An economic literature concerns instruments to improve the preference elicitation methods for the reform-based governmental programs. We construct an instrument for the budget allocation method using a Cobb-Douglas functional form. We apply the instrument to the survey data which is collected for Swedish Recreational Fishing Industry to elicit the preferences for governmental management actions. We analyze the elasticity or weights in the instrument by the binary logit and censored regression models and by comparing the significant estimates by the gross and net effects we get results which increase credence to the instrument we apply. / I am heartily thankful to my supervisor, Thomas Laitila, whose guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop the thesis.More, I offer my regards to Anders Lunander who supported me in any respect during the completion of the thesis.

The desire is infinite, but the resources are limited. The relationship between fiscal decentralization and long-run economic growth is ambiguous. Several economists have made the case for fiscal decentralization as a means of promoting long-run economic growth based on the view that it leads to better resource allocation and a more productive, and possibly smaller, public sector. Countries have pursued decentralization policies both for political and developmental reasons. Fiscal decentralization, the allocation of tax and spending powers to lower levels of government, currently in vogue is based on notions of economic efficiency criteria. Although it is theoretically expected that decentralization leads to efficient provision of local public services and stimulates economic development, the theoretical underpinnings for this relationship remain largely undeveloped. The absence of an adequate theoretical framework has undermined the validity of the empirical work on this subject. Advocates of fiscal decentralization argue that among other benefits, it can increase the efficiency of delivery of government services. We use data from 23 counties (cities) of the Taiwan province. The empirical findings can be stated as follows. The primary finding is that the estimated coefficient on fiscal decentralization variable is positive and statistically significant . This finding provides evidence that fiscal decentralization contributes to economic growth. This paper is also one of the first to evaluate this claim empirically by looking at the association between expenditure decentralization and the efficiency of local government .We also provide evidence that expenditure (revenue) decentralization is a negative (positive) relation with the efficiency of local government. Further Tobit panel regression of 23 counties (cities) provide robust evidence that more decentralization is not associated with higher efficiency of local governments. Therefore that fiscal decentralization contributes to the efficiency of local governments is ambiguous in the previous period.

Two experimental procedures are employed to value both health and environmental benefits from reducing pesticides in Uganda. The first experiment, an incentive compatible auction involves subjects with incomplete information placing bids to avoid consuming potentially contaminated groundnuts/water in a framed field experimental procedure. Three experimental treatments (information, proxy good, and group treatments) are used. Subjects are endowed with a monetary amount (starting capital) equivalent to half the country's per capita daily income (in small denominations). Two hundred and fifty seven respondents were involved in a total of 35 experimental sessions in Kampala and Iganga districts. Tobit model results indicate that subjects place significant positive values to avoid ill health outcomes, although these values vary by region, by treatment and by socio-economic characteristics. Gender differences were important in explaining bidding behavior, with male respondents in both study areas bidding higher to avoid ill health outcomes than females. Consistent with a priori expectation, rural population's average willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid ill health outcomes was lower (by 11.4 percent) than the urban population's WTP possibly reflecting the poverty level in the rural areas and how it translates into reduced regard for health and environmental improvements. Tests of hypotheses suggest (i) providing brief information to subjects just prior to the valuation exercise does not influence bid behavior, (ii) subjects are indifferent to the source of contamination: WTP to avoid health outcomes from potentially contaminated water and groundnuts are not significantly different, and (iii) the classical tendency to free-ride in public goods provision was observed, and this phenomenon was more pronounced in the urban than the rural area. The second experimental procedure involved 132 urban respondents making repeated choices from a set of scenarios described by attributes of water quality, an environmental good. Water quality is represented by profiles of water safety levels at varying costs. Analysis using the conditional (fixed effects) logit showed that urban subjects highly discount unsafe drinking water, and were willing to pay less for safe agricultural water, a result not unexpected considering that the urban population is not directly involved in agricultural activities and thus does not value agricultural water quality as much as drinking water quality. Results also showed that subjects' utility increased with the cost of a water sample (inconsistent with a downward sloping demand curve), suggesting perhaps that they perceived higher costs to be associated with higher water quality. Some theoretically inconsistent results were obtained with choice experiments. / Ph. D.

台灣的經濟型態屬於海島型經濟，受限於地域狹小、天然資源匱乏，在要素或產品市場都相當依賴對外投資。自1980年代起，由於國內產業環境惡化，企業為尋求低廉生產成本，維持競爭優勢，形成一股海外投資潮。1990年後，中國大陸的改革及對外開放經濟的政策，更促使台商的投資大批湧向中國大陸。2006年台商對中國大陸投資占整體海外投資比重高達63.91%，顯示海外投資高度集中於中國大陸。在廠商追求最大利潤目的下，產能外移後自有將其產品回銷台灣，搶占市場之獲利誘因。回銷可能取代國內生產，使製造業產值及就業人口減少，甚至削減貿易順差效果。而加入WTO後，政府逐步開放中國大陸商品進口，更使回銷比率大幅提升。政府應對影響廠商回銷因子有所認知並進行政策檢討，避免對相關產業造成重大不良影響。因此，本文的研究目的在於以2004至2006年經濟部統計處「製造業對外投資實況調查」中，最主要投資地區為中國大陸之製造業廠商之追蹤資料，搭配Tobit模型的估計研究，探討以下問題：一、瞭解台商對中國大陸投資概況、台灣對中國大陸產品開放進口概況及2003至2005年大陸投資台商回銷比率變化狀況；二、探究影響廠商回銷台灣金額比率之因素；三、對產品回銷所衍生問題及提昇國內產業競爭力相關議題，提供具體的政策建議。 本文研究主要發現，廠商次要投資地區不論為歐美或東南亞地區對回銷比率均無顯著影響。廠商特性中研發密集度、廠商海外事業規模、開始投資中國大陸時間對回銷比率均無顯著影響；國際化程度及廠商國內事業規模均對回銷比率呈顯著負向影響。投資動機中當地市場發展潛力大、配合國外客戶要求或隨台灣客戶赴當地投資對回銷比率呈顯著負向影響；原料供應方便，價格便宜或利用當地價廉充沛勞工對回銷比率呈顯著正向影響；當地土地取得容易則對回銷比率無顯著影響。水平分工中，產品不同，但台灣生產的附加價值高，對回銷比率呈顯著正向影響；產品相同，但台灣產品較高級以及產品種類及品質完全相同均對回銷比率影響不顯著。垂直分工關係中，台灣生產零組件與半成品，海外事業裝配及生產成品，以及海外事業生產零組件與半成品，台灣裝配及生產成品，對回銷比率均具有顯著正向影響，且後者之係數估計值高於前者。中國大陸投資事業之行銷方式由台灣母公司負責行銷，對回銷比率有顯著正向影響關係。對外投資之23個行業中，有16個行業之回銷比率，相對於食品及飲料製造業顯著為高，其中係數值前五大為精密器械業、電子零組件業、家具及裝設品業、運輸工具製造修配業與電腦通信及視聽電子產品業，顯示這些產業之回銷比率相較於其他產業為高。最後，由時間虛擬變數估計結果發現，相對於2003年，2004年回銷比率並無顯著地高於2003年，但2005年回銷比率顯著地高於2003年。 / Taiwan economy is an inland-style economy, curbed by limited land and lack of natural resource; Taiwan’s factor and product market depend heavily on investment to foreign countries. Starting from the 1980s, due to the deterioration of domestic industry environment, enterprises were searching for lower production costs to maintain competitive advantages; a trend of overseas investment hence formed. After 1990, Mainland China’s reforms and open economic policy have led to a huge inflow of Taiwanese investment into Mainland China. In 2006, Taiwan businesses’ investment in Mainland China is as high as 63.91% of Taiwan’s total overseas investment signaling high concentration of Taiwan overseas investment in Mainland China. Under the objective of maximizing profit, the enterprises have incentives to reverse import their products back to Taiwan for grabbing market share after moving their production capacity overseas. The reverse import could replace domestic production and lead to reduction in manufacturing output value and employment, even reduce the trade surplus effect. After join WTO, the government has gradually opened the market for products from Mainland China which leads to a sharp increase in the reverse import ratio. The government should understand the factors affecting enterprises’ decision on reverse import products back to Taiwan and carry out policy reviews to avoid creating significantly negative impacts on related industries. Accordingly, the research of this thesis aims to use the panel data of manufacturing firms who are primarily investing in China from the “Survey of Current Condition on Manufacturing Industry Overseas Investment” compiled by Department of Statistics of Ministry of Economic Affairs between 2004 and 2006 and combine with Tobit model to conduct an estimation research and probe into the following issues: 1. Understand the general condition of Taiwanese business’ investment in China, the general condition of Taiwan’s progress in opening up market for products from Mainland China and the variation of reverse import ratios of Taiwanese business investing in Mainland China between 2003 and 2005; 2. Probe into the factors affecting the reverse import ratio; 3. Offer concrete policy suggestions for problems generated from product reverse import from China to Taiwan and the related issues of enhancing competitive capability of domestic industries. The major finding of this study is that the secondary investment area has no significantly impact to reverse import ratio no matter the area is Europe, America or Southeast Asia. And if analyzing within enterprise characteristics, R&D concentration, foreign business scale and the time started to invest in Mainland China all have no significantly impact to reverse import ratio; the degree of internationalization and the enterprises’ scale in domestic have significantly negative impact to reverse import ratio. Within investment motives, local market development potential, cooperation with foreign customers’ request or the following of the footstep of their Taiwanese customers have significantly negative impact to reverse import ratio; convenient material supply, cheap input prices or the utilization of local cheap and abundant labor has significantly positive impact to reverse import ratio; the ease of obtaining land has no significantly impact to reverse import ratio. Looking into horizontal integration characteristics, for different type of products, the higher value added if produced in Taiwan has significantly positive impact to reverse import ratio; for same type of products but Taiwan products have higher grade and same quality products, they all have no significantly impact to reverse import ratio. Within the vertical integration relationship, if Taiwan companies make components and semi finished products and their overseas divisions are in charge of assembly and making finished products or the reverse situation all have significantly positive impact to reverse import ratio, and the later situation has higher estimated coefficient value than the former situation. If the parent company in Taiwan is taking charge of the marketing and sell of its invested business in Mainland China, the situation has significantly positive impact to reverse import ratio. Within the 23 industries which invested abroad, compared with food & beverage manufacturing industry, 16 industries have significantly higher reverse import ratios, and the industries which have the top 5 coefficient value are precision equipment, electronic parts & components, furniture & fixture, transportation tool manufacturing & repairing and Computer, Communication, Video & Radio electronic product industries; in other words, these five industries have higher reverse import ratios compared with other industries. Finally, from estimation results on time dummy variable, the study found that the reverse import ratio of 2004 is not significantly higher than that of 2003, however, the reverse import ratio of 2005 is significantly higher than that of 2003.

nÃo hà / A Lei da TransparÃncia provà o acesso Ãs finanÃas pÃblicas. Contudo, comparando o regulado pela Lei e o que se efetiva, desse trade off, desenvolveu-se a investigaÃÃo. Este estudo, utilizando da base de dados do sistema de informaÃÃes municipais do estado do Cearà e dos critÃrios do Manual do SIM estabelecidos pelo TCM-CE acerca das despesas municipais, verificou uma falha da transparÃncia pÃblica municipal, a omissÃo na identificaÃÃo do NÃmero do Processo Administrativo para AquisiÃÃo de Bens e ServiÃos. Para o comportamento dessa falha, denominada de percentual de omissÃes no SIM, a hipÃtese da investigaÃÃo considerou um alto valor para essa ocorrÃncia, e a tentativa de elucidar os fatores por trÃs disso. Essa omissÃo foi abordada pelo modelo Tobit de dados censurados, segundo Tobin (1958). Diante da amostra, nas unidades gestoras selecionadas dos 184 municÃpios do estado do Cearà no perÃodo de 2008 a 2014, investigaram-se estatÃsticas descritivas e explicativas sobre a variÃvel dependente. O modelo confirmou o alto valor, o percentual de omissÃes no SIM apresentou uma mÃdia de 58% e mediana 77%, avaliou-se, entÃo, a influÃncia de variÃveis nesse percentual. Da influÃncia das variÃveis, polÃticas, econÃmicas e educacionais, a da polÃtica foi determinante. O resultado da variÃvel, dummies partidÃrias, apresentou ainda, um fator de aprendizagem. Em relaÃÃo Ãs demais, escolaridade e IDM, apresentaram sinais esperados, quanto maiores, hà menor reincidÃncia de erros. Em conjunto, estas evidÃncias sugerem aos gestores pÃblicos esforÃos para evitar as omissÃes no sistema de dados SIM e assim atender a Lei da TransparÃncia. / The Freedom of Information Act provides access to public finances. However, comparing regulated by law and what is effective, this trade off, research has developed. This study, using of municipal information system database of Cearà and SIMâs Manual criteria established by the TCM-CE about the Ceara State Expenditures by Counties, found a failure of government public transparency, the omission in the Case Number Identification Administrative for Goods and Services Procurement. To the behavior of this failure, called omissions percentage of the SIM, the hypothesis of the research considered a high value for this occurrence, and the attempt to elucidate the factors behind it. This omission has been addressed by the Tobit model of censored data, according to Tobin (1958). Given the sample, the selected management units of the 184 counties in the State of Ceara in the 2008-2014 periods, we investigated descriptive and explanatory statistics on the dependent variable. The model confirmed the high value, the percentage of omissions on the SIM averaged 58% and median 77%, it was evaluated, then the influence of variables in this percentage. The influence of the variables, political, economic and educational, the policy was decisive. The result of the variable, party dummies, presented also a factor of learning. For the other, education and IDM, had expected signs, the larger, there is less recidivism errors. Together, this evidence suggests to managers efforts to avoid omissions in the SIM data system and thus meet The Freedom of Information Act.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-11T18:00:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 raquelcoelhoreis.pdf: 1431099 bytes, checksum: ddaa9cad218cf8c07ed0fb203e770ac4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T15:21:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 raquelcoelhoreis.pdf: 1431099 bytes, checksum: ddaa9cad218cf8c07ed0fb203e770ac4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T15:21:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 raquelcoelhoreis.pdf: 1431099 bytes, checksum: ddaa9cad218cf8c07ed0fb203e770ac4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / O estudo tem como objetivo investigar os determinantes regionais e estruturais da ocorrência de ligações entre regiões nas redes sociais de colaborações no Brasil. Para isto, utiliza-se de dados de copatenteamento das produções tecnológicas, realizadas tanto por inventores brasileiros como destes em parceria com estrangeiros. Como possíveis determinantes das ligações nas redes de copatenteamento regional consideram-se tanto os aspectos econômicos, tecnológicos e de densidade demográfica das regiões quanto as próprias estruturas de topologia dos nós nas redes. Os dados para a pesquisa são fornecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI), Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Sendo assim, foi possível a construção de uma base de dados longitudinal para o período de 2001-2011 com abrangência geográfica mais desagregada de REGIC imediata, e investigação por meio de técnicas econométricas de dados em painel. A fim de atingir o objetivo proposto identificam-se duas redes no Brasil: rede inter-regional e internacional. Portanto, para ambas as redes aplicam-se duas abordagens. Primeiramente, utiliza-se um modelo voltado para dados truncados, Tobit, cuja variável dependente é dada pela razão entre o número de ligações e o total de patentes geradas pela região. E posteriormente, aplica-se um modelo para dados de contagem, Binomial Negativo Inflado em Zeros (ZINB), que considera o número absoluto de ligações de cada região nas redes. Como principais resultados evidencia-se que as ligações dos nós (regiões) são mais impactadas por aspectos da infraestrutura local, como nível de P&D, e por sua estrutura de posição na rede. No entanto, outras características locais e estruturais também merecem ser destacadas como a participação econômica das regiões, assim como os níveis de participação da indústria. / The study aims to investigate the regional and structural determinants of the links among regions in social networks of collaboration in Brazil. For this, we use patent database that possess information on Brazilian inventors’ residence address and on the nationality of all inventors responsible for the patent application in Brazilian Patent Office. We investigate which are the main regional determinants of the links in the Brazilian co-patenting networks taking into account variables that capture economic, technological and demographic density aspects of Brazilian regions, as well as the topology structures of the nodes in the networks. The database is provided by the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), the Annual Social Information Relation (RAIS), the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We consider a longitudinal database for the period 2001-2011 and apply panel data techniques in spatial unit of analysis corresponding to the Intermediate Areas of Urban Connectivity, according to the concept of Regions of Influence of Brazilian Cities (REGICs). Two types of networks are considered in Brazil: the inter-regional and the international ones. Therefore, for both types of networks two approaches are applied: 1) a truncated data model is used, i.e. Tobit, whose dependent variable is given by the ratio of the number of links to the number of patents generated by the region; and 2) a Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model is used, which considers the absolute number of inter-regional links among inventors in a certain region. The main results show that node (region) connections are more affected by aspects of local infrastructure, such as R&D level, and their position in the network. However, other local and structural characteristics also deserve to be highlighted as the economic participation of regions, as well as levels of capital goods imports and industry participation.

近年來台灣筆記型電腦產業，在廠商延續過去多年的擴張競爭力下，在產值與產量上皆有大幅度的成長。但也由於低價風潮的盛行與全球景氣蕭條，使得該產業的獲利大不如從前；加重了國內廠商經營的困境與競爭程度，此時惟有掌握經營績效之廠商才可維持競爭優勢；以因應高度的競爭環境。在此同時，南韓已從金融風暴的創傷下逐漸走出；並挾帶著全球最大TFT-LCD及DRAM的量產國，並從輕薄型機種切入市場以及加入代工訂單的爭奪戰中。而日本擁有全球頂尖的設計創新能力，筆記型電腦自製率仍偏高。因此日、韓一直是台灣的主要競爭對手。 首先藉由資料包絡分析法評估我國筆記型電腦商於2000年至2003年間的經營效率；並為彌補DEA無法做跨時期的分析，應用Malmquist生產力指數予以分析；接著用Tobit迴歸分析來探討廠商無效率的原因。得到以下的結論： (1)於這4年間的技術效率平均值呈現年年上揚的情況，且規模較大的廠商不意謂著經營績效會較好。(2)這4年間的生產力亦是逐年提昇，主要是技術變動所致。(3)在Tobit迴歸分析中，存貨週轉率、總資產週轉率與品牌對效率有正向影響；而TCRI有負向影響。 接著對台、日、韓進行比較分析，得到以下結論：(1)台、日、韓三國的經營績效，以日本最優、韓其次、台最差；但日、韓的整體效率值逐年下滑，而台灣有逐漸改善的趨勢。(2)三國於2000~2001年間生產力皆下降，這與全球景氣蕭條及九一一事件有相當的關聯；2001~2002間由於無線上網的新技術致使消費性機種熱賣，因此於該期間，生產力呈提昇現象。(3)由Tobit迴歸分析得知存貨週轉率、總資產週轉率與經營年限對效率值有正向影響。 / In the recent years, Taiwanese Notebook manufacturers last the past years, extensions to make productive values and production grow up enormously. Due to the low price trend and global business trend stagnancy, resulting to profitability be not as good as the before for this industry. It deepens to operate and complete hard for the domestic manufacturers. At the same time, only the manufacturers that seizing operating the performance will maintain completing advantage to deal with highly completing enviornment. At the same time, South Korea has already got over from the shadow of 1998 crisis; and took along the most global productive country of TFT-LCD and DRAM; going into the market of frivolous type and join a battle of OEM/ODM orders. Japan owns global excellent design and capability of innovation and self-made ratio is still high. Therefore, Japan and South Korea are constantly Taiwanese major rivals. Firstly, it estimates how Taiwan Note Book manufacturers operate in 2000 to 2003 by Data Envelopment Analysis;In order to making up DEA not undertaking time-series analysis, using Malmquist Productivity Index to analyze; utilizing Tobit regression to analyze the factors that producers operate inefficiently. It gets the following conclusions:(1) In these four years, average technical efficiency is taken on rising year by year, and large scale producers do not imply better operating efficiency. (2) In these four years, the productivity is also rised year by year. This is due to technical change. (3) In Tobit regression analysis, there is a positive influence that inventory turnover, total asset turnover and brand affect efficiency; there is a negative influence that TCRI affects efficiency. This study gets the following conclusions;(1) For Taiwanese, Japanese and South Korea’ operating performance, Japan is the excellent, South Korea is the next, Taiwan is the worst. But Japanese and South Korea’ overall efficiency is worse year by year; Taiwan operating performance is gradually improved. (2) These three countries’ productivity decline from 2000 to 2001. It is concerned with global economic recession and 911 incident. The productivity is raised from 2001 to 2002. It results from WLAN type to sell briskly. Turnover ratio of inventory and turnover ratio of total asset tighter operating years all have a positive influence on efficiency.

我國全面開放保險市場後，壽險業所面臨市場競爭更加激烈，經營風險亦隨之增加，甚至影響其經營績效。本文以資料包絡分析法（DEA）評估2002年至2004年我國人壽保險公司的經營效率，並找出相對無效率壽險公司改善空間,再以Tobit截斷迴歸模型探討可能造成壽險公司之間經營效率差異的影響因素。其中由DEA技術效率評估結果發現：(一) 壽險公司整體技術效率平均值介於50.98﹪與70.15﹪之間，代表我國壽險公司在投入資源運用與配置上仍存有改善空間，在產出不變下，平均而言，可以節省29.85%至49.02%的資源使用量。（二）純技術效率值大於規模效率平均值，顯示造成壽險公司技術無效率之來源，資源浪費及生產規模不適當所造成的情況均有，但大部分來自於前者。迴歸實證結果顯示：（一）外勤兼職人員比率與技術效率具正向關係，顯示壽險公司僱用兼職人員招攬業務，相對專職人員可減少人事成本，可提昇經營績效。（二）國外投資比例與技術效率具正向關係，即壽險公司因國外投資商品多樣化選擇，可靈活運用資金，提昇技術效率。（三）佣金率與技術效率具正向關係，代表壽險公司支付業務員佣金及津貼愈高，愈能激勵業務員積極招攬業務，增進公司業務績效，以提高技術效率。（四）逾期放款比率與技術效率為負向關係，即壽險公司逾期放款比率愈高，績營效率愈差。（五）市場占有率與技術效率為正向關係，顯示壽險公司市場占有率愈高，對市場的控制能力較佳，在產品銷售亦具有規模經濟，可提昇經營效率。（六）外內勤人員比例與技術效率為負向關係，表示外內勤人員比例愈高，壽險公司易忽略內勤行政人員在核保、理賠及客服等作業品質，將影響公司產品創新及保戶後續權益等，不利公司經營績效。

有鑑於我國與大陸方面是否應簽訂ECFA仍有許多疑慮，本研究欲就香港與大陸所簽訂之CEPA協定對香港銀行業經營效率有何影響加以探討，以便對台灣未來可能簽訂ECFA時提供台灣銀行業相關參考及對策。 本研究針對2000年至2007年的18家香港地區銀行以及30家台灣地區銀行，採用資料包絡分析(DEA)計算業者之經營效率，最後控制銀行業者本身之財務特性及總體經濟環境因素，應用Tobit迴歸比較分析實施CEPA對香港銀行業之影響及台灣與香港業者之差異。 研究結果顯示港銀行業之經營效率八年間均較台灣銀行業為佳，此外CEPA協定之採用整體而言對台灣以及香港銀行業均無顯著影響，雖然協定採用後之第三、四兩年，香港銀行業之效率顯著高於實施後之前兩年與台灣銀行業者，亦即CEPA之效益要到協議三及四之後才顯現出來。因此可知CEPA簽訂後，效益不會立即顯現，須有更多的開放例如CEPA三及四對營業額及資本額的放寬才有可能顯現直接之效益。此點應可作為台灣未來與大陸談判時應考慮之因素。 / Since Taiwan still disputes whether to sign Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, (ECFA) with mainland China or not, this research tries to analyze the efficient change of Hong Kong banking industry before and after singing Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with mainland China. And hope to gain some understandings about the effect of singing CEPA, so that to provide some strategic references for singing EFCA in the future. The research data draw from 2000 to 2007 of the 18 regional banks from Hong Kong and 30 regional banks from Taiwan. The research applies data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the operating efficiency of the banks. After controlling banks’ financial characteristics and macro economics variables, the Tobit regression denotes the following suggestions. The efficient of Hong Kong banking industry showed a better efficiency than Taiwan banking industry. After signing CEPA for two years, Hong Kong banking industry finally revealed a significant improvement than first two years as well as Taiwan’s banking industry. The results suggest that signing CEPA does not immediately increase the efficiency of the industry; the agreement might need fewer restrictions, such as fewer amounts of sales restriction and less capital restriction in CPEA III and IV, in order to boost the performance of the industry. The results should provide a good strategic consideration about the future EFCA talk for Taiwan.

En France, deux bases de données d’exposition professionnelle, COLCHIC et SCOLA, coexistent avec des objectifs différents (prévention et réglementation). Leur représentativité par rapport à la population générale est cependant inconnue, et fait l’objet de ce travail. Après avoir effectué une analyse descriptive comparative, l’étude de l’association entre les niveaux d’exposition et les éléments contextuels a été réalisée par modélisation statistique pour chaque agent, séparément pour COLCHIC et SCOLA, puis dans un jeu de données commun. La synthèse à travers les agents s’est faite par Méta analyse. COLCHIC et SCOLA contiennent respectivement 929 700 (670 agents chimiques) et 429 104 données (105). Trois forts prédicteurs « Durée de prélèvement », « Equipement de protection individuelle » et « Année » sont systématiquement associés aux niveaux dans les deux bases et 3 autres sont spécifiques à chacune d’elles. Avec des niveaux deux fois plus élevés dans COLCHIC comparés à SCOLA en 2007, leurs concentrations deviennent comparables entre 2012 et 2015. COLCHIC et SCOLA représentent une source importante d’informations. La prise en compte des descripteurs associés aux mesures et l’utilisation de méthodes prédictives permettront d’en améliorer l’interprétation / Two occupational exposure databases of occupational exposures to chemicals, COLCHIC and SCOLA, coexist in France with different objectives (prevention and compliance). Little is known about their representativeness of exposures in the general population. We explored to what extent COLCHIC and SCOLA adequately reflect occupational exposures in France. After performing a descriptive and comparative analysis, associations between exposure levels and ancillary information were explored for each agent, separately for COLCHIC and SCOLA and in a common dataset, using statistical modelling. Modelling results were synthesized across agents using Meta analysis. COLCHIC and SCOLA contain, respectively, 929 700 (670 chemicals) and 429 104 records (105). Three predictors "Sample Time", "Personal protective equipment" and "Year" are strongly associated with exposure levels across a large majority of chemicals in both databases, and 3 others are specific to each one. Exposure levels are in average twice higher in COLCHIC compared to SCOLA in 2007, but become comparable from 2012-2015. COLCHIC and SCOLA are an important source of information. Inclusion of descriptors associated with exposure levels in our study and the use of predictive methods should help to improve their interpretation.