checksum: 32d0c9b1087df744dc5fe6010acb51a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-19 / The general aim of this study was the evaluation of the speech-recognition technology together with the MESTRE software, in order to check their viability to educational objectives. 110 individuals participated of this study, divided in four groups: G1, constituted by 10 university students; G2, constituted by 60 children presenting normal development: 20 children from 4 years to 4 years and 11 months; 20 children from 5 years to 6 years and 11 months and 20 children from 7 to 7 years and 11 months; G3, constituted by 20 individuals with diagnosis of mental deficiency, from 7 to 14 year old, and G4, constituted by 20 individuals from 7 to 11 year old with diagnosis of phonologic disturbs. The experimental stimuli were presented through the software MESTRE, constituted by two sets, A and B. The A set formed by 51 words of the Portuguese language and the B set was formed by 51 pictures related to the words of the A set. The tested relations were: spoken word - oral production (AE relations); picture oral production (BE relations). The results were statistically analyzed. The average of right answers of the AE relation tasks was compared to the BE relation of the same group of stimuli and the differences were considered non-significant. In the analysis by groups of individuals, the average of right answers in each tested relation was: in G1, in the AE relation, 90,51% and in BE relation, 90,49%; in G2, from 4 years to 4 years and 11 months, the average was 55,4% in AE relation and 52,4% in BE relation; from 5 years to 6 years and 11 months it was 67,18% in AE relation and 68,76% in BE relation; from 7 to 7 years and 11 months it was 77,61% in AE relation and 76% in BE relation; in G3, 61,99% in AE relation and 59,74% in BE relation; in G4, 49,66% in AE relation and 49,55% in BE relation. The results showed that the procedure is effective for speech recognition in adults, to children it may be effective considering the age, because the older the children are the largest the recognition rate. The procedure can become a great instrument of aid to educators in the work with individuals presenting special educational needs concerned to language problems, in the initial grades of schooling. / O objetivo geral deste estudo foi a avaliação da tecnologia de reconhecimento de fala juntamente com o software MESTRE, para verificar a sua viabilidade para finalidades educacionais. Participaram deste estudo 110 indivíduos, divididos em quatro grupos: G1, composto por 10 estudantes universitários; G2, composto por 60 crianças consideradas com desenvolvimento normal: 20 na faixa etária de 4 anos a 4 anos e 11 meses, 20 na faixa etária de 5 anos a 6 anos e 11 meses e 20 na faixa etária de 7 anos a 7 anos e 11 meses; G3, composto por 20 sujeitos com diagnóstico de deficiência mental, na faixa etária de 7 a 14 anos, e G4, composto por 20 sujeitos na faixa etária de 7 a 11 anos, com diagnóstico de transtorno fonológico. Os estímulos experimentais foram apresentados através do programa informatizado MESTRE, constituindo-se em dois conjuntos: A e B, sendo o conjunto A formado por 51 palavras da língua portuguesa, e o conjunto B formado por 51 figuras referentes às palavras do conjunto A. As relações testadas foram: palavra falada produção oral (relação AE), figura produção oral (relação BE). Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, comparando-se as médias de acertos das tarefas da relação AE com as da relação BE do mesmo grupo de estímulos e as diferenças foram consideradas não significativas. Na análise por grupos de indivíduos, as médias de acertos por relação testada foram: no G1, na relação AE, foi de 90,51% e na relação BE de 90,49%; no G2, na faixa etária de 4 anos a 4 anos e 11 meses, foi de 55, 4% na relação AE e 52,4% na relação BE, na faixa etária de 5 anos a 6 anos e 11 meses foi de 67,18% na relação AE e 68,76% na relação BE e na faixa etária de 7 anos a 7 anos e 11 meses foi de 77,61% na relação AE e 76% na relação BE; no G3 foi de 61,99% na relação AE e de 59,74% na relação BE; no G4 foi de 49,66% na relação AE e de 49,55% na relação BE. Os resultados mostraram que o procedimento é eficaz no reconhecimento da fala de adultos; para crianças pode ser eficaz, considerando-se a idade, pois quanto maior a idade maior o índice de reconhecimento, e palavras com melhores índices de reconhecimento, podendo ser um instrumento de grande auxílio para os educadores no trabalho com sujeitos que apresentem necessidades educacionais especiais relacionadas a problemas de linguagem, nas séries iniciais da scolarização. Palavras-chave: reconhecimento de fala; ensino informatizado, transtorno fonológico

Submitted by MARY STELA SAKAMOTO LOPES null (sakamotolopes@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-23T16:50:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Mary Stela Sakamoto Lopes.pdf: 2083421 bytes, checksum: 7809bf789a7ecd0f59e5d4cd2550f366 (MD5) / Rejected by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: 1) Falta a Ata da Defesa - Inserir a Ata da Defesa após ficha catalográfica. Obs. Não precisa colocar o atestado de aprovação. Agradecemos a compreensão on 2018-03-26T16:57:30Z (GMT) / Submitted by MARY STELA SAKAMOTO LOPES null (sakamotolopes@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-12T15:38:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Mary Stela Sakamoto Lopes.pdf: 2398905 bytes, checksum: afaea40e49f262613bfab2b48984c932 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-04-12T16:16:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_mss_me_bauru.pdf: 2346622 bytes, checksum: adedde2561a964328236e90e7b14555c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-12T16:16:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_mss_me_bauru.pdf: 2346622 bytes, checksum: adedde2561a964328236e90e7b14555c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-25 / Analisando as ações docentes, é evidente que a infância vem sendo retirada das crianças, em nível crescente e precoce. Nesse contexto, a priorização de conteúdos curriculares ganha espaço, enquanto que os momentos lúdicos passam a ser menos frequentes. Assim, os jogos, as brincadeiras e os brinquedos são interpretados como desnecessários, e, por isso, devem ser deixados de lado na escola – um ambiente sério, local de aprender. Contudo, tais práticas vão de encontro aos próprios direitos da criança, preconizados na Constituição Federal (BRASIL, 1988) e nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais da Educação Básica (BRASIL, 2010b), que ressaltam o dever de toda a sociedade em zelar pela infância, oportunizando o brincar, de modo a assegurar às crianças os seus direitos, e de aprender sem a antecipação de conteúdos curriculares. É diante dessas contradições, que se tem discutido sobre a inserção de brincadeiras no processo de aprendizagem, inclusive em cursos de formação continuada, como, o Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (BRASIL, 2012a). Objetiva-se, então, avaliar se o direito à infância e o direito de aprendizagem e do brincar estão assegurados nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental – EF em escolas públicas de Bauru – SP, e se o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas se relaciona à formação lúdica docente. Além disso, avaliar-se-á como a ludicidade em sala de aula é inserida nas práticas pedagógicas. Este trabalho caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica sobre a legislação da Educação Básica brasileira, com enfoque para fundamentar a infância, o direito à infância e o brincar no ambiente escolar. A par com as ações anteriores, ocorreu uma pesquisa de campo quali-quantitativa, com a aplicação de questionários a vinte e seis docentes dos anos iniciais (1º ao 3º ano) do EF, em três escolas municipais de Bauru. Ademais, elaborou-se o Acervo da Caixa de jogos do PNAIC, disponibilizada pelo MEC. Os resultados indicam que as brincadeiras em sala de aula não são reconhecidas como um direito fundamental da criança; e que professores com e sem formação lúdica utilizam, frequentemente, a ludicidade apenas como recurso pedagógico para facilitar a aprendizagem dos alunos. / When analysing teaching actions, it becomes evident that childhood has been taken away from children, in a precocious and increasing level. In this context, the prioritisation of curricular content gets increasing attention while ludic moments become less frequent. Thus, games, plays and toys are interpreted as unnecessary, and, therefore, should be left aside in the school – a serious environment and a place of learning. However, such actions go against the Children’s Rights, which are present in the Federal Constitution (BRASIL, 1988) and in the National Curricular Guidelines for Basic Education (BRASIL, 2010b). Both emphasise the obligation of every society to watch over childhood, creating opportunities for play, in order to ensure their rights, learning without the anticipation of curricular content. In the light of those contradictions, the insertion of plays in the learning process has been discussed, including the courses of continued formation, like the National Pact for Literacy in the Right Age (BRASIL, 2012a). Therefore, it is objective of the present study to evaluate if the right to childhood and the right to learn and play are secured during the initial years of the Elementary School – ES of the public schools in Bauru – SP, and if the development of pedagogical practices is related to the teacher’s ludic formation. Besides that, it is evaluated how the ludic moments in the classroom are inserted in pedagogical practices. This study is characterised as a documented and bibliographical research on the Brazilian Basic Education legislation, focused on sustaining childhood and the right to both childhood and play in the school environment. Taking into account the previously presented actions, a quali-quantitative fieldwork research was conducted and consisted of the application of questionnaires on twenty-six first to third grade teachers from ES, in three municipal schools in Bauru. In addition, the Game Box Collection from PNAIC was elaborated, that being provided by MEC. The results indicate that children plays and games in the classroom are not really recognised as a fundamental children right; and that teachers with and without ludic formation frequently make use of ludic moments only as a pedagogical resource in order to facilitate the students’ learning.

A noção de perfil conceitual nos permite conceber que um conceito pode ser representado de diversas maneiras, as quais são chamadas de zonas do perfil conceitual. Cada conceito é utilizado a partir dos contextos estabelecidos na interação humana. Nesta direção, nos propomos realizar o levantamento dos perfis conceituais de ensinar e de aprender de licenciandos em Física, procurando estabelecer a relação entre estes perfis. Para tanto, construímos um questionário com questões que fornecessem marcas de delineamento de contextos, de forma a procurar identificar o uso das zonas de perfil conceitual em cada um desses. O Referencial Teórico foi constituído a partir ampliação da noção de perfil conceitual proposta por Mortimer (1995), nas idéias de Bernstein (1996) sobre contexto e significado, nos estudos sobre conceitos na psicologia da aprendizagem e de algumas considerações baseadas na psicologia histórico-cultural. Estabelecemos categorias, relacionadas a ensinar e a aprender, que foram utilizadas na construção e análise do questionário. Estabelecemos relações entre as respostas referentes ao questionário com ênfase na categoria Concepções de Educação para investigar a constituição dos perfis conceituais de ensinar e de aprender e a relação destas, que hipoteticamente ocorre em um perfil conceitual de ensinar-aprender. / The notion of conceptual profile allows us to conceive that a concept could be represented in several different ways, which are called zones of the conceptual profile. Each concept is used in contexts established in human interactions. Then, we propose to assess the conceptual profile of to teach and to learn of the pre-service Physics teachers, trying to relate those conceptual profiles. To achieve this target we build a questionnaire with questions that address contexts of concept´s use, trying to identify which conceptual profile zone is used in the specific situation. The theoretical referential was weaved with the amplified notion of Mortimers original proposal of conceptual profile (1995), with Bernsteins ideas about meaning and context, with studies about concept of the Psychology of learning and with some considerations based on the cultural-historic psychology. We proposed categories related with the two concepts to teach and to learn that were used to built and to analyze data. Data were related through the category of Concepts of Education to research the existence of those conceptual profiles and if there is a more complex conceptual profile of teaching-learning.

Esta pesquisa teve como temática central o estudo sobre o aprimoramento da docência em ensino de ciências na fase inicial da escolarização. Desenvolveu-se em uma escola da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de São Paulo, tendo como base uma formação contínua em serviço, cuja opção metodológica, em muitos aspectos, se aproxima de uma pesquisa-ação. Essa formação, orientada e organizada pela autora deste trabalho, realiza-se por meio de atividades investigativas de ensino, cujo princípio fundamental é a busca de soluções para os problemas de ensino eleitos como essenciais pelos próprios professores. Neste trabalho, o conceito de ATIVIDADE ocupa posição central e se aproxima do sentido atribuído por Leontiev. Nessa dimensão conceitual, a docência em ciências é concebida como a atividade principal do professor, desencadeadora de suas necessidades organizativas e formativas. Para discutir o processo de aprendizagem da docência, recorremos aos pressupostos defendidos por Leontiev, Vygotsky, Paulo Freire e Tardif. O problema desta investigação põe em discussão a maneira pela qual esse processo formativo contribui para a elaboração de saberes pelos docentes nele envolvidos. Os resultados, obtidos a partir da análise organizada sob parâmetros qualitativos e interpretativos, revelaram que a pesquisaação realizada pelas professoras em seu processo formativo, contribuiu com a elaboração de saberes docentes, criando variadas situações de aprendizagem, marcadas, sobretudo, pelas relações de interação. Identificamos vários saberes docentes, relacionados a elementos indicadores de aprendizagem, como a auto-organização, a predisposição ao estudo e à pesquisa, a maneira de se ensinar ciências por meio de atividades investigativas e de articular esse ensino com o processo de alfabetização na língua materna, a construção de práticas colaborativas na escola, entre outros. Desse modo, reforçamos o potencial formativo da pesquisa-ação como opção metodológica para uma formação contínua, que preza pela construção da autonomia docente e pela concepção da escola como uma comunidade de aprendizagem, capaz de gerar e gerir os seus processos formativos. Dessa maneira, a pesquisa contribuiu com as reflexões realizadas no campo teórico/prático da formação contínua, em especial no ensino de ciências. / This work was focossed on the increase in the teaching performance. It was done in a municipal school in São Paulo city in science discipline in the first years. At this school, the continuous formation process used by teachers was an approximation of the research-action, being the research activities elected by the teachers themselves, and conducted by the author. The concept of ACTIVITY is central to this research and paralallels the concept proposed by Leontiev. In this cintext, science teaching is approached as the main teacher activity, requiring both teacher organization and formation. To discuss the learning process of teaching, assumptions were based on Leontiev, Vygostky, Paulo Freire and Tardif. This work discusses how the teacher formative process adds to the knowledge of the teachers envolved. The results were organized based on the qualitative and interpretative analises, revealed that the research-action did contribute to build knowledge to the teachers involved, by exposure to several learning contexts were interactions were highlighted. Several aspects of teacher knowledge were indentifyied, such as self-organization, the willing to study and research, the use of invesgative activities and articulate it to the alphabetization in the mother language, the exercise of collaborative practices, among others. Therefore, we reinforce the formative potential of research-action as an option of method to a continuous formation. As a result, this research contributed with reflexions in the theory/practice of the continuous formation, particullarly in the science teaching.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:11:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Cinthia Maria Felicio.pdf: 4105499 bytes, checksum: f47e6f713ef1d29e1a3ca72876243200 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-14 / This work can appears like a proposal for reflections in education by chemistry in basic training, the use of playful activities as teaching resource and student engagement in the chemistry study. It can to promote a development of the play culture in the school and from school. The teacher can propose partnership and involvement of students to develop of autonomy and self-knowledge through participation in education self process. It can be a good alternative to students and teachers, when they intentionally work together to build norms and rules that should govern their actions in playgames, or games that the students participate together for a invention of theirs freedom (legaliberté) of action in the classroom through the rules of law that guarantees and serve the educational process. The teacher provides fundamental knowledge relevant to the playfulness and search experience with theirs students and build a pact of playfulness. The playfulness lived in the classroom and in activities of daily life, we believe that this can server to produce of a playgames culture, which considers the playful freedom and this legality, as a means of working the autonomy, the moral and intellectual development of students through education in chemistry. The intensification of dialogical processes and increasing intersubjectivity are seen as a stimulus to the study and understanding of the phenomena being studied. Those processes are seen as a stimulus to the study and to understand the phenomena that we are studying. Chemistry students in the basic training or professional education were challenged to participate and be involved with enthusiasm, they can do more efforts to know the concepts and answer the correctly theirs questions that the teacher or a opposite team to win the play, so they study more and do their better. So the study seem more funny pleasure study and seeks to answer the questions presented in an interdisciplinary way. Leisure activity, in which case the picnic chemical, appears as a novelty in the classroom, a way for students to share their world with peers and teachers and learn more about the chemical composition of foods preferred by them. In response to our initial question, answered by students with suggestions and ideas, seems that they know how to enjoy learning. The teacher consideration of theirs will serve as a catalyst for change and improvement in the classroom participation and sharing of information more meaningful. It could transcend the school and may be evidence for a paradigm change in the educational development of chemical concepts at college. The use of computational resource it is a strategic so good to do sense at chemistry concepts. To work with attention on language and make the students to play with perception, about the different senses of words and learn more. The educator can make questions and to encourage the students that they can participate in drawing up rules and commitment to the good performance activities of their learning process. This is essential to increase the ludic culture and environmental awareness. To learn and understand the meaning of scientific language with gain of meaning in a play activity, we have proposed interdisciplinary partnerships, information technology resources and ludism. An education based in ludic principle can help to improve education in chemistry for the development of professional autonomy and citizenship. / Esse trabalho surge como uma proposta de repensar a educação em química na formação básica e profissionalizante, o uso de recursos lúdicos como recurso didático e de engajamento do aluno ao estudo e desenvolvimento de uma cultura lúdica na escola e a partir da escola. Propõe a parceria e o envolvimento dos alunos na formação da autonomia e autoconhecimento através da participação de atividades de ensino em que intencionalmente professor e aluno trabalham juntos na construção de normas e regras que devem regulamentar as ações dos alunos, tanto em brincadeiras, ou jogos em que os alunos participam juntos na invenção da sua liberdade de ação na aula, por meio da legalidade que as regras lhe garantem e servem ao processo educacional. O professor traz os conhecimentos fundamentais pertinentes ao ludismo e procura vivenciar e construir com seus alunos um pacto de ludicidade. O ludismo vivido em sala de aula e nas atividades do dia a dia, servem a produção de uma cultura lúdica, que considera a liberdade lúdica e a legalidade, como meios de trabalhar a autonomia e o desenvolvimento moral e intelectual dos estudantes através da educação em química. Os processos dialógicos e o aumento da intersubjetividade são observados como um estimulo ao estudo e compreensão dos fenômenos a serem estudados. Os estudantes de química na formação básica sentiram-se desafiados a participarem e se envolverem ao estudo e busca a resposta aos questionamentos apresentados de forma interdisciplinar. A atividade lúdica, nesse caso o piquenique químico, surge como novidade na aula, uma forma dos alunos compartilharem o seu mundo com colegas e professores e aprender mais sobre a composição química dos alimentos preferidos por eles. Como resposta ao nosso questionamento inicial, respondido pelos alunos como sugestões e idéias, sugerem que eles sabem como gostam de aprender e a consideração de sua vontade serve de catalisador de mudanças e melhoria na participação em sala de aula e socialização das informações mais significativas, transcendem a escola e podem ser elementos para a mudança do paradigma educacional na elaboração de conceitos químicos. O uso de recursoa computacionais, preocupação com a linguagem, estimulo ao questionamento e participação dos alunos na elaboração das regras e compromisso com o bom desempenho das atividades, são fundamentais a uma cultura mais lúdica e comprometida com o meio ambiente e a cidadania. A linguagem científica, por meio de atividades lúdicas ganha sentido e significado através de parcerias interdisciplinares,uso da informática e recursos lúdicos e podem auxiliarem na educação pela química.

Le métier d’enseignant universitaire s’apprend le plus souvent sur le tas (Knight, Tait & Yorke, 2006). Mais que recouvre cet apprentissage sur le tas ? L’objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer les pratiques d’apprentissage au travers desquelles, en France, les enseignants universitaires débutants construisent leurs compétences d’enseignement. La recherche, menée auprès d'universitaires novices, questionne l'usage de huit modèles d’apprentissage susceptibles d’être à l’œuvre dans le processus de construction des compétences. La thèse montre que les pratiques des novices sont éclectiques et tendanciellement non-structurées. Alors que les pouvoirs publics considèrent la mise place d’une formation initiale formelle et systématique, cette recherche de thèse engage à une réflexion sur une formation pédagogique des universitaires qui prendrait en compte la diversité des pratiques et l'aspiration des novices à l'autonomie. / How to teach in academia is most often learnt on-the-job (Knight, Tait & Yorke, 2006). But what does the phrase “on-the-job learning” genuinely mean in this case? This doctoral dissertation aims to identify which learning practices novice academics make use of to construct their teaching competences in France. A survey was carried out amongst novice academics asking them to describe how eight learning models may have contributed to the process of constructing their teaching competences. Results show that novices’ practices are eclectic and mainly informal. While public authorities have been developing for a while formal training structures targeted at all newly-hired academics, this research suggests that the variety of practices and the aspiration of novices to informality should also be taken into account.

Studiens syfte var att i lärares uppfattningar och handlingar utforska deras förhållningssätt till faktorer som i tidigare forskning visat på områden som leder till framgång i undervisning. Studien utfördes i form av en fallstudie med en kvalitativ metodansats. Datainsamlingen gjordes med intervjuer med legitimerade matematiklärare, fyra lärare på grundskolans senare nivå samt fyra lärare på gymnasienivå. Dessa har tillsammans med 32 observationstimmar i de intervjuade lärarnas klassrum varit underlag för att få detaljerad information om lärarnas förhållningssätt till vilka faktorer som har betydelse för måluppfyllelsen. Den empiriska datainsamlingen har sammanställts och legat till grund för tolkning ur vilken resultatet framkommer. Det återfanns flera områden där alla lärare både har samma uppfattningar till, men också, bedrev samma typ av praktik med avseende på de undersökta faktorerna. Slutsatser som kunde dras av denna fallstudie är att lärare kan ha fler ämneskonceptioner än den egna uttalade. De intervjuade lärarna hade god kännedom om faktorer som är kopplade till framgångar i måluppfyllelse i matematik. De hade uppfattningen att dessa faktorer spelar en viktig roll i elevernas förmåga att nå målen. Undervisningen följde lärarnas kännedom om och uppfattning om dessa faktorers betydelse för elevernas måluppfyllelse i de flesta avseenden. Fem aktiviteter avvek från detta: gymnasielärarna lyfte mål och syfte med aktiviteterna i klassrummet i mycket högre utsträckning än grundskollärarna. Grundskollärarna använde sig av öppna frågor för att utveckla elevernas kritiska tänkande i högre utsträckning än gymnasielärarna. Lärarna uttalade inte sina högt ställda förväntningar till eleverna. Lärarna talade inte om för sina elever vilken vision de har för aktiviteterna och de presenterade inte utmaningar i samband med undersökningar i någon högre grad i klassrummet. / The purpose of this study was to explore teachers’ approaches to both perceptions and actions, as well as to factors that can affect the rate of which students in Swedish schools achieve their goals. The factors are chosen from research focusing on successful education. The study was conducted in the form of a case study with a qualitative method approach. The data collection was made through interviews with legitimized mathematic professors, four teachers from the upper levels of high-school and four teachers in a Swedish gymnasium. These have alongside with 32 observation-hours inside of the interviewed teacher’s classrooms formed the basis for the detailed information about the teachers’ approaches to what factors that are important for achieving (the students) goals. The empirical data collection has been compiled and provided the basis for interpretation from which the result is obtained. There were many areas where the teachers have the same opinion, but also exercised the same practical (teaching methods) with respect to the tested factors. Conclusions from this case study are that the teachers can have more subject conceptions than the expressed ones. The interviewed teachers had extensive knowledge of factors that are connected to success in goal completion within mathematics. They were under the perception that these factors play a major part in the students’ abilities to reach their goals. The education followed the teacher’s knowledge and perception about the importance of these factors in order to achieve the student’s goals. Five activities deviate from this: the teachers in the Swedish gymnasium focused on goals and purposes of the activities in the classroom to a greater extent than the high-school teachers. The high-school teachers used open-answer questions to develop the students critical thinking to a greater extent than the teachers in the Swedish gymnasium. The teachers didn’t expressed their high expectations to the students. The teachers didn ́t tell their students what goals they have for the activities in the classroom and they don’t presented any sort of challenge connected to laboratory experiments.

The mechanism of how physical education teacher education (PETE) students learn to teach physical education (PE) has been considered as a missing link in a comprehensive curriculum of PETE research. Previous studies found that the PETE students’ acculturation phase has a big impact on the students’ beliefs towards teaching PE as it is referred to as Occupational Socialization Theory (OST). The purpose of this study was to explore how PETE students learn to teach PE based on their experiences being taught PE and coached in a sport and their reflections on their emerging practices whilst taking a course EPHE 452 – Strategies for teaching games, a culminating course in their physical and health education teachable area. The study used two qualitative research methods, autoethnography and participant observation ethnography, within a case study design methodology. Data collection included the case studies’ interviews of three PETE students and the EPHE 452 course observation throughout COVID-19 pandemic in Spring semester in 2021. The findings showed that PETE students carried beliefs from their acculturation phase to their professional phase, while the teacher education program has a positive impact on the PETE students’ beliefs towards teaching PE. Four organizing course themes with sub-themes emerged; insights on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the course becoming a mediating theme. Several effective methods were used to develop PETE students’ abilities to teach PE, such as the online resources, group discussions, the practicum experience and the reading of articles. The COVID-19 pandemic created opportunities and challenges among PETE students who took EPHE 452 course in Spring Semester in 2021 that have led to a rethinking and redevelopment of the EPHE 452 course. / Graduate

Background: The growing number of migrants, and refugees in particular, can have complex impacts on healthcare systems as they face pressures of responding to new healthcare needs. Refugees report lower levels of self-assessed health and psychological well-being compared to host populations, but paradoxically, many refrains from seeking care although they perceive the need to. Health promotion and improved health literacy has been identified to improve service utilization and health outcomes of refugees. Aim: Investigating perceptions of health communicators in implementing a Swedish version of the teach-back method for improved health information recall – Förstå Mig Rätt (FMR) – in the Swedish civic orientation for newly arrived refugees. Method: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to explore the utilization of FMR. Content analysis was used to analyze the data, and an integrated model for health literacy by Sørensen et al. guided the discussion in examining how FMR contributed to improved health literacy. Findings: Three themes emerged from the data: (i) Appreciating the impact of FMR; (ii) valuing the role of a communicator and; (iii) practical challenges of implementing FMR. The findings demonstrated an overall appreciation for the method but implicated changes in the layout for further improvements. Conclusion: FMR serves its purpose of ensuring recall and understanding of health information among newly arrived refugees attending the Swedish civic orientation. For optimal utilization, groups should be adjusted for participant educational level while further clarification on restating information, and extended time for dialogue, is recommended.

L'objet de ma recherche porte sur le désir d'enseigner qui interroge le choix d'un métier et la rencontre actuelle entre l'adulte et l'enfant, soit dans l'enseignement ordinaire soit pour les enseignants spécialisés qui choisissent de se confronter aux troubles graves des apprentissages et au handicap. Il s'agit d'explorer les origines du désir pris dans le discours spontané des enseignants appuyé sur des entretiens cliniques de recherche et dans un autre registre saisir la dynamique pulsionnelle, les choix identificatoires, les processus d'idéalisation et les mouvements fantasmatiques qui peuvent se déployer à travers l'utilisation des méthodes projectives. Pris dans la « métaphore vive » du mythe de Pygmalion déconstruit par Kaës (1973) à partir du fantasme de fustigation décrit par Freud en 1919, enseigner appelle un scénario fantasmatique mobile où les emplacements et les identifications entre l'enfant et l'adulte sont permutables, réversibles dans un retournement des positions actives et passives du sujet. Le désir d'enseigner s'inscrit dans une dimension narcissique patente actualisant le sentiment de continuité d'existence et la quête d'une image de soi idéale mais dans le même temps, se joue aussi la quête de la différence, ancrée dans l'infantile et le sexuel (Chabert, 2011) convoquant inévitablement la différence des sexes et la bisexualité psychique. Enfin, dans la réciprocité du désir d'apprendre et de savoir, enseigner à l'enfant, c'est aller à la rencontre de l'Inconnu posé par Rosolato (1978) comme une relation fondamentale entre le désir et l'idéal qui interroge l'inconnu en soi, le mystère de nos origines convoquant les fantasmes originaires rattachés aux questions de la naissance, de la mort et de la scène primitive. Le Rorschach et le TAT, ces autres objets énigmatiques qui font émerger des « arrêts » sur image et l'insistance de la répétition à certaines planches, mobilisent, dévoilent des enjeux fantasmatiques dans un écho singulier avec ce qui se joue dans la rencontre entre l'adulte et l'enfant à l'âge œdipien, celui de la latence et de l'adolescence. / This research focuses on the desire to teach that motivates the choices of a career and of the mutual encounter between the adult and the child, either in an ordinary school or a special educational setting for learning difficulty or severe disability needs. It aims at exploring the origins of the desire of teachers, on the one hand, through clinical research interviews, and on the other hand, by focusing on the underlying dynamics of drives, identifications and fantasies through projective testing. Caught up in the "rule of metaphor" of the Pygmalion myth, which was revisited by Kaës (1973) based on Freud's child beating fantasy concept (1919), teaching addresses mobile fantasized scenarios where identifications between the adult and the child are intertwined and reversible, turning around active and passive positions of the subject. The desire to teach is part of an evident narcissistic domain, restoring the sense of continuity of being and of an ideal self-image. However, the quest for differentiation, rooted in infantile psychosexuality (Chabert, 2011), is also played out, inevitably summoning gender differences and psychic bisexuality. Lastly, given the reciprocity between the desire to impart and to learn, teaching a child means encountering the Unknown which Rosolato (1978) defined as the fundamental relationship between the desire and the ideal; a relationship that questions the unknown in oneself, the mystery of one's origins and evoke primal fantasies which relate to questions of birth, death and primitive scenes. Enigmatic tools, such as the Rorschach and the TAT, produce fixated images and insistent repetitions on specific cards which summon fantasies echoing those at play in the encounter between the adult and the child of oedipal, latency or adolescent age.