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This study investigates the impact of the Times of Zambia gender policy on journalistic practices. The policy was formulated to address issues of representation of women both in news coverage and at an institutional level. In spite of the implementation of the editorial gender policy, no change in gendered representation is evident. As a media practitioner and a Zambian woman concerned with social justice, I set out to investigate the impact of this policy on journalistic practices. The study is informed by a Cultural Studies approach to media studies, specifically drawing on the 'circuit of culture' (du Guy et ai, 1997) and focused on two specific 'moments', namely representation and production. Data was collected using two qualitative methods, namely document analysis and semi-structured in-depth interviews. The document analysis established that this policy is informed by a liberal feminist approach to media and identified the weaknesses in its formulation. The subsequent semi-structured in-depth interviews probed the practices and perceptions of male and female journalists and editors in relation to the degree of change in gendered representation in the news. This study finds that the editorial gender policy at the Times of Zambia has not had any significant impact on the journalistic practices and it probed the reason for this lack of effectiveness. It argues that this can be partially attributed to the orientation of the policy within a liberal feminist paradigm which neglects the internal and external factors that influence the representation of women and men in news production. Further, this position ignores the societal structures and power relations which impact, albeit unintentional, on the treatment of news. Inter-organisational factors such as profit maximisation, political interference, the use of news values and news beats are identified as leading to the exclusion of representations of women in hard news. At an intra-organisational level, lack of importance attached to the policy by senior staff and their attitudes to news production in general have meant that the policy was not enacted or ensured in any meaningful way. The study also established that the patriarchal values that characterise Zambian society influence journalists ' and editors' treatment of news, thus making the implementation of the policy ineffective. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in

Since the demise of the Berlin Wall and communism, many African countries have adopted a Western-model democracy as a system of governance. However, the media has not been liberalised to reflect this new discourse as constraints in many African countries pertaining to press freedom still exist. The internet appears to have the potential to challenge the political power of governments (Tsagarousianou, 1998:167). It has been posited that it has the potential to offer more platforms for information especially in the case of restrictive media environments. This study set out to investigate the impact of on-line publishing in Malawi. It explored how the emergence of this new form of publishing through the internet has affected the public sphere, democracy and press freedom in Malawi. The main focus was the level of press freedom at on-line newspapers as compared to traditional newspapers. It used the public sphere theory and literature on the internet as a technology of freedom as its theoretical framework. Using a case study approach by focusing on two newspapers; Nyasatimes on-line and Daily Times, the study used the coup plot coverage in May 2008 in Malawi by both newspapers as reference for the measurement of the level of press freedom. The study used qualitative content analysis and semi-structured interviews as its research methods. The research revealed that Nyasatimes enjoys more freedom to publish and therefore appears to have more press freedom than its more traditional counterpart. However, Nyasatimes also faces some unique challenges. The findings also revealed that press freedom in Malawi is not only affected by government through legislation but other factors and players as well play a central role in determining the level of press freedom for traditional media. The study therefore concludes that despite the internet’s ability to transcend local regimes of authority and censorship pertaining to press freedom, the challenges facing traditional media still need to be addressed as it is the primary source of information for most people in Malawi with on-line newspapers being simply supplementary.

This study analysed the representation of South African women politicians in the Sunday Times’ election news during the 2004 Presidential and general elections, by drawing on perspectives from cultural studies, the constructionist approach to representation and the sociology of news production. Using content analysis and critical discourse analysis, the study found that very few women politicians were used as news actors/sources in the Sunday Times, and that when women politicians were figured, the paper tended to present them in ways that serve to sustain women’s subordinate status in society. Using content analysis, the study analysed 106 news items published between January 1, 2004 and April 30, 2004, and found that of all the 588 identifiable news actors/sources counted, 135 were women and 453 were men. Of these, only 7.67% (or 26) were women politicians and 92.33% (or 313) were men politicians. On average however, the amount of words allocated to a woman politician was more than that allocated to a man politician. The discourse analysis also revealed how the Sunday Times managed to reproduce textually the hegemonic power relations between women and men, by constructing different subject positions for women politicians and men politicians, which generally tended to be negative and positive respectively. In the representation of women politicians, the study revealed patterns that tended to ascribe them negative personality traits, accentuate their passivity and dependency on men, and construct them as incompetent political leaders. This study’s conclusions pose a challenge to the role of the national newspaper in the transformation of gender relations and the promotion of equal access to political and decision-making positions, and to the news media. News discourse, as a social practice, both determines and is determined by the social structure in which it is produced. By systematically reproducing subordinate subject positions for women in the news, the Sunday Times helps to further women’s subordinate status in society. Particularly, as part of the broader social cultural context that is embedded in patriarchal and gender ideologies, the Sunday Times does not merely reflect but actively and effectively constructs the reality it claims to be representing.

AMOR, T. M. A. Characterizing and modeling visual persistence, search strategies and fixation times. 2017. 114 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Pós-Graduação em Física (posgrad@fisica.ufc.br) on 2017-04-05T18:55:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 11 TESE - TATIANA MARIA ALONSO AMOR.pdf: 24328367 bytes, checksum: bd1f8abe088f435a872eae56fc9eede0 (MD5) / Rejected by Giordana Silva (giordana.nascimento@gmail.com), reason: Boa tarde Ana cleide, Fiz algumas alterações. Só não consegui deletar o arquivo anexado a fim de renomeá-lo. Isto porque o arquivo,conforme as orientações daquele guia, deverá ter a seguimte nomenclatura: 2017_tese_tmaamor O co-orientador é aquele que está no registro? Pergunto isso porque procurei o nome no trabalho e não localizei. Estou concluindo o manual e já lhe envio. on 2017-04-05T19:39:41Z (GMT) / Submitted by Pós-Graduação em Física (posgrad@fisica.ufc.br) on 2017-04-07T16:49:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 11 TESE - TATIANA MARIA ALONSO AMOR.pdf: 24328367 bytes, checksum: bd1f8abe088f435a872eae56fc9eede0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Giordana Silva (giordana.nascimento@gmail.com) on 2017-04-07T18:13:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 11 TESE - TATIANA MARIA ALONSO AMOR.pdf: 24328367 bytes, checksum: bd1f8abe088f435a872eae56fc9eede0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-07T18:13:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11 TESE - TATIANA MARIA ALONSO AMOR.pdf: 24328367 bytes, checksum: bd1f8abe088f435a872eae56fc9eede0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / To gather information from the world around us, we move our eyes constantly. In different occasions we find ourselves performing visual searches, such as trying to find someone in a crowd or a book in a shelf. While searching, our eyes “jump” from one location to another giving rise to a wide repertoire of patterns, exhibiting distinctive persistent behaviors. Initially, by focusing on saccadic directions and intersaccadic angles, we disclose that the probability distributions of these measures show a clear preference of participants towards a reading-like mechanism (geometrical persistence), whose features and potential advantages for searching/foraging are discussed.We then perform a Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) over the time series of jump magnitudes in the eye trajectory and find that it exhibits a typical multifractal behavior arising from the sequential combination of saccades and fixations. By inspecting the time series composed of only fixational movements, our results reveal instead a monofractal behavior with a Hurst exponent H ∼ 0.7, which indicates the presence of long-range power-law positive correlations (statistical persistence). Motivated by the experimental findings from the study of the distribution of the intersaccadic angles, we developed a simple visual search model that quantifies the wide variety of possible search strategies. From our experiments we know that when searching a target within an image our brain can adopt different strategies. The question then is which one does it choose? We present a simple two-parameter visual search model (VSM) based on a persistent random walk and the experimental inter-saccadic angle distribution. The model captures the basic observed visual search strategies that range from systematic or reading-like to completely random. We compare the results of the model to the experimental data by measuring the space-filling efficiency of the searches. Within the parameter space of the model, we are able to quantify the strategies used by different individuals for three searching tasks and show how the average search strategy changes along these three groups. Even though participants tend to explore a vast range of parameters, when all the items are placed on a regular lattice, participants are more likely to perform a systematic search, whereas in a more complex field, the search trajectories resemble a random walk. In this way we can discern with high sensitivity the relation between the visual landscape and the average strategy, disclosing how small variations in the image induce strategy changes. Finally, we move beyond visual search and study the fixation time distributions across different visual tasks. Fixation times are commonly associated to some cognitive process, as it is in this instances where most of the visual information is gathered. However, the distribution for the fixation durations exhibits certain similarities across a wide range of visual tasks and foveated species. We studied how similar these distributions are, and found that, even though they share some common properties, such as similar mean values, most of them are statistically different. Because fixations durations can be controlled by two different mechanisms: cognitive or ocular, we focus our research into finding a model for the fixation times distribution flexible enough to capture the observed behaviors in experiments that tested these concepts. At the same time, the candidate function to model the distribution needs to be the response of some very robust inner mechanism found in all the aforementioned scenarios. Hence, we discuss the idea of a model based on the microsacaddic inter event time statistics, resulting in the sum of Gamma distributions, each of these related to the presence of a distinctive number of microsaccades in a fixation. / To gather information from the world around us, we move our eyes constantly. In different occasions we find ourselves performing visual searches, such as trying to find someone in a crowd or a book in a shelf. While searching, our eyes “jump” from one location to another giving rise to a wide repertoire of patterns, exhibiting distinctive persistent behaviors. Initially, by focusing on saccadic directions and intersaccadic angles, we disclose that the probability distributions of these measures show a clear preference of participants towards a reading-like mechanism (geometrical persistence), whose features and potential advantages for searching/foraging are discussed.We then perform a Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) over the time series of jump magnitudes in the eye trajectory and find that it exhibits a typical multifractal behavior arising from the sequential combination of saccades and fixations. By inspecting the time series composed of only fixational movements, our results reveal instead a monofractal behavior with a Hurst exponent H ∼ 0.7, which indicates the presence of long-range power-law positive correlations (statistical persistence). Motivated by the experimental findings from the study of the distribution of the intersaccadic angles, we developed a simple visual search model that quantifies the wide variety of possible search strategies. From our experiments we know that when searching a target within an image our brain can adopt different strategies. The question then is which one does it choose? We present a simple two-parameter visual search model (VSM) based on a persistent random walk and the experimental inter-saccadic angle distribution. The model captures the basic observed visual search strategies that range from systematic or reading-like to completely random. We compare the results of the model to the experimental data by measuring the space-filling efficiency of the searches. Within the parameter space of the model, we are able to quantify the strategies used by different individuals for three searching tasks and show how the average search strategy changes along these three groups. Even though participants tend to explore a vast range of parameters, when all the items are placed on a regular lattice, participants are more likely to perform a systematic search, whereas in a more complex field, the search trajectories resemble a random walk. In this way we can discern with high sensitivity the relation between the visual landscape and the average strategy, disclosing how small variations in the image induce strategy changes. Finally, we move beyond visual search and study the fixation time distributions across different visual tasks. Fixation times are commonly associated to some cognitive process, as it is in this instances where most of the visual information is gathered. However, the distribution for the fixation durations exhibits certain similarities across a wide range of visual tasks and foveated species. We studied how similar these distributions are, and found that, even though they share some common properties, such as similar mean values, most of them are statistically different. Because fixations durations can be controlled by two different mechanisms: cognitive or ocular, we focus our research into finding a model for the fixation times distribution flexible enough to capture the observed behaviors in experiments that tested these concepts. At the same time, the candidate function to model the distribution needs to be the response of some very robust inner mechanism found in all the aforementioned scenarios. Hence, we discuss the idea of a model based on the microsacaddic inter event time statistics, resulting in the sum of Gamma distributions, each of these related to the presence of a distinctive number of microsaccades in a fixation.

Submitted by Aline Santiago da Silva Santos (aline.santos@fgv.br) on 2010-05-17T18:39:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CPDOC2010RenatoLannaFernandez.pdf: 6432291 bytes, checksum: 21ba1a50f5971ef250587ee48960f4be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suemi Higuchi(suemi.higuchi@fgv.br) on 2010-05-17T20:12:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CPDOC2010RenatoLannaFernandez.pdf: 6432291 bytes, checksum: 21ba1a50f5971ef250587ee48960f4be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-05-18T12:40:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPDOC2010RenatoLannaFernandez.pdf: 6432291 bytes, checksum: 21ba1a50f5971ef250587ee48960f4be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-29 / The purpose of this dissertation is to explain the formation of the identity of Fluminense F.C. as a club marked by elitism, which is grounded on distinction and refinement. An attempt was made to analyze the history of this club during the earliest years of the soccer development in Rio de Janeiro city, and its relation with other clubs. Several peculiar aspects of its history that were essential for the construction of the image of the club are also discussed. As theoretical basis, this dissertation shows Bourdieu’s ideas about distinction and Hobsbawm & Ranger’s ideas about invention of traditions. These ideas are necessary in order to demonstrate how writers as Mario Filho and Paulo Coelho Netto were responsible for the construction of a series of symbolic values and traditions, which associated the 'Fluminense' club with a space of distinction and refinement that perpetuated historically. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo levantar explicações sobre a formação da identidade do Fluminense F. C. como clube que tem como marca principal a elitização calcada na distinção e no refinamento. Pretendemos analisar a história do clube durante os anos iniciais do desenvolvimento do futebol na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e sua relação com as outras agremiações futebolísticas, levantando aspectos peculiares de sua história que foram fundamentais na construção dessa imagem. Tendo como pressupostos teóricos os trabalhos de Bourdieu sobre a distinção e de Hobsbawm e Ranger sobre a invenção das tradições, procuramos demonstrar como escritores como Mario Filho e Paulo Coelho Netto foram responsáveis pela consolidação de uma série de valores simbólicos e tradições que associaram o Fluminense a um espaço de distinção e refinamento que se perpetuou historicamente.

BALTAZAR, H. I. Métricas críticas do funcional volume e não-existência de múltiplos buracos negros em espaço-tempo estático. 2017. 67 f. Tese (Doutorado em Matemática) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Andrea Dantas (pgmat@mat.ufc.br) on 2017-07-12T19:24:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_tese_hibaltazar.pdf: 449308 bytes, checksum: a4275b6fceeb5cb76fe217e956f933cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2017-07-13T12:17:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_tese_hibaltazar.pdf: 449308 bytes, checksum: a4275b6fceeb5cb76fe217e956f933cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-13T12:17:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_tese_hibaltazar.pdf: 449308 bytes, checksum: a4275b6fceeb5cb76fe217e956f933cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-05 / This work is divided in two parts. In the first one we prove a Böchner type formula for critical metrics of the volume functional on compact manifolds with fixed metric on boundary (such critical metrics are called Miao-Tam critical metrics). As an application, we derive an integral formula that will be crucial to deduce a generalization of a result obtained by Miao and Tam in 2011 for the Einstein case. More precisely, we prove that a Miao-Tam critical metric with parallel Ricci curvature must be isometric to a geodesic ball in a simply connected space form Rn, Sn or Hn. Furthermore, in dimension 3, we prove that critical metrics with non-negative sectional curvature are precisely geodesic balls of R3 or S3. Moreover, we generalize a result due to Kim and Shin (2016), replacing the harmonic Weyl tensor condition by the second order divergence free Weyl tensor condition (i.e., div2W = 0), which is weaker that the former. To be precise, we shall show that a 4-dimensional Miao-Tam critical metric, with boundary isometric to a standard sphere S3 and satisfying div2W = 0 is isometric to a geodesic ball in a simply connected space form R4, S4 or H4. At the same time, we get some rigidity results for positive static triples. In the second part, we study static vacuum space-times, which can be seen as a special case of the V-static metrics for complete Riemannian manifolds with null scalar curvature. In this case, we focus our attention on four dimensions. We prove that there are no multiple black holes on static vacuum space-times with half harmonic Weyl tensor (i.e., divW+ = 0). / Esse trabalho está dividido em duas partes. A primeira delas está relacionada ao estudo de fórmulas tipo-Böchner para métricas críticas do funcional volume em variedades compactas com métrica fixada no bordo (estas são conhecidas como métricas críticas de Miao-Tam). Como aplicação, estabeleceremos uma fórmula integral que permitirá generalizar o resultado obtido por Miao e Tam em 2011 para o caso Einstein, mais precisamente, provaremos que métricas críticas de Miao-Tam com curvatura de Ricci paralelo são isométricas às bolas geodésicas em um espaço forma simplesmente conexo Rn, Sn ou Hn. Se nos restringirmos às variedades com dimensão 3, veremos que tais estruturas se mostram ainda mais rígidas, a saber, provaremos que métricas críticas com curvatura seccional não-negativa são precisamente as bolas geodésicas de R3 ou S3. Além disso, generalizamos o resultado obtido por Kim e Shin (2016) substituindo condição de harmonicidade do tensor de Weyl pela hipótese que o tensor de Weyl tem divergente de segunda ordem nulo (i.e., div2W = 0). Mais precisamente, mostraremos que métricas críticas de Miao-Tam em dimensão 4, com bordo isométrico a esfera S3 e satisfazendo div2W = 0, são isométricas às bolas geodésicas em um espaço forma simplesmente conexo R4, S4 ou H4. Concomitantemente, obtemos resultados de rigidez para triplas estáticas positivas. Na segunda parte do trabalho, estudaremos o espaço-tempo estático no vácuo, o qual pode ser visto como um caso especial das mátricas V-estáticas para variedades completas com curvatura escalar nula. Neste caso, restringiremos nosso estudo a quarta dimensão e provaremos que não existem múltiplos buracos negros em um espaço-tempo estático no vácuo com a parte autodual do tensor de Weyl harmônico (i.e., divW+ = 0).

As pastagens naturais são a base alimentar para grande parte da pecuária de corte no Rio Grande do Sul, ainda que este ambiente seja susceptível a variações climáticas estacionais que afetam o crescimento da vegetação, quais sejam as baixas temperaturas de inverno e deficiência hídrica no verão. A fim de minimizar os efeitos deletérios proporcionados à vegetação por períodos climáticos desfavoráveis, a presente dissertação tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito de duas estratégias de diferimento na produção animal e vegetal de uma pastagem natural da região fisiográfica da Campanha. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Embrapa Pecuária Sul, localizada no município Bagé, onde foram avaliados duas épocas de diferimento: primavera (DP) e verão-outono (DVO) e um tratamento testemunha sem diferimento (SD), durante dois anos. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo (ano) e três repetições de área por tratamento. Foram utilizados novilhos da raça Braford em lotação continua com carga variável de forma a manter uma oferta média de forragem de 10 kg MS/100 kg de peso corporal/dia. A taxa média de acúmulo de pasto e a produção liquida de forragem foi semelhante entre tratamentos, com médias de 14,7 kg MS/ha/dia e 4648 kg MS/ha/ano, respectivamente. Já a massa média de forragem foi 27% superior nos tratamentos com diferimento. Com relação à produção animal, o primeiro ano permitiu taxa de lotação média 14% superior ao segundo ano e, na média dos anos o diferimento de primavera foi 21% superior aos demais. O ganho médio diário e a produção animal por área apresentou interação entre ano de avaliação e tratamento, sendo observado maiores GMD no primeiro e segundo ano para SD e DVO, com média de 0,321 e 0,340 kg, respectivamente. De uma forma geral o que explica essa interação é a diferença no número de dias que os animais permaneceram pastoreando cada tratamento e a estrutura da pastagem pós período de diferimento. As estratégias de diferimento não apresentaram superioridade na produção de pasto frente ao tratamento testemunha devido a ocorrência de condições climáticas anormalmente favoráveis nos anos avaliados. Ainda assim, o diferimento de primavera no primeiro ano e de verão-outono no segundo ano, apresentaram desempenho semelhante ao tratamento sem diferimento, mesmo estes apresentando um período de pastoreio consideravelmente menor. / The natural pastures are the main food resource for most portion of the beef cattle in Rio Grande do Sul, even though, this environment to be susceptible to seasonal climatic variations that affect vegetation growth, namely the low winter temperatures and water stress in summer. In order to minimize the deleterious effects provided for vegetation by unfavorable climatic periods, this thesis aims to evaluate the effect of two deferral strategies in animal and plant production of natural pasture in the Campanha physiographic region. The study was conducted in Embrapa South Livestock located natural in the municipality Bagé, where were evaluated two deferral periods: spring and summer-autumn, and a control treatment without deferral, during two years of treatment application. The design was completely randomized with repeated measurements over time (year) and three replications per treatment. Braford steers were used in continuous stocking with variable load in order to maintain an average forage allowance of 10 kg DM/100 kg Life Weight per day. The accumulation forage average rate and the net forage production was similar between treatments, with averages of 14.7 kg DM/ha/day and 4648 kg DM/ha/year, respectively. The average forage mass was 27% higher in treatments with deferral. Regarding to animal production, the first year had an average stocking rate 14% higher than the second year and the average of the years the spring deferral was 21% superior to the others. The average daily gain and animal production by area showed interaction between year of assessment and treatment, being observed greater average daily gain in the first and second year for without deferral and summer-autumn deferral, averaging 0.321 and 0.340 kg, respectively. In general way which explains that interaction is the difference in the number of days that animals were grazing each treatment and the structure of pasture at post deferral period. The deferral strategies did not show superiority in the production of pasture in front of the control treatment due to non-occurrence of normal adverse weather conditions in the evaluated years. Still, the spring deferral in the first year and the summerautumn deferral in the second year showed similar performance to treatment without deferral, even these having considerably less grazing period.

Text in English / This thesis is an attempt to investigate how local churches (re)define their international orientation in response to the shockwaves of globalisation and their interpretation of the signs of the times. The analysis is guided by the key dimensions of interdependence, responsibility, and partnership. The local church is expected to have reached an increasing awareness of interdependence in her international relationships by the emergence of the postmodern systemic paradigm as never before in the history of the ecumenical movement. Consequently, this results in a sense of responsibility developing directly from a prophetic reading and an interpretation of the signs of the times as well as in a receptivity to be fertilised by international impulses. The local church is perceived by both individual Christians and pastors as direct platform for international responsibility. The wounds of the world, the needy and the suffering are suggested as inviting primary responses of local churches in the North. International church partnerships are investigated as practical attempts to live out interdependent relationships, to translate the sense of responsibility into action, and to receive fertilisation from the partner churches. Qualitative case studies from Reformed, United (Lutheran/Reformed) and Free churches present a status analysis of churches regarding the points under discussion. The tendency is observed that pastors inc~easingly look for ways alternative to the old ecumenical structures, which are characterised by rich/poor and donor/recipient relationships, thus operating their churches with free initiative and association. Studies regularly narrow down topics to interdependence, postmodernism, development, development politics, church development services, international partnerships, ecumenical learning, etc. Often recommendations for action are made based on the one single area of research presented. In this study, however, it is argued that pastors and churches do not derive their decisions and programmes from considerations of one single area, but they consider all these areas together. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

VASCONCELOS, Artur Alves de. Identidade futebolística: os torcedores "Mistos" do Nordeste. 2011. 90f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2011. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-24T17:19:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011-DIS-AAVASCONCELOS.pdf: 10014117 bytes, checksum: 685d2909bad3d209fdf35c486fc40ac3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-24T17:35:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011-DIS-AAVASCONCELOS.pdf: 10014117 bytes, checksum: 685d2909bad3d209fdf35c486fc40ac3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-24T17:35:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011-DIS-AAVASCONCELOS.pdf: 10014117 bytes, checksum: 685d2909bad3d209fdf35c486fc40ac3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / There is a profile of soccer fans which usually supports a team from its state and another club, based in a different region. This kind of fan is pejoratively called “misto” (mixed). This appellation was created by fans who disagree with this way of cheering. The fan called “misto” exists in all the Brazilian states. Because of this, since 2008 some groups of fans, non “mistos”, started to organize sashes, shirts, videos and virtual communities to show their point of view and encourage the “mistos” to support only a team from its state. This mobilization, known “anti-misto”, started in Northeast. One of its most popular watchwords is “A vergonha do Nordeste” (The shame of Northeast). This report aims to understand some of the social, historic and subjective situations that stimulated the advent of the fans called “misto”, analysing the Northeast case. Analysing Brazilian soccer as a field (Bourdieu), it could find some teams that holds the main types of capital and are more actives in the institutions. They are dominants. These teams belong to Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The clubs from Northeast and other regions are dominated. The dominants are very attractive for the fans, who also found in the choice for a soccer team a way to conquest recognition and distinction. The main TV networks in Brazil are based in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Using their net of affiliated TVs across the country, they give daily to soccer fans from every regions a lot of information about the teams from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, including live transmit from their participation in national and international competitions. This constant presence in media makes these teams symbolically close to the routine of the Northeast fan, although geographically distant. Because of this proximity, the “misto” doesn’t see that teams as clubs which belong to other people (an “anti-misto” recurrent argument), but as something to which he could belong. / Existe um perfil de torcedor de futebol que tem como prática torcer por um time de seu estado e por outro, sediado em uma região diferente. Ele é pejorativamente chamado de “torcedor misto”. Essa alcunha foi criada por torcedores que não concordavam com esse modo de se torcer. O perfil de torcedor “misto” existe em praticamente todos os estados do Brasil. Essa realidade fez com que, desde 2008, alguns grupos de torcedores, contrários àquele modo de se torcer, organizassem faixas, camisetas, vídeos e comunidades virtuais para mostrar seu ponto de vista e estimular os “mistos” a torcerem somente por um time de seu estado. Esse movimento, conhecido como “anti-mistos”, teve início na região nordestina, tendo como uma de suas sentenças de maior repercussão aquela que classifica os “mistos” como “A vergonha do Nordeste”. Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender algumas das situações sociais, históricas e subjetivas que estimulam o advento deste perfil de torcedor, tomando como recorte a Região Nordeste. Analisando o futebol brasileiro como um campo (Bourdieu), constatou-se que os times que detém os principais tipos de capital e são mais ativos nas instituições desse campo - sendo dominantes - são clubes de Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Os clubes nordestinos e das demais regiões ocupam a condição de dominados. Essas situações tornam os clubes dominantes bastante atraentes ao fã do esporte, que também vê na escolha do time uma forma de conseguir reconhecimento e distinção. As principais emissoras de TV do país são sediadas nos estados de Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Através de sua rede de afiliadas pelo território nacional, diariamente levavam aos fãs de futebol por todo país considerável quantidade de informações sobre os clubes daqueles estados, incluindo transmissões ao vivo de suas participações em torneios brasileiros e internacionais. Essa presença constante na mídia ajuda esses clubes a se tornarem simbolicamente muito próximos do dia a dia do torcedor nordestino, mesmo que geograficamente distantes. Essa proximidade contribui para que esse torcedor não interprete aqueles clubes como algo que “pertence aos outros” (argumento recorrente entre os “anti-mistos”), mas sim alguma coisa da qual ele também pode fazer parte.