Orientador: Maria Cecília de Oliveira Micotti / Banca: Fermino Fernandes Sisto / Banca: Flávia Medeiros Sarti / Resumo: Em nosso país, a necessidade de tornar mais eficiente o trabalho pedagógico, relativo à alfabetização, e de melhorar os desempenhos dos alunos em leitura e escrita tem desencadeado ações e medidas diversas por parte dos órgãos públicos. Muitas são as pesquisas sobre a problemática da alfabetização, sobretudo, nas universidades. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre o ensino no cotidiano em sala de aula, sobre as interações entre o professor e seus alunos no processo de alfabetização. Diante disso, o presente trabalho objetiva descrever e comparar as interações, observadas em aulas, do professor com os alunos que ele considera como os que apresentam mais dificuldades e os que apresentam mais facilidade no aprendizado da escrita. Mediante uma leitura com ênfase nos aspectos didáticos dessas interações, busca-se descrevê-las, destacando-se as manifestações do professor frente às ações dos alunos com desempenhos diversos e as das crianças frente às ações do professor. Complementam essas descrições os dados obtidos em entrevistas com os professores. Os estudos das situações que as crianças vivenciam em sala de aula e o enfoque do processo de ensino e aprendizado da escrita, apresentado pelos professores, assumem relevância, uma vez que podem contribuir para as reflexões sobre a prática docente e para a formação de professores. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram diferenças na interação que o professor estabelece com os alunos, dependendo do seu desempenho. Além disso, as práticas pedagógicas pouco contribuem para que os alunos que apresentam baixo desempenho avancem no aprendizado da escrita. / Abstract: In our country, there is an actual necessity of making effective the pedagogical work relate to literacy activities and thus to improve the achievements of students in both reading and writing. Because of this the governmental offices have implemented several actions aiming to solve that problem. There are several researches about literacy, especially in universities. However, little is known about both teaching in classroom and interactions between teacher and students at literacy process. Because of this the present study aims both to describe and compare the interaction observed in classes between teacher and those students considered by him pupils that have a bigger difficulty and those that have a smaller one to learn to write. By means of a reading with an emphasis on didactics aspects of these interactions it seeks to describe them, giving emphasis those manifestations of the teacher in front of the actions of the students with diverse achievements and those from children in front of the actions practiced by teacher. For complementing these descriptions are presented the data obtained by means of interviews with teachers. The studies of the situations that children experience in classroom and the focus at both the writing teaching and learning process, presented by teachers, are important seeing that they can contribute for reflecting about both teachers practice and formation. The research results show different types of interactions that teachers establish with students, according to their achievements. Furthermore, the pedagogical practices contribute little for that students who have poor achievements move ahead in the learning of writing. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 schuveter_mh_me_rcla.pdf: 325825 bytes, checksum: 43ec711c4c38ce125bb08c0cbeb15bec (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Em nosso país, a necessidade de tornar mais eficiente o trabalho pedagógico, relativo à alfabetização, e de melhorar os desempenhos dos alunos em leitura e escrita tem desencadeado ações e medidas diversas por parte dos órgãos públicos. Muitas são as pesquisas sobre a problemática da alfabetização, sobretudo, nas universidades. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre o ensino no cotidiano em sala de aula, sobre as interações entre o professor e seus alunos no processo de alfabetização. Diante disso, o presente trabalho objetiva descrever e comparar as interações, observadas em aulas, do professor com os alunos que ele considera como os que apresentam mais dificuldades e os que apresentam mais facilidade no aprendizado da escrita. Mediante uma leitura com ênfase nos aspectos didáticos dessas interações, busca-se descrevê-las, destacando-se as manifestações do professor frente às ações dos alunos com desempenhos diversos e as das crianças frente às ações do professor. Complementam essas descrições os dados obtidos em entrevistas com os professores. Os estudos das situações que as crianças vivenciam em sala de aula e o enfoque do processo de ensino e aprendizado da escrita, apresentado pelos professores, assumem relevância, uma vez que podem contribuir para as reflexões sobre a prática docente e para a formação de professores. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram diferenças na interação que o professor estabelece com os alunos, dependendo do seu desempenho. Além disso, as práticas pedagógicas pouco contribuem para que os alunos que apresentam baixo desempenho avancem no aprendizado da escrita. / In our country, there is an actual necessity of making effective the pedagogical work relate to literacy activities and thus to improve the achievements of students in both reading and writing. Because of this the governmental offices have implemented several actions aiming to solve that problem. There are several researches about literacy, especially in universities. However, little is known about both teaching in classroom and interactions between teacher and students at literacy process. Because of this the present study aims both to describe and compare the interaction observed in classes between teacher and those students considered by him pupils that have a bigger difficulty and those that have a smaller one to learn to write. By means of a reading with an emphasis on didactics aspects of these interactions it seeks to describe them, giving emphasis those manifestations of the teacher in front of the actions of the students with diverse achievements and those from children in front of the actions practiced by teacher. For complementing these descriptions are presented the data obtained by means of interviews with teachers. The studies of the situations that children experience in classroom and the focus at both the writing teaching and learning process, presented by teachers, are important seeing that they can contribute for reflecting about both teachers practice and formation. The research results show different types of interactions that teachers establish with students, according to their achievements. Furthermore, the pedagogical practices contribute little for that students who have poor achievements move ahead in the learning of writing.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga tobaksvanor och uppfattningen om tobakens påverkan i munhålan bland grundlärarstuderande. Material och metod: En tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ design genomfördes i form av en enkätundersökning. Enkäten delades ut till 76 grundlärarstudenter där samtliga valde att delta. Resultat: Resultatet visade att det var 13 respondenter som rökte och 4 som snusade, varav en var blandbrukare av snus och cigaretter. Debutåldern för rökning var mellan 11-20 år och för snusning mellan 16-20 år. Den övervägande delen av respondenterna hade uppfattningen att tobak har någon form av påverkan i munhålan. En stor del av respondenterna uppfattade att rökning har en mycket stor betydelse för att utveckla tillstånden dålig andedräkt (73,3%) och missfärgning av tänderna (78,9%), medan majoriteten av respondenterna uppfattade att missfärgning av tänderna (82,7%) har en mycket stor betydelse vid användningen av snus. Slutsats: Resultatet visar att det var fler tobaksanvändare i denna studie i förhållande till tobaksvändningen i övriga Sverige. Studien visar att den övervägande delen av grundlärarstudenterna uppfattade att rökning och snusning påverkar utveckling av olika tillstånd i munhålan. / Objective: The aim of the study was to identify tobacco habits and the perception of its effects in the oral cavity among elementary teacher students at Kristianstad University. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study with quantitative design was performed with a questionnaire survey. It was distributed to 76 elementary teacher students where all participated. Results: The results showed that 13 respondents smoked and 4 used snus, one of those was using both cigarettes and snus. The debut age for smoking was between 11-20 years and 16-20 years when using snus. The vast majority of the respondents perceived that the use of snus and cigarettes effects the oral cavity. Many of the respondents perceived that smoking had very great importance in the development of halitosis (73,3%) and discoloration of the teeth (78,9%), while the majority of the respondents had the perception that the discoloration of the teeth (82.7%) was of very great importance in the use of snus. Conclusion: The result shows that there were more tobacco users in this study in relation to tobacco use in the rest of Sweden. This study shows that the vast majority of the elementary teacher students perceived that smoking and snus had an effect for developing various states in the oral cavity.

Thesis (M. Ed.) --University of Limpopo, 2018 / The purpose of this study is to describe the extent to which universities prepare student teachers for inclusive education implementation, using University of Limpopo as a case. The study followed a qualitative research approach where a case study design was adopted. The study population consisted of all the third year students in the school of education. Eight student teachers were recruited to participate in the study through a purposive sampling strategy. The data was collected through two methods, namely interviews and document analysis. The data was analysed through thematic content analysis where themes were developed based on the verbatim transcripts from the data collected. The study came out with six findings namely: Lack of a clear understanding of what inclusive education is, lack of comprehensive course material, lack practical experience (the gap between theory and practise), no clear policies on teaching, learning and assessment in inclusive education, teaching strategy used by the lecturer is ineffective; and unpreparedness in teaching a diverse classroom. These findings implicate that the current training is insufficient to prepare students to effectively implement inclusive education. The study recommends that the current program be revised and repacked in order to advance the ideals of inclusive education in South Africa

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:49:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_KATIA_09_12_2013 (1).pdf: 364640 bytes, checksum: e1dc228072080f214f57e069f92b4abf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-02 / The number of higher education institutions that offer post- graduate distance has grown significantly today. Several issues can be studied in relation to this type of education, namely, the teacher pupil ratio student and student, information technology, teaching and learning processes . With regard to the teacher student element affection has been constantly subject addressed. Ä distance education, this element may be essential because the interaction between teacher and student is not given in person. New research on affectivity hitherto little studied, in the form of distance learning, can be of significant importance. Thus the present study aimed to investigate the perceptions of students about the affectivity in the relationship between teachers and students. Participants were ten students a specialization course in distance education. For data collection we used the interview technique being adopted qualitative research methodology. The results indicate that the emotion in distance education interfere in the learning process. By the elements indicated by the participants, the words love, caring, understanding, respect, friendship, affection, solidarity, care and companionship can be the core of these perceptions. / Esta pesquisa pertence ao programa de pós-graduação de mestrado em educação da UNOESTE onde a linha de pesquisa é a formação e prática pedagógica do profissional docente. O número de instituições de ensino superior que oferecem cursos de pós-graduação a distância tem crescido de forma expressiva na atualidade. Diversas questões podem ser estudadas em relação a essa modalidade de ensino, a saber, relação professor aluno, relação aluno e aluno, tecnologias de informação, processos de ensino e aprendizagem. No que se refere à relação professor aluno o elemento afetividade tem sido tema constantemente abordado. Na educação a distância, este elemento pode ser essencial, pois a interação entre professor e aluno não se dá de forma presencial. Novas investigações sobre a afetividade, até então pouco estudada na modalidade de ensino a distância, podem ser de importância significativa. Dessa forma a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a percepção de alunos acerca da afetividade nas relações entre docentes e discentes. Foram participantes dez alunos de um curso de especialização em educação na modalidade a distância. Para coleta de dados foi utilizada a técnica da entrevista sendo adotada uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa. Os resultados indicam que a afetividade na educação a distância interfere no processo do aprendizado. Mediante os elementos apontados pelos participantes, as palavras amor, carinho, compreensão, respeito, amizade, afeto, solidariedade, atenção e companheirismo podem constituir o núcleo central dessas percepções.

The basic teacher education for the grades F-3 will provide teacher student with knowledge about reading and writing development of children, which will lead to a competence to develop reading and writing learning at pre-school class and school's previous years. It is known by earlier studies that there is a problem regarding teacher education in reading. It shows by studies that teacher student’s often feels like they does not get the education they need to fulfil and teach pupils when it comes to teach reading. The purpose of this study is to examine how teacher student’s relate to and perceive reading education. The study examines what teacher student’s consider is important and not when it comes to children's reading development. I prepared two following questions to answer the aim of this study: How do teacher student’s perceive reading education? What do teacher students consider to be important and less important regarding children's reading development? The study is based on a survey study that 112 teacher students answered. All the questions are based on earlier studies about what is important in reading instruction. The study is also based on theories about content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. The result showed that there is a common perception of what is important when it comes to some factors in reading like phonemic awareness, phonological awareness, oral narration and conversation, reading aloud, reading strategies, discussions of literature and big vocabulary. The result also showed that some student’s have perceptions about some other factors and find it not quite important as the already mentioned factors. The factors are spelling rules, model texts, big vocabulary, discussions of literature, reading strategies, repeated reading, phonemic awareness, phonological awareness and oral narration and conversation. It also showed that a majority thought that they did not know if spelling rules and model texts is important when it comes to teaching reading.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_KATIA_09_12_2013 (1).pdf: 364640 bytes, checksum: e1dc228072080f214f57e069f92b4abf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-02 / The number of higher education institutions that offer post- graduate distance has grown significantly today. Several issues can be studied in relation to this type of education, namely, the teacher pupil ratio student and student, information technology, teaching and learning processes . With regard to the teacher student element affection has been constantly subject addressed. Ä distance education, this element may be essential because the interaction between teacher and student is not given in person. New research on affectivity hitherto little studied, in the form of distance learning, can be of significant importance. Thus the present study aimed to investigate the perceptions of students about the affectivity in the relationship between teachers and students. Participants were ten students a specialization course in distance education. For data collection we used the interview technique being adopted qualitative research methodology. The results indicate that the emotion in distance education interfere in the learning process. By the elements indicated by the participants, the words love, caring, understanding, respect, friendship, affection, solidarity, care and companionship can be the core of these perceptions. / Esta pesquisa pertence ao programa de pós-graduação de mestrado em educação da UNOESTE onde a linha de pesquisa é a formação e prática pedagógica do profissional docente. O número de instituições de ensino superior que oferecem cursos de pós-graduação a distância tem crescido de forma expressiva na atualidade. Diversas questões podem ser estudadas em relação a essa modalidade de ensino, a saber, relação professor aluno, relação aluno e aluno, tecnologias de informação, processos de ensino e aprendizagem. No que se refere à relação professor aluno o elemento afetividade tem sido tema constantemente abordado. Na educação a distância, este elemento pode ser essencial, pois a interação entre professor e aluno não se dá de forma presencial. Novas investigações sobre a afetividade, até então pouco estudada na modalidade de ensino a distância, podem ser de importância significativa. Dessa forma a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a percepção de alunos acerca da afetividade nas relações entre docentes e discentes. Foram participantes dez alunos de um curso de especialização em educação na modalidade a distância. Para coleta de dados foi utilizada a técnica da entrevista sendo adotada uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa. Os resultados indicam que a afetividade na educação a distância interfere no processo do aprendizado. Mediante os elementos apontados pelos participantes, as palavras amor, carinho, compreensão, respeito, amizade, afeto, solidariedade, atenção e companheirismo podem constituir o núcleo central dessas percepções.

The aim of our study is to investigate what possibilities and challenges Ghanaian teacher students express regarding outdoor pedagogy, in order to find out their view on using it as a method when teaching natural science in primary school. The teacher education in Ghana has not yet a course in outdoor pedagogy to offer their students. The view of outdoor pedagogy that is presented in this paper shows a learning situation where the learning context is moved to the natural landscape, which opens up for practical learning and the interaction between the senses of the pupils and the environment. Furthermore, reflection and concrete experiences in authentic situations are highlighted. The research took place at the University of Education, Winneba and the method consisted of qualitative interviews and a workshop with 20 teacher students of the department of basic education. We gathered our data before, during and after the workshop, therefore our result is divided as such. The results of the analysis show three main themes of the teacher students’ view on outdoor pedagogy; the learning context, teacher’s and student’s role. In the results section, each of these themes are categorized in possibilities and challenges expressed by the teacher students.Possibilities that can be found in the results is the fact that the learning will become practical and hands-on, it will involve the senses and therefore lead to deeper memories. Furthermore, the teacher students express a possibility for the pupils as they get an opportunity to take control of their own learning when sharing their knowledge with their peers. This affects the teacher's role which becomes more guiding than authoritarian.Difficulties the students expressed includes issues on behalf of the teacher in keeping control of the class due to the great number of pupils in the classes and the safety aspect with dangerous animals. Another category that recurred was the challenge with placebound prerequisites; to find a safe place suitable for the topic to teach. A difficulty on behalf of the students might be a fear of contributing to the teaching due to the lack of experience in sharing and talking in the classroom environment.

Denna uppsats diskuterar det faktum att många lärarstudenter inom Religionsvetenskap och lärande är kristna eller, i mer sällsynta fall, bekänner sig till någon annan traditionell religion. Enligt läroplanen skall undervisningen i skolorna vara icke konfessionell, vilket skulle kunna uppfattas som något av ett problem om lärarstaben i det aktuella ämnet är aktivt troende. Länge bedrevs undervisningen av kyrkan men efterhand växte kraven på objektiv undervisning och statliga skolor tog över och sekulariserade undervisningen. På 1960-talet var kravet på objektivitet så stort att många lärare blev rädda för att undervisa och på så sätt råka påverka sina elever med sina egna åsikter. Nu har kraven på objektivitet mattats och detta kan ses i de undersökningar som ligger till grund för denna uppsats. Lärarstudenter och gymnasieelever efterfrågar inte objektivitet i lika stor utsträckning och man kan skönja en återgång till de romantiska tankarna . Trots detta ställer sig denna uppsats kritisk till det faktum att så stor andel av de blivande religionslärarna är erkännande troende. Detta på grund av de resultat som framkom i enkäten som gymnasieeleverna fick besvara. De anser inte objektivitet vara mycket viktigt men tycker trots det att den religionsundervisning de mottagit är till stor del partisk. Man kan tydligt se en polarisering mellan blivande religionslärares och gymnasieelevers syn på ämnet. / This essay discusses the fact that many teacher students within religious education are Christians or, in more rare cases, believe in some other traditional religion. The laws governing Swedish schools state that the education should be non-confessional, something that can be seen as a problem with a confessing staff. For a long time, schools were run by the church, but gradually the demand for objectivity arose and public schools took over and secularized the education. In the 1960´s, the demand for objectivity was so grand that many teachers became afraid of teaching and by mistake happen to influence their pupils with their own views. The demand for objectivity has somewhat subsided and this can be seen in the surveys this essay is based on. Teacher students and pupils in upper secondary school does not ask for objectivity in the same way as they used to and you can see a return to the more romantic ideas. Still, this essay is critical of the fact that so many teachers-to-be are confessing themselves to a belief; this due of the results from the questionnaire concerning upper secondary pupils. They think objectivity is not of the highest importance but still claim that the religious education they receive is to a large extent partial. One can clearly see a polarization between the upper secondary pupils and the teacher students’ opinions.

Research suggests that Swedish secondary school biology teachers experience challenges in providing students with discussion of controversial issues. They conceive lack of knowledge in methodology and content matter of relevance. This raises the importance of managing controversial issues in Swedish biology classrooms. Little is known about biology teacher students’ perceptions of controversial issues in Sweden. This study explores what a group of teacher students perceive as central in managing controversial issues and what makes them feel prepared to meet these issues in educational settings. 8 students from a southern Swedish University were interviewed. Thematic analysis revealed 4 key themes: emotive, strategies, experience, and responsibility. This degree project demonstrates the great importance that teacher students conceive of the role of controversial issues in biology education. More need is asked of strategy development to be able to feel well prepared when dealing with controversial issues in the future teacher role. Future research should focus on perceptions in larger scale studies comparing differences regarding sex/gender, teacher educations’, programmes’ and classes’.