Voice is an integral part of writing instruction, and over half of state writing assessments include voice on scoring rubrics; yet, there is a dearth of research on voice and writing instruction with adolescents. Increasingly new literacies and digital tools are being used in the high school English classroom but with relatively little known about how these tools can teach voice during writing instruction. This qualitative single-case study examined how a public school, ninth-grade English teacher used new literacies to develop voice in students' writing and participants' perception of these instructional choices. The sample included the teacher and 14 students, and data collection included classroom observations, participant interviews, motivation inventories, reflective logs, state writing scores, students' writing folders, and wiki documents. An iterative process of inductive and deductive analysis led to key findings about instructional planning, purposeful writing assignments, teacher feedback, and participant response. Findings indicate that further attention is needed with respect to text structure development, writing pedagogy, and voice in writing; teachers' response to students' writing in digital environments; and motivation and adolescent writing. / Ph. D.

Second language (L2) teacher cognition has in recent years attracted the attention of an increasing number of researchers. While much L2 teacher cognition research focuses on the teaching of grammar (e.g. Phipps & Borg, 2009), L2 writing teacher cognition has received considerably less attention. It has, however, been suggested that L2 writing teachers’ perceptions of themselves as writers (Casanave, 2004) and as language learners may play a crucial role in their decision making as teachers of L2 writing. In an attempt to address this gap in the L2 teacher cognition literature, this study investigates English as a second language (ESL) writing teachers' beliefs about themselves as language learners and as writers in their first and/or second language(s). The purpose is to discover how ESL writing teachers’ beliefs about and practice of teaching L2 writing are influenced by their experiences in writing in their first and/ or second languages. Three native (NES) and two non-native English-speaking (NNES) teachers teaching L2 writing took part in the study. During a 15-week semester, their ESL writing classes were periodically observed and audio-recorded. Additionally, each teacher was interviewed two times using stimulated recall regarding both their classroom instructional practices and instruction provided in the margins of student papers. Findings revealed that, language learning in general was an important contributor to both NNES and NES teachers’ cognitions. Even NES teachers who were not advanced in their respective second and/or additional languages still referred to their language learning experiences. The NNES teacher participants also commented that they sometimes had to step out of their own language experience in order to better help their students. Results also indicated that L2 writing teachers without advanced L2 literacy skills were influenced primarily by their L1 writing experiences. L2 writing teachers with advanced L2 literacy skills, however, were greatly influenced by their L2 writing experience. In all of the cases, being an advanced writer, whether in their L1 or L2s, was an important contributor to L2 writing teachers’ cognitions.

The aim of the study is to analyse and compare two textbooks of Swedish in grade 4 withthe focus on how the teaching of writing is arranged in the textbooks. The comparison ismade on the basis of the analytical categories text chains, text conversations and texttypologies, which are the categories that make up a writing process. The analysis of thetext chains in the textbooks reveals which activities occur and their order in the writingprocess. Text conversations are analysed on the basis of the different focuses, anchorage,function and model, which concern the purpose and direction of the conversation. Thetext typologies are likewise analysed in terms of different direction, since a text can eitherbe text-oriented, writer-oriented or reader-oriented. The analysis shows that the writingprocess in the textbooks has many similarities. The greatest similarity is that a specifictype of text is the central field of work in every writing process. All writing processesbegin with an activity where the pupils read a model text. Both textbooks also attach greatimportance to different types of language-developing activities such as teachinggrammar, selected for its relevance in the writing of the specific type of text. All writingprocesses give the pupils knowledge in both the form and linguistic features of theparticular text type through oral text conversations and written activities. The writingprocess in both textbooks ends with an individual writing activity where the pupilsthemselves produce and revise a text in the particular text type. For the concluding activitythe textbooks differ in the suggested preparations, for instance in the arrangement of theactivity immediately connected to the concluding activity. / Studiens syfte är att analysera och jämföra två läromedel i årskurs 4 för ämnet svenska med fokus på hur skrivundervisningen är upplagd i läromedlen. Jämförelsen sker utifrån analyskategorierna textkedjor, textsamtal och texttypologier vilka är de kategorier som utgör ett skrivförlopp. Analysen av läromedlens textkedjor synliggör vilka aktiviteter som förekommer samt deras inbördes ordning i skrivförloppet. Textsamtal analyseras utifrån de olika fokusen förankring, funktion och förebild som avser samtalets syfte och inriktning. Texttypologierna analyseras även de utifrån olika inriktningar eftersom en text antingen kan vara textorienterad, skribentorienterad eller läsorienterad. Analysen visar att läromedlens skrivförlopp har många likheter. Den största likheten är att en specifik texttyp är det centrala arbetsområdet i varje skrivförlopp. Alla skrivförlopp inleds med en aktivitet där eleverna får läsa en modelltext. Båda läromedlen lägger också stor vikt vid olika typer av språkutvecklande aktiviteter så som grammatikundervisning som är utvald för sin relevans i skrivandet av den specifika texttypen. Alla skrivförlopp ger eleverna kunskaper inom både form och språkliga drag för den aktuella texttypen genom muntliga textsamtal och skriftliga aktiviteter. Skrivförloppen i båda läromedlen avslutas med en individuell skrivaktivitet där eleverna själva producerar och bearbetar en text inom den aktuella texttypen. Inför den avslutande aktiviteten skiljer sig förberedelserna åt mellan de båda läromedlen, bland annat i upplägget av den aktivitet som ligger i direkt anslutning till den avslutande aktiviteten.

No description available.

No description available.

Este trabalho teve como escopo detectar mecanismos presentes no processo de produção escrita de alunos que chegam ao sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental sem o domínio ortográfico esperado nesse nível de escolaridade, considerando o sexto ano como momento nodal para um apoio fundamentado àqueles que apresentem defasagem. Para tanto, analisa produções de quatro alunos de uma escola pública estadual da capital paulista, com base em postulados da Fonética e da Fonologia, em que são observadas as possíveis relações entre a consciência fonológica do português brasileiro e os processos de escrita. Reflexões da Psicolinguística concorrem para o entendimento de que os erros dos alunos são índices a serem considerados para intervenção didático-pedagógica. Para sintonizar intervenções na escola, postulados da Teoria da Atribuição Causal, voltados para a educação, são propostos com o intuito de compreender a disposição dos alunos diante das dinâmicas de ensino e aprendizagem. Uma sistematização das normas ortográficas do português embasa sugestões de abordagens em sala de aula para superação dos problemas apontados. / This dissertation aims to describe the mechanisms involved when sixth-grade students do not achieve expected levels in orthography. The sixth-grade is considered a critical time to provide appropriate support for those students who are under-achieving. Psycholinguistics have postulated that student errors are indicators of the need for pedagogical didactic intervention. The study analyses the written work of four students from a public school in the State of Sao Paulo, from a Phonetic and Phonologic perspective. A relationship between phonological awareness of Brazilian Portuguese and writing processes was observed. To understand the engagement of students with teaching and learning, the Attribution Theory is suggested in order to adjust school interventions. A system of Portuguese orthographic norms was part of the research, along with suggestions for practical intervention.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-03T14:05:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Carnin.pdf: 1157388 bytes, checksum: 81074836d9e30f453365502595ef74b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-03T14:05:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Carnin.pdf: 1157388 bytes, checksum: 81074836d9e30f453365502595ef74b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa, pautada numa concepção de ensino como trabalho (MACHADO, 2004), enfocou a escrita de professores em formação continuada e sua relação com o desenvolvimento profissional. Objetivando ampliar a compreensão sobre como a escrita profissional medeia o desenvolvimento, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter longitudinal que acompanhou uma díade de professoras em formação continuada na área de (ensino de) língua materna, tomando o conceito de gênero de texto como eixo articulador da investigação. No quadro de uma formação cooperativa, na qual pesquisadores e professores têm voz e a possibilidade de mudar o curso da pesquisa (GUIMARÃES; CARNIN, 2014), buscou-se examinar o desenvolvimento do conceito de gênero textual, tanto sob o ponto de vista epistemológico como praxiológico. Iluminados pelo amparo teórico do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, 1999, 2006, 2011, 2013) buscou-se elucidar modos de: a) compreender a escrita de trabalho do professor inserida no seu espaço de desenvolvimento profissional; b) descrever os modos como a escrita medeia a construção de conhecimento por professores em formação continuada e c) analisar se existem indícios linguístico-textuais, marcados na escrita do professor, que permitem visualizar relação de desenvolvimento profissional e a transformação do conceito de gênero de texto em instrumento psicológico. O exercício analítico se deu a partir de dois textos produzidos pelas professoras colaboradoras da pesquisa: um projeto didático de gênero (GUIMARÃES; KERSCH, 2012b) e um artigo científico. Sob o ponto de vista linguístico-discursivo, foram analisados a infraestrutura geral do texto (plano global, conteúdos temáticos, sequências e tipos de discurso) e os mecanismos enunciativos (vozes e índices de pessoa). Aspectos relacionados à dimensão psicológica do desenvolvimento também foram considerados na análise, a partir de Bronckart (2011) e Friedrich (2012). Os resultados incluem (a) a confirmação de que a escrita do professor é um poderoso instrumento para a tomada de consciência e a reconfiguração da representação do conceito de gênero de texto; (b) a apresentação de uma análise linguístico-textual e discursiva que descreve a (re)configuração do conceito de gênero de texto e sua transformação em instrumento psicológico; (c) a discussão sobre a escrita de professores como episteme de uma prática docente orientada pela e para a produção de conhecimento em situação de trabalho e (d) a abertura de um espaço de pesquisa sobre a relação entre escrita, autoria e desenvolvimento profissional. / This research, which was based on a conception of teaching as a work activity (MACHADO, 2004), focused on teachers’ writing practice in a continued studies training and its relation with their professional development. Aiming at broadening the comprehension about how professional writing can mediate the development, a longitudinal qualitative research was conducted. In this research, a dyad of teachers of Portuguese as a mother language was analyzed during a process of continued studies teacher training, taking the concept of textual genre as the articulatory axe of the investigation. In the frame of a cooperative teacher training, in which researchers and teachers are invoiced and have the possibility to change the course of the research (GUIMARÃES; CARNIN, 2014), the development of the notion of textual genre was searched, concerning not only the epistemological perspective but also the praxiological. Enlightened by the theoretical approach of the Sociodiscursive Interactionism (BRONCKART, 1999, 2006, 2011, 2013), this study intended to elucidate means of: a) comprehend the teacher’s work writing inserted in the former’s professional environment; b) describe the means in which writing mediates professional knowledge construction by teachers in continued studies training; and c) analyze if there are textual/linguistic traits, highlighted in the teacher’s writing, which allow a visualization of a relationship between professional development and the transformation of the text genre concept in psychological instrument. The analytical exercise took place from two texts produced by the participant teachers who collaborated in the research: genre didactic project (GUIMARÃES; KERSCH, 2012b) and a scientific paper. Considering the linguistic-discursive perspective, the text’s general infrastructure (global plan, thematic contents, discourse types and sequences) and enunciator mechanisms (voices and personal indexes) were analyzed. Aspects related to the psychological dimension of the development were also taken into account, from Bronckart (2011) and Friedrich (2012). Results include (a) the confirmation that teacher’s writing is a powerful instrument for awareness and reconfiguration of the representation of the concept of textual genre; (b) the presentation of a textual/linguistic and discursive analysis which describes the (re)configuration of the concept of textual genre and its transformation into psychological instrument; (c) the discussion about teachers’ writing as the episteme of a teaching practice guided by and to knowledge production in a work situation and (d) the opening of a space of research about the relationship among writing, authorship and professional development.

The aim of this study was to investigate how four third grade pupils, who are in need of extra support in their development in writing, and their teacher describe the conditions of the teaching organization when writing factual text. The empirical material consisted of transcripts of interviews with teacher and students, supported by field notes of observations and video observations. Constructively oriented interviews were conducted with an interview guide as support. The choice to carry out observations and video observation also gave an opportunity to study the teaching from different perspectives, and contributed to broader empirical material.   The results of the study show that the scaffolding that existed in the organization in various ways created opportunities for the pupils to write factual texts. Different examples of a varied and successful scaffolding in teaching are presented in the results section. The current teacher used several different artefacts in her teaching as well as collaborative activities like dialogues in full class, or between students, to support knowledge, acquisition on the subject, on subject specific concepts and on factual writing. One obstacle that emerged was that a pupil had difficulty writing the factual text despite the support that existed in the organization of the teaching.   The pupils also describe a varied support in teaching. They used different artefacts as support when they learned the facts on the subject and when writing the factual texts. According to the pupils’ statements more obstacles existed. One pupil had difficulties to write despite the support, one pupil felt that writing by hand was an obstacle, one pupil stressed that the weak interest for the subject as well as the “childish” material (the film) reduced the motivation to learn and two pupils also claimed external influences, like a noisy classroom, to be an obstacle to focusing on the writing task. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur fyra elever som är i behov av extra stöd i sin skrivutveckling och en lärare i årskurs 3 beskriver vilka förutsättningar som finns i undervisningen för att skriva en faktatext. Det empiriska materialet utgjordes av utskrifter från lärar- och elevintervjuer med stöd av fältanteckningar från observation och videoobservation. Konstruktivistiskt orienterade intervjuer utfördes med en intervjuguide som stöd. Valet att även genomföra observation och videoobservation gav en möjlighet att studera undervisningen utifrån olika perspektiv och bidrog till ett bredare empiriskt material.   Resultaten från studien visade att den stöttning som fanns i undervisningens organisation på många olika sätt skapade förutsättningar för eleverna att skriva en faktatext. Olika exempel på en varierad framgångsrik stöttning presenteras i resultatet. Läraren i studien använde flera olika artefakter som stöd i undervisningen och kollaborativa aktiviteter som samtal i helklass och mellan elever för att stötta kunskapsinhämtning om ämnet, ämnesbegrepp och skrivande av en faktatext. Ett hinder som framkom var att en elev hade svårt att skriva faktatexten trots stödet som fanns i undervisningens organisation.   Eleverna beskrev också ett varierat stöd i undervisningen. De använde olika artefakter som stöd när de skulle lära sig fakta om ämnet och när de skulle skriva faktatexten. Utifrån elevernas beskrivningar framkom fler hinder. En elev hade svårt att skriva trots stödet, en elev ansåg att skrivandet för hand hindrade honom, en elev tar upp att intresset för ämnet är lågt och densamme menar att materialet (filmen) är för ”barnsligt” vilka båda är faktorer som påverkar motivationen att lära och två elever lyfter även yttre påverkansfaktorer, som prat i klassrummet som ett hinder för att kunna koncentrera sig på skrivuppgiften.

Este trabalho teve como escopo detectar mecanismos presentes no processo de produção escrita de alunos que chegam ao sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental sem o domínio ortográfico esperado nesse nível de escolaridade, considerando o sexto ano como momento nodal para um apoio fundamentado àqueles que apresentem defasagem. Para tanto, analisa produções de quatro alunos de uma escola pública estadual da capital paulista, com base em postulados da Fonética e da Fonologia, em que são observadas as possíveis relações entre a consciência fonológica do português brasileiro e os processos de escrita. Reflexões da Psicolinguística concorrem para o entendimento de que os erros dos alunos são índices a serem considerados para intervenção didático-pedagógica. Para sintonizar intervenções na escola, postulados da Teoria da Atribuição Causal, voltados para a educação, são propostos com o intuito de compreender a disposição dos alunos diante das dinâmicas de ensino e aprendizagem. Uma sistematização das normas ortográficas do português embasa sugestões de abordagens em sala de aula para superação dos problemas apontados. / This dissertation aims to describe the mechanisms involved when sixth-grade students do not achieve expected levels in orthography. The sixth-grade is considered a critical time to provide appropriate support for those students who are under-achieving. Psycholinguistics have postulated that student errors are indicators of the need for pedagogical didactic intervention. The study analyses the written work of four students from a public school in the State of Sao Paulo, from a Phonetic and Phonologic perspective. A relationship between phonological awareness of Brazilian Portuguese and writing processes was observed. To understand the engagement of students with teaching and learning, the Attribution Theory is suggested in order to adjust school interventions. A system of Portuguese orthographic norms was part of the research, along with suggestions for practical intervention.

This qualitative case study explored the writing assessment practices of upper elementary ELA teachers and factors that influenced their decision making when assessing student writing. Effective assessment practices are important because these practices can aid teachers in identifying student needs, designing tailored writing instruction, and monitoring student progress. This study included 5 teacher participants from 3rd to 5th grade. Participants were viewed as 1 case bound by their grade band and employment in a district focused on teaching and assessing writing. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, a think aloud task, a review of assessment artifacts and the researcher’s reflective journal. Analysis was completed following a five-phase model. Findings included: (1) teachers’ efficacy of assessing student writing is influenced by support received, (2) strengthening teachers’ assessment practices requires personalized, ongoing PD, (3) context influences teachers’ decision making when assessing student writing, and (4) teachers have varying levels of knowledge of formatively assessing student writing. These findings suggest implications for state administrators, district and school administrators, classroom teachers, curriculum leaders, and university programs.