The purpose of this study was to analyse the texts that compound the material used in distance education courses presenting their regularities according to infrastructure, in order to characterize them as a textual genre. To do so, we are aimed at: a) describing and analysing the texts in relation to the organization of the thematic content (general plan); b) investigating the thematic content and its relation to its sequential textual organization and with the types of discourse that compound each unit. The corpus of this research, of descriptive, quantitative and interpretative nature, is formed by sixteen written units to compound the material used in distance education courses of three Brazilian universities: Centro Universitário Claretiano CEUCLAR (Batatais, SP); Universidade de Uberaba UNIUBE (Uberaba, MG) and Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (Palhoça, SC). The analyses is based on Bronckart s theory (2003), which states that every text is organized into three components: the general textual infrastructure, the textualization and enunciative mechanisms. The studies of Bakhtin (2003) were also used when he defines textual genres and considers constituent elements of enunciation, as follow: thematic content, linguistic resources and compositional construction. We also verified that the units are highly standardized in its general infrastructure, which was our aim in this study, beginning with the general plan, responsible for showing the thematic content organization. In addition, we observed that the dominating sequence in the units is the explicative, followed by the injuntive, argumentative and descriptive ones. Another planification form showed in these texts is the outlines. We also listed the types of discourse in the units and we verified that the theory is predominating, as well as being by the monological interactive discourse, what can help the student be interacted with the text, once in the distance learning education, teacher-student direct contact does not always occur, or it does not exist at all. So, we reached the general aim of the work, which was the characterization of the texts used in the distance graduation courses as a genre, once the way language is organized is determined by its functions in this specific context of the teachinglearning process. / A proposta deste trabalho foi analisar os textos que compõem o material utilizado em cursos de graduação a distância, apresentando suas regularidades no que tange à infraestrutura, a fim de caracterizá-los como gênero textual. Para tanto, objetivamos: a) descrever e analisar os textos, quanto à organização do conteúdo temático (plano geral); b) investigar o conteúdo temático e sua relação com a organização sequencial do texto e com os tipos de discurso que compõem cada um dos roteiros. O corpus que compõe esta pesquisa, de natureza descritiva, quantitativa e interpretativa, compreende 16 unidades escritas para compor o material utilizado em cursos de graduação a distância de três instituições brasileiras: Centro Universitário Claretiano CEUCLAR (Batatais, SP), Universidade de Uberaba UNIUBE (Uberaba, MG) e Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina UNISUL (Palhoça, SC). Para análise, tomamos como base a teoria de Bronckart (2003), que assevera que todo texto é organizado hierarquicamente em três folhados: a infraestrutura geral do texto, os mecanismos de textualização e os mecanismos enunciativos. Baseamo-nos, também, na teoria bakhtiniana (BAKHTIN, 2003), no que diz respeito à definição dos gêneros textuais e ao considerar os elementos constitutivos do enunciado, a saber: conteúdo temático, recursos linguísticos e construção composicional. Verificamos que as unidades são altamente padronizadas no que diz respeito à infraestrutura geral, que foi nosso foco, a começar pelo plano geral, responsável por mostrar a organização do conteúdo temático. Verificamos, também, que a sequencialidade dominante nas unidades é a explicativa, seguida da injuntiva, argumentativa e descritiva. Outra forma de planificação muito encontrada nesses textos foram as esquematizações. Levantamos os tipos de discurso presentes nas unidades e constatamos que o teórico predomina, sendo entrecortado pelo discurso interativo monológico, o que pode auxiliar na interação do aluno com o texto, visto que, na modalidade a distância, não existe ou ocorre com pouca frequência o contato direto entre professor-aluno. Com isso, atingimos o objetivo geral do trabalho, que era o de caracterizar como gênero os textos utilizados nos cursos de graduação na modalidade a distância, já que o modo como a linguagem se organiza é determinado pelas funções que desempenha neste contexto específico de ensinoaprendizagem. / Mestre em Estudos Linguísticos

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo produzir uma tradução comentada, do alemão para o português, de uma seleção de documentos emblemáticos da resistência alemã ao Nacional-Socialismo. O corpus constitui-se especificamente de registros escritos dos interrogatórios (em alemão: Verhörprotokolle, protocolos de interrogatório) conduzidos em fevereiro de 1943 pela Polícia Secreta Nazista com os irmãos Hans e Sophie Scholl. Ambos eram integrantes do grupo A Rosa Branca, formado sobretudo por estudantes da Universidade de Munique que se opuseram ao regime nacional-socialista através da produção e distribuição de panfletos, nos quais lançavam críticas incisivas ao regime e à postura apática da população alemã perante os crimes cometidos pelo Estado. Tendo em vista o objetivo geral do trabalho e a conjuntura histórica em que se insere o corpus, partiu-se na análise e tradução dos protocolos de uma base teórica interdisciplinar, pautada tanto em elementos da pesquisa historiográfica quanto em pressupostos dos Estudos Funcionais da Tradução sobretudo no modelo de análise textual e tradução de Christiane Nord (1988, 2009) , da Linguística Textual e da Análise do Discurso. Para a tradução comentada dos protocolos, produto final deste trabalho, previu-se desde o início uma função documental, a qual justifica diversas microdecisões tomadas ao longo do processo tradutório. Elas vão desde a opção por reproduzir a formatação original dos textos de partida em alemão até a busca por reconstituir seu pano de fundo histórico por meio de comentários e imagens, inseridos propositalmente na margem direita e não no rodapé ou no fim da tradução. Espera-se, assim, que os textos traduzidos possam ser consultados, lidos e analisados como documentos e testemunhos sobre a resistência alemã ao Nacional-Socialismo, tema ainda pouco divulgado e estudado no Brasil. / This study aims to produce a commented translation from German into Portuguese of a selection of iconic documents of the German resistance to the National Socialism. The corpus is specifically consisted of written records of the interrogations (in German: Verhörprotokolle, interrogation protocols) conducted in February 1943 by the Nazi Secret Police with the brothers Hans and Sophie Scholl. Both were members of the group The White Rose, mostly comprised of students from the University of Munich who opposed the National Socialist regime by producing and distributing pamphlets in which they released incisive criticism to the government and apathetic posture of the German population before the crimes committed by it. Bearing in mind the overall aim of the work and the historical context to which the corpus belongs, an interdisciplinary theoretical basis was used in the analysis and translation of the protocols, based both in the historical research elements and on suppositions of the Functional Translation Studies especially in the model for translation-oriented text analysis by Christiane Nord (1988, 2009) , Text Linguistics and Discourse Analysis. For the commented translation of the protocols, the end product of this research, a documentary function was envisaged from the beginning, which justifies different micro decisions taken throughout the translation process, ranging from the choice of reproducing the original formatting of the source texts in German to the search for reconstituting the historical background of the source texts by means of comments and images intentionally inserted on the right edge of the page, and not in footnotes or at the end of the translation. It is, therefore, expected that the translated texts can be consulted, read and analyzed as documents and testimonies of the German resistance to the National Socialism, a subject still little publicized and studied in Brazil.

Le plaisir de découvrir les œuvres de l’antiquité et d’ouvrir à l’infini la possibilité de lire dans sa langue les auteurs du monde entier passe par le labeur de la traduction. Cette thèse présente un cas d'espèce, celui de l’expérimentation d’une méthode adaptée à une culture africaine pour traduire la correspondance épistolaire de l’Apôtre Paul. Le peuple nawda dans le Nord du Togo, de tradition orale, privilégie une vision communautaire des relations et conçoit le travail dans sa dimension collective. Pour eux, traduire c’est aussi interpréter collectivement / For speakers of minority languages, the pleasure of being able to read the great works of antiquity and of being able to access world literature in one's own language requires the hard work of translation. This dissertation presents a case in point, reporting on an experimental translation method especially adapted for African culture with a view to translating the Pauline epistles. Nadwm society in northern Togo is an oral culture, which favors a communal vision of relationships and views work as a collective experience. For them, to translate is to interpret collectively.

This thesis has attempted to determine if there are differences, concerning adverbial placement, between the sentences of left- and right-handed writers. To make this determination, I have statistically analyzed compositions of eight graduate students (four left-handed and four right-), and two left-handed published authors' (Lewis Carroll's and Mark Twains) private correspondence.

No description available.

The National Geographic Channel’s miniseries “Snake Salvation” resurrected a vested interest with the heavily documented practices of signs-following believers in central Appalachia. The current body of scholarship surrounding these congregations focuses mostly on oral history narratives and explanations of religious fundamentalism; a critical analysis of the discourse shared by these congregation members is noticeably absent. This thesis explores selected interviews with George Hensley, Andrew Hamblin, Jamie Coots, and Alfred Ball through the interdisciplinary application of discourse analysis paired with social disclosure theory to unveil the underlying struggles with power and personal beliefs expressed by each pastor. The research performed throughout this study spans interviews collected and published from the 1940s to 2014. Through a discourse analysis performed on these interviews coupled with support from sociological and communicative theoretical frameworks, this study looks to highlight struggles with power and authenticity present for signs-following pastors.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of code switching between Tamazight and Arabic in light of Myers-Scotton's Matrix Frame Model (MLF) (Myers- Scotton, 1993), and the 4-M model of code switching (Myers-Scotton & Jake, 2000). Data come from the very first Libyan Tamazight news broadcast in Libya on May 2, 2011, during the uprising against the Gaddafi regime. I analyzed the broadcast in an attempt to understand the nature and implications of the switching between the two languages in the utterances of the speakers in the video. I also argued that in many ways what many might think of as code switching is actually borrowing. During the Gaddafi era, the government banned the use of Tamazight in formal settings such as the media, work place, and schools. Since the fall of Gaddafi and his regime, the Imazighen (or Berbers) in Libya have sought to present themselves, their language, and their culture as an important part of Libyan culture. Libya's Imazighen are bilingual speakers, a fact that set up the conditions for the switching between Tamazight and Arabic analyzed in this study. Their bilingualism, along with Libyan language policies under Gaddafi, help account for the nature of code switching in the data. This study documents contact phenomena among different languages in Libya. It also facilitates understanding of some of the sociolinguistic changes occurring there as a result of the political changes in the wake of so-called "Arab Spring."

Latino men, particularly those who have sex with other men, have been disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. Scholars have sought for nearly two decades to understand how various social and cultural factors in the Latino community exacerbate HIV risk among these men. Although following the advent of life-sustaining medications in 1996, HIV is often regarded as a manageable chronic illness, as opposed to a death sentence, scant attention has been devoted to how HIV-positive Latino men experience managing the illness. Among studies that have focused on HIV-positive persons' illness management, few Latino men have participated. Using the Appraisal framework from Hallidayan Systemic Functional Linguistics, with Bucholtz and Hall's theory of social identity (2004, 2005), this discourse analysis sought to explore intersubjective relations as reported by five HIV-positive Latino men, three native-born and two immigrants, in semi-structured interviews that attempted to avoid preconceived expectations about salient structures. While structures such as homophobia, machismo, and stigma emerged in each interview, the native-born men's discourse differed from that of the immigrants in that the former did not address financial concerns with regard to HIV medications, whereas the latter represented their agency as having been constrained by low income requirements for obtaining assistance in accessing expensive HIV medications. This finding tentatively suggests that the issue could be more salient for immigrants than native-born Latinos and warrants additional, more focused research on the effects of the structures of benefit programs on HIV-positive Latino immigrants.

The historical nature of language contact between French and Arabic in Algeria has created a sociolinguistic situation in which French is permeated throughout Algerian society. The prevalence and use of spoken French in Algeria by native speakers of Spoken Algerian Arabic has been a topic of interest to researchers of codeswitching since the 1970s. Studies have been conducted on codeswitching in Algerian media such as television, radio, and music. The hip hop scene has been active in Algeria since the 1980s. Algerian hip hop lyrics contain a multitude of switches into French. This study explores the structural makeup of the codeswitching between French and Spoken Algerian Arabic in Algerian hip hop. These are pattern that have gone heretofore unstudied. The purpose of this study was to utilize Myers-Scotton's MLF and 4-M models in order to analyze the codeswitching between Spoken Algerian Arabic and French found in the lyrics to the hip hop album Kobay by popular Algerian hip hop artist Lotfi Double Kanon. This study had two goals: the first was to document the structural patterns of the codeswitching found in the data. The second goal was to test Myers-Scotton's models and determine whether the patterns found in the data could be predicted by the MLF and 4-M models. In order to accomplish these goals, the lyrics to the album were transcribed, translated, coded and analyzed at the level of the complementizer phrase. The principles of the MLF and 4-M models were used as central tool for analysis. This study demonstrates that the codeswitching found in the lyrics to Kobay follow the principles of the MLF and 4-M models to a great extent. However, three examples of problematic data are presented. This is followed by a discussion on the social and structural implications of these findings.

Магистерская диссертация посвящена исследованию лингвистических особенностей политического дискурса предвыборных кампаний в США. Целью данной работы является определение роли функциональных доминант как фактора речевого воздействия и выявление особенности их употребления в политическом дискурсе предвыборных кампаний. Структура работы состоит из двух глав: теоретической и практической. В первой главе рассматриваются теоретические основы исследования, определяется теоретический подход к изучению материала. В практической части проводится сравнительный анализ текстов предвыборных кампаний рассматриваемых периодов. В результате нашего исследования, определена роль функциональных доминант в политическом дискурсе, выявлены особенности их употребления, а также даны рекомендации по формированию эффективной предвыборной речи с учётом лингвистических и дискурсивных особенностей. Данные результаты могут быть использованы при подготовке агитационных мероприятий, специалистами по связям с общественностью, спичрайтерами, политическими консультантами, политтехнологами, специалистами по межкультурной коммуникации, при составлении программ, курсов, учебных дисциплин по межкультурной коммуникации. / The master’s thesis is devoted to the study of linguistic features of the political discourse of election campaigns in the United States. The purpose of this work is to determine the role of functional dominants as a factor of speech influence and to identify the features of their use in the political discourse of election campaigns. The structure of the work consists of two chapters: theoretical and practical. The first chapter discusses the theoretical foundations of the study, defines a theoretical approach to the study of the material. In the practical part, a comparative analysis of texts is carried out election campaigns of the periods under consideration. As a result of our research, the role of functional dominant in political discourse, the peculiarities of their use are revealed, and recommendations are given on the formation of an effective election speech taking into account linguistic and discursive features. These results can be used in the preparation of campaign events, by public relations specialists, speechwriters, political consultants, political technologists, specialists in intercultural communication, in the preparation of programs, courses, academic disciplines on intercultural communication.