本研究旨在探討學前教師工作壓力、工作滿意度對於幸福感之影響及三者之關係。首先，瞭解學前教師工作壓力、工作滿意度與幸福感之現況；其次分析不同個人背景變項在三者中之差異情形；第三，探究學前教師工作壓力、工作滿意度與幸福感三者之相關情形；第四，以二因子多變量變異數分析討論學前教師工作壓力與工作滿意度對幸福感之交互作用；最後，以多元迴歸方式，瞭解工作壓力、工作滿意度對幸福感之預測力。 本研究透過文獻探討以及問卷調查法來瞭解上述研究之目的，以「學前教師工作壓力問卷」、「學前教師工作滿意度問卷」與「教師主觀幸福感量表」為研究工具。以臺北市公、私立學前教師為研究母群體，有效樣本為231份，根據受試者之填達結果分別以平均數、標準差、t檢定、皮爾森積差相關、二因子多變量變異數分析以及多元迴歸來分析資料。本研究主要結論如下： 壹、臺北市學前教師工作壓力偏低，其中壓力感受以「工作特性」最大；且工作滿意度偏高，其中以「教學自主」最讓教師感到滿意；且具有中度幸福感，以「情緒幸福感」為主。 貳、公立學前教師較易感受到工作壓力，且以「工作特性」壓力感受最大。資淺教師較易於工作滿意度之「人際關係」中感到滿意。資深教師在「心理幸福感」比資淺教師更感到幸福。已婚教師對於工作滿意度之「獎勵制度」滿意度高於未婚教師。 参、臺北市學前教師工作壓力與工作滿意度及幸福感有顯著負相關；而工作滿意度則與幸福感有顯著正相關。 肆、臺北市學前教師工作壓力與工作滿意度對「整體幸福感」及「心理幸福感」有交互作用。 伍、臺北市學前教師工作壓力與工作滿意度各對幸福感及其三構面具有預測力。 最後，研究者根據上述之研究結果提出具體建議，以提供給幼稚園、學前教師以及後續研究者作為參考。 / The main purposes of this study were to:（a）understand the current situation of the kindergarten teachers’ job stress, job satisfaction and subjective well-being；（b）analyze the data of the kindergarten teachers’ job stress, job satisfaction and subjective well-being between different backgrounds；（c）explore the relationship between these three variables；（d）use MANOVA（Multivariate Analysis of Variance）to analyze the interaction of kindergarten teachers’ job stress and job satisfaction vs. subjective well-being；（e）finally, use Multiple Regression Analysis to explore the predictive power of the kindergarten teachers’ job stress and job satisfaction on subjective well-being. To accomplish these purposes, the methods adopted were a comprehensive literature review and a questionnaire. Three scales were used to measure the following constructs: “Job Stress Scale for Kindergarten Teachers”,“Job Satisfaction Scale for Kindergarten Teachers”,“Subjective Well-Being Scale for Kindergarten Teachers”.There were 231 valid cases from public and private kindergarten teachers participated in this survey in Taipei. The questionnaire data were analyzed by “Mean”, “Standard Deviation”, “T-test”, “Pearson Product-Moment Correlation”, “MANOVA”,“Multiple Regression Analysis”. The major results were summarized as follows: 1、 Kindergarten teachers have middle-low job stress；and have high job satisfaction , highest score appears in “teaching autonomy”；and have middle subjective well-being , highest score appears in “emotional well-being”. 2、 Public kindergarten teachers have high job stress, highest score appears in “job characteristics”. The junior teachers have job satisfaction in “interpersonal relationship”. The senior teachers have more “psychological well-being” than the junior teachers. The married teachers have more “reward system” than the single teacher. 3、 There is a negative correlation between kindergarten teachers’ job stress and job satisfaction in Taipei. There is a negative correlation between kindergarten teachers’ job stress and subjective well-being in Taipei. There is a positive correlation between kindergarten teachers’ job satisfaction and subjective well-being in Taipei. 4、 The kindergarten teachers’ job stress and job satisfaction vs. subjective well-being have interaction. 5、kindergarten teachers job stress and job satisfaction have predictive power. At last, to bring up some concrete suggestion according to the study outcomes as references for kindergarten, kindergarten teachers, and correlated study in the future. Keywords: kindergarten teachers, kindergarten teachers’ job stress, kindergarten teachers’ job satisfaction, kindergarten teachers’ Subjective Well-Being

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

Cette recherche vise à comparer des enseignants novices en situation de formation et des enseignants "experts" que sont les maîtres de stages. L'observation et la comparaison des méthodes didactiques utilisées dans l'enseignement technique et dans l'enseignement général, mais aussi dans des disciplines différentes (biologie, chimie, français, histoire) nous a permis de mettre en évidence l'impact de la formation initiale sur les comportements des enseignants novices. / Doctorat en sciences de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Abstracts in English, Zulu and Afrikaans / A qualitative study was conducted on the causes of teacher attrition from urban schools in the Gauteng and Western Cape provinces of South Africa. Besides identifying the causes of attrition, the study intended to determine what needs to be changed to entice teachers who have left the profession to return. The rationale of the study was founded on the teacher shortage in South Africa and the alarming rate of teacher attrition from the profession, coupled with the growing number of learners needing education. Albert Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory, with a consideration of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, formed the conceptual framework of the research. Fourteen participants, comprising seven teachers who have left the profession from each province, were interviewed using semi-structured interviews to inform the findings. From the data analysis, five factors were identified as the main causes of attrition. Recommendations on what should be done to encourage a return to the profession were based on the identified causes of teacher attrition and input from the participants. / Kwenziwe ucwaningo lwe-qualitative ngezimbangela zokuncipha kothisha ezikoleni zaseGauteng kanye naseNtshonalanga Kapa eNingizimu Afrika. Nangaphandle kokubheka izimbangela zokuncipha kothisha, ucwaningo belunenhloso yokubheka izinguquko ezidingekayo ukuhuha othisha abashiye iprofeshini ukubuyela ezikoleni. Isizathu socwaningo bekuwukusweleka kothisha eNingizimu Afrika kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuncipha kwabo ezikoleni okuhambisana nenani elikhulayo labafundi abadinga imfundo. Ithiyori ka-Albert Bandura ye-self-efficacy kanye ne-Maslow's hierarcy of needs zibe wuhlaka lomqondo wocwaningo. Kwenziwa ama-interview nababambiqhaza abayishumi nane, abebequka othisha abayisikhombisa asebeshiye iprofeshini kwiprovinsi ngayinye ebalulwe ngenhla, ngokusebenzisa ama-semistructured interview ukuthola imiphumela. Ngokulandela ulwazi oluhlaziyiwe, kuphawulwe izinto ezinhlanu njengezimbangela ezinkulu zokuncipha kothisha. Kwenziwe izincomo ngokuthi yini okumele kwenziwe ukukhuthaza othisha ukubuyela kwiprofeshini ngokulandela izimbangela zokuncipha kothisha kanye nemibono evela kulabo ababambe iqhaza. / Daar is ’n kwalitatiewe studie uitgevoer oor die oorsake van natuurlike poste-afname van onderwysers in stedelike skole in die provinsies van Gauteng en die Wes-Kaap in Suid-Afrika. Buiten om die oorsake van natuurlike poste-afname te identifiseer, was die doel van die studie om te bepaal watter veranderinge nodig is om onderwysers wat die beroep verlaat het, oor te haal om terug te keer. Die beweegrede vir die studie was die tekort aan onderwysers in Suid-Afrika en die skrikwekkende tempo van die natuurlike poste-afname van onderwysers, tesame met die toenemende aantal leerders wat onderrig benodig. Albert Bandura se selfdoeltreffendheidsteorie en Maslow se hiërargie van behoeftes het die konseptuele raamwerk van die navorsing gevorm. Daar is onderhoude gevoer met ’n totaal van 14 deelnemers, bestaande uit sewe onderwysers wat die beroep verlaat het in elkeen van die bogenoemde provinsies. Halfgestruktureerde onderhoude is gebruik om die bevindings mee te deel. Uit die dataontleding is daar vyf faktore geïdentifiseer as die hoofoorsake van natuurlike poste-afname. Aanbevelings oor wat gedoen kan word om ’n terugkeer na die beroep aan te moedig is gebaseer op die geïdentifiseerde oorsake van natuurlike poste-afname en insette van die deelnemers. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Text in Afrikaans / This study ascertains the extent of the experience of stress and the nature of stress management by educators. The literature showed that stress is defined from various theoretical perspectives; various approaches to stress management exist; and educators manage stress in various ways. This study defines stress from a cognitive-transactional perspective. A qualitative research method was used, descriptive data were generated by focus groups and inductively analysed. The results show that educators experienced stress ( much as seen in the literature) due to organisational, management and personal factors. According to this research, educators experience stress on the physical, emotional, social and intellectual levels. Educators' efforts to deal with stress reflect direct techniques such as seeking personal support and using confrontational techniques, as well as indirect techniques which encompass intellectual and physical techniques. Finally the development of a stress management program for educators is recommended. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

The aim of this research was to determine the motivation levels of Zimbabwean rural secondary school teachers, and to identify and discuss the factors that influence their motivation so that management interventions could be designed to enhance teacher motivation. A quantitative research design, involving the descriptive sample survey method to collect data by means of self-administered structured questionnaire was adopted. The sample consisted of 175 rural secondary school teachers in Bikita District. The information was statistically analysed with the aid of a computer after which it was interpreted. Results indicated that teachers were not highly motivated and satisfied with their jobs, and that their motivation was affected by several aspects of their work. Working conditions emerged as a primary demotivator while interpersonal relations was a principal motivator. The data also showed that certain biographical variables affected teacher motivation significantly. Subsequent to these results recommendations to enhance teacher motivation were made. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management)

1 online resource (122 leaves : ill.) / Educator stress is a grave problem. The aim of this research is to understand female secondary school educators' personality awareness in relation to work related stress, with particular reference to an independent school in Witbank, Mpumalanga, South Africa. In the literature study I determined the nature of work related stress in educators' lives and investigated personality awareness. My empirical research established the level of work related stress experienced by female educators and how an awareness of different personalities may influence the person's experience of work related stress. The research methods were qualitative in nature and included an interview as well as focus group observations. Findings suggested that all the educators were stressed to a lesser or greater degree, but the critical fact was that what is stressful to one person may not be stressful to another. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for improvements to help alleviate educator stress. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (specialisation in Guidance and Councelling)

Stress, a feeling of pressure, tension, strain or threat, is a problem for contemporary female participants in the primary and secondary educational milieus who automatically respond to stressors (causes of stress), in the same way as women and girls in the past, since human beings have not changed psychologically and biologically over the millennia. Like their ancestors many female educators, learners and caregivers today do not return to a calm mental and physical state after an initial stress reaction. They often remain under stress, which results in emotional, behavioural, physical and cognitive manifestations of stress. Moreover, females may be predisposed to stress because of psychological, biological and social factors that have underpinned their response to time-related stressors that have faced them throughout history. Yet, history has also shown that women and girls taught and learnt successful stress coping mechanisms. Insight into these universal truths may provide educational solutions to a universal problem / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (History of Education)

The following research question motivated the study: "How can education management effectively address factors influencing teachers to migrate from the teaching profession?" To answer this research question, one school was selected in Limpopo Province, which is not affected by the migration of teachers from the teaching profession; this was demonstrated by the school retaining expert and veteran teachers and its excellent grade 12 results. Factors influencing the migration of teachers from the teaching profession were researched by means of qualitative approach. Focus group interviews, phenomenological interviews and unstructured (in-depth) interviews were conducted, transcribed and analysed. The research findings indicated that education management team needs to urge the government to pay teachers attractive salaries, introduce performance bonus scheme, deal with overcrowding and lack of resources, curb violence in schools, deal effectively with corruption, improve poor learners' discipline and do away with corporal punishment. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Female academics in higher education institutions face numerous challenges in the continuously ch~nging landscape of South African Higher Education. Numerous mergers between different institutions, increasing job demands, ever increasing class sizes and the unique demands of role conflict, inherent to the female role, contribute to the manifestation of stress and burnout (80) in this population group. The research is conducted from a salutogenic paradigm, seeking to find ways of avoiding the negative consequences of 80 and contributing towards the positive experience of Work Engagement (WE) for the female academic. The research also explores the effect of the individual academics' Sense of Cohrence (SOC) on the experience of BO and WE. The research is quantitative in nature. A psychometric instrument was sent to all the permanently employed female academics employed by Unisa and TUT, measuring their levels of 80, WE and SOC. The completed questionnaires were statisticaily analysed. The findings included average levels of 80, with definite signs that the experience of 80 is on the increase. The Cy sub-dimension of BO showed increased levels. The WE scores of the female academics were just above average. The SOC scores of the female academics were low. The main recommendations were that University management need to take cognisance of the symptoms of BO that are present in this population. Strategies need to be put in place to address these issues and the experience of WE need to be treasured and grown through definite actions from Management. Female academics also need to take personal responsibility for their own wellness and act on the initial signs of 80, rather than dismissing it as mere tiredness or lack of energy. There are also a number of recommendations on actions to be taken to experience WE in the academic work that the population undertake on a daily basis / Industrial & Organizational Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Industrial & Organizational psychology)