Esse trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as políticas de ciência e tecnologia, na última década do século XX, no Brasil. Buscou-se, especificamente, verificar potencialidades e limites dessas políticas para a construção de condições de sustentabilidade e para melhorar a posição relativa do país no cenário internacional, caracterizado por economia mundializada, e baseada, nos países centrais, em conhecimento intensivo. Visando identificar impactos das formas de gestão e de fomento de ciência e tecnologia sobre o desenvolvimento e a consolidação da base científica e tecnológica brasileira, na década de 1990, investigou-se a relação entre Estado, sociedade e coletividades científicas, expressa em políticas públicas, pelas quais o Estado, com o apoio parcial da coletividade científica, institui a “excelência” como o centro da re-organização do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico brasileiro, tomando-a como condição essencial para a obtenção dos níveis de competitividade exigidos para a inserção do País na nova ordem econômica mundial. A investigação foi efetuada a partir da análise, por um lado, das macroestruturas sociais representadas pelo Estado (políticas públicas, agências do Estado) e o Mercado, estruturas essas que afetam e conectam as microssituações; e, por outro lado, sua relação com os microprocessos que envolvem a ação dos atores presentes no setor de ciência e tecnologia e seu papel na manutenção ou transformação das estruturas sociais. O conceito inclusivo de coletividades científicas, no qual as relações macro e microssociais são contempladas demonstrou-se profícuo para a investigação das políticas de ciência e tecnologia no Brasil, notadamente no que se refere à sua peculiaridade, expressa na inclusão dos cientistas como atores privilegiados na formulação e gestão das mesmas. O estudo conclui que as novas formas de gestão de ciência e tecnologia, no Brasil, que deixam de investir na ampliação horizontal da base de pesquisa e no apoio à emergência de grupos, com capacidade de encontrar soluções para problemas econômicos e sociais, nas diferentes regiões do país (que apresenta dimensões continentais), podem levar a um agravamento das dificuldades para o rompimento do círculo que mantém o país como periférico, com relação aos centros dinamizadores de conhecimento e, também, reduzir suas chances de um desenvolvimento sustentável, apesar do discurso e, mesmo, de políticas explícitas em ciência e tecnologia, direcionadas para esse tipo de desenvolvimento. / This paper aims at an analysis of the last decade of the twentieth century’s Brazilian policies on science and technology. Specifically, the author tried to verify potentials and limitations of these policies in the construction of conditions for sustainability and improvement of the country’s relative position in an international scene which is characterized by a global economy and, in the central countries, on intensive knowledge. Aiming at identifying the impact of management structures and promotion of science and technology on the development and the consolidation of the Brazilian technological and scientific foundations in the decade of 1990, the paper scrutinizes the relationship between State, society and scientific communities, as expressed in public policies, for which the State, with the partial support of the scientific collective, institutes "excellence" as the center of the reorganization of the Brazilian scientific and technological development, taking it as an essential condition for the attainment of the demanded levels of competitiveness for the insertion of the country in the new world-wide economic order. The investigation was carried out from the analysis, on one hand, of the social macrostructures represented by the State (public policies, State agencies) and the Market, with structures that affect and connect the micro-situations; and on the other hand, their relationship with the micro-processes that involve the action of the actors present in the science and technology sector and their role in maintaining or transforming social structures. The inclusive concept of scientific collectives, which contemplates macro and micro-social relationships, has asserted itself as a fertile terrain for the inquiry into science and technology policies in Brazil, specifically in relation to its peculiarity, which is expressed by the inclusion of the scientists as privileged actors in the creation and management of policies of science and technology. The study concludes that the new forms of management in science and technology in Brazil fail to invest in the horizontal expansion of the bases for research as well as failing to support emergent groups, which are capable of finding solutions for economic and social problems in the different regions of a country as large as Brazil. This failure can make it very difficult to disrupt the circle that keeps the country peripheral with relation to the driving centres of knowledge. Moreover, it reduces the possibilities of a sustainable development, in spite of the official discourse and even the implementation, by the State, of explicit policies in science and technology, intended for this type of development.

Orientadores: Wilson Suzigan, João Eduardo de Moraes Pinto Furtado / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T03:53:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Urias_EduardoMunizPereira_M.pdf: 794007 bytes, checksum: 1103909e72363b7f6498da306c90d92e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O presente trabalho possui três objetivos principais, perseguidos por meio de entrevistas com atores da indústria, da coleta de informações em fontes secundárias, de um Painel de Especialistas, somados a elementos teóricos de Economia Evolucionária e de Economia Institucional. O primeiro deles, apresentado no Capítulo 1, consistiu em desenvolver a evolução do setor farmacêutico brasileiro desde sua formação, ainda no final do século XIX. Buscaram-se elementos que permitissem compreender o porquê de as atividades científicas e tecnológicas - características do setor em nível global - terem sido alijadas da rotina da indústria local. O segundo objetivo, abordado no Capítulo 2, teve início com a observação de que algumas mudanças institucionais verificadas na década de 1990 - com destaque para a da Lei de Propriedade Intelectual (nº 9.279 de 14/05/1996) e para a Lei do Medicamento Genérico (nº 9.787 de 10/02/1999) - direcionaram as principais empresas de capital nacional à realização de atividades de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação. Relatando esforços em inovação observados no setor no período recente, argumenta-se ao longo do trabalho que tal mudança de postura ocorreu porque a conjugação das duas leis inviabilizou as estratégias predominantemente oportunistas e rentistas praticadas pelas principais empresas de capital nacional do setor. Porém, também são destacados gargalos e desconexões observados, que tornam limitada a possibilidade de afirmar que existe um sistema de inovação farmacêutico no Brasil. O terceiro objetivo, retratado no Capítulo 3, ressalta a importância da dependência da trajetória para o posicionamento das empresas no novo ambiente que emergiu recentemente, destacando os elos existentes entre experiência, capacitações técnicas e estratégia tecnológica das empresas. Através de um estudo de caso com três empresas, buscou-se relatar como a definição e implementação de uma estratégia tecnológica tendem a apresentar elementos de inércia organizacional ao estarem impregnadas por padrões de comportamento herdados do passado. Por fim, as conclusões ressaltam que tanto os críticos quanto os defensores da exceção patentária para o setor farmacêutico observada no Brasil entre 1945 e 1996 erraram em seus prognósticos. Além disso, é ressaltada a importância de as empresas se livrarem das amarras que ainda as prendem ao ambiente competitivo anterior - sobretudo o foco de curto prazo e a relutância de investir em atividades de maior risco - bem como de se articular as políticas econômica, industrial, de ciência e tecnologia e de saúde, para que se crie um ambiente favorável à constituição de um verdadeiro sistema de inovação. O erro daqueles que acreditaram na exceção patentária como vetor do aprendizado e do desenvolvimento da indústria farmacêutica pode estar hoje sendo repetido, na crença de que basta distribuir dinheiro público para que as empresas invistam - a sério - em pesquisa e inovação de base tecnológica. / Abstract: This dissertation deals with a path-dependence analysis of the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry to show how the local firms are incorporating innovative activities, having elements of both Evolutionary and Institutional Economics as the theoretical background. By means of interviews with industry's players, the gathering of secondary source's information, and a panel of experts its three main objectives are presented and discussed as follow. Chapter 1 develops the evolution of the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry from its formation, in the late nineteenth century, to actual days. Evidences are analyzed in order to comprehend why the scientific and technological activities - characteristics of the sector at a global level - were eliminated from the routine of local industry. Some important institutional changes occurred in the 1990s - in particular the Law of Intellectual Property and the Law on Medicines Generic - and have directed the major companies of national capital in conducing research, development and innovation activities. Chapter 2 takes this in consideration by reporting the innovative efforts of the industry that has been observed in the recent period. It is argued throughout this study that this change of attitude occurred because the combination of those two laws that has resulted in opportunistic and rent-seeking strategies by major companies of national capital. Nonetheless, observed bottlenecks and disconnections are also highlighted, limiting the opportunity to affirm that there is an actual system of pharmaceutical innovation in Brazil. The third objective is depicted in Chapter 3. In here it is emphasized the importance of path-dependence in the positioning of the new business environment that has emerged recently. Links between experience, training techniques and technology strategy of firms are highlighted. A three companies case study shows that the definition and implementation of a technology strategy tend to have elements of organizational inertia because they are impregnated by patterns of behavior inherited from the past. Finally, research findings conclude that both critics and defenders of the patent exception for pharmaceutical sector were incorrect in their predictions. Furthermore, it draw attention to the importance of companies to get rid of the ties that have linked them to the previous competitive environment (especially the shortterm focus and unwillingness to invest in activities of greater risk) and to articulate the economic and industrial policies, as well as science, technology and health ones in order to create a favorable environment for the set up of a genuine system of innovation. The mistakes of those who believed in the patent exception as a vector of learning and development of the pharmaceutical industry may be being repeated today by the belief that only public money is necessary for companies to seriously invest in research and technology-based innovation. / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The increased pervasiveness of information communication and technology and increasing internet access creates anticipation for how contemporary technologies can address critical developmental problems. Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death globally, even though more than 40% of the deaths are premature and avoidable. Diabetes is such a disease that causes 80% of non-communicable disease deaths in low and middle-income countries. Diabetes is also the leading cause of death in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Diabetes thus constitutes a challenge to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3 that focuses on health and well-being for all people, at all ages. The potential of technology, such as the use of m-health applications, is recognised as a means to advance the Sustainable Development Goals through supporting health systems in all countries.

Det finns flera motiv till varför fastighetsutvecklare väljer att riva befintliga byggnader i storstäder. Marktillgången i storstäder som Stockholm är begränsad och fastighetsutvecklare vill kunna erbjuda en modern standard som uppfyller de ökade krav och förväntningar hyresgäster ställer. Fastighetsägare kan därför vilja riva sina äldre fastigheter för att kunna projektera nya mer anpassade byggnader. Samtidigt står byggsektorn för en stor del av allt avfall och alla utsläpp i Sverige. Om det går att minska byggsektorns totala genererade avfall genom att återbruka den redan byggda miljön kan stora mängder utsläpp undvikas. Det finns dock lite dokumenterad kunskap om återbruk vid fastighetsutveckling där fokus är återbruk av fastighetens befintlig(a) byggnad(er), med syfte att ta tillvara och återanvända så mycket som möjligt av det "på plats redan befintliga". Syftet med studien är att bidra till den samlade kunskapen om återbruk av befintliga byggnader som alternativ till rivning vid fastighetsutveckling av kommersiella byggnader. Med fokus på byggnadstekniska samt arkitektoniska och kulturhistoriska aspekter är målet att undersöka vilka utmaningar som finns med återbruk av befintliga byggnader som alternativ till rivning vid fastighetsutveckling av kommersiella byggnader från 1900-talet i Stockholms innerstad, samt diskutera hur utmaningar kan hanteras. För att uppnå examensarbetets mål har litteraturstudier kombinerats med intervjuer. En inledande litteraturstudie genomfördes som berörde rivning och återbruk på en övergripande nivå. Den inledande litteraturstudien låg som grund för intervjustudien. Intervjuer genomfördes med 11 respondenter från olika yrkesroller. Respondenterna bestod av fyra konstruktörer, en fastighetsutvecklare, en bebyggelseantikvarie, två hållbarhets konsulter, en VVS-konsult och två arkitekter där en jobbade som handläggande arkitekt och en arbetade som tillgänglighetskonsult. Utmaningar med återbruk av befintliga byggnader som alternativ till rivning som frekvent uppkom under intervjuerna analyserades och kategoriserades in i olika områden. Dessa områden var Energi och miljö, Installationer, Konstruktion, Låga våningshöjder, Fönster och ljusinsläpp, Attraktivitet och flexibilitet samt Kulturhistoriska värden. När utmaningar var kategoriserade i tidigare nämnda områden genomfördes en fördjupad litteraturstudie anpassad efter utmaningar med återbruk av befintliga byggnader som alternativ tillrivning inom dessa områden. Baserat på genomförda intervjuer och studerad litteratur ansågs tre områden vara särskilt utmanande, Låga våningshöjder, Installationer samt Kulturhistoriska värden. Låga våningshöjder var utmanande eftersom det styrs av den befintliga stommen som kan vara svår att justera. Nya lagkrav och människors välmående är viktigt att tänka på där låg våningshöjd motsäger de båda faktorerna. Installationer var utmanande eftersom dagens krav på luftflöde är högre jämfört med förr. Schakt och kanaler behöver expanderas för att anpassas till dagens luftflöden vilket är svårt att få plats med i befintliga byggnader. Installationer har en tydlig koppling till låga våningshöjder eftersom expandering av kanalers dimensioner kräver mer yta mellan bjälklag och innertak. Dagens luftflöden kan dock uppnås genom att byta befintliga system eller utöka antalet fläktrum vilket kan minska påverkan på våningshöjderna. Kulturhistoriska värden utmanade återbruk av byggnader eftersom värden sitter i detaljer som fönster, värme- och ventilationssystem vilket alla är komponenter som kan behöva bytas ut när man ska återbruka en befintlig byggnad. Bevarande av kulturhistoriska värden kan vara svårt att kombinera med ändringar som förbättrar energiprestanda. Bevarande av kulturhistoriska värden hanteras bäst genom att samarbeta med antikvarier tidigt i processen och genomföra varsamma ändringar. Från intervjuer och litteratur framkom att utmaningar inom de resterande områdena var enklare att hantera. Utmaningar inom Energi och miljö var att hantera material och hög energianvändning. Utmaningar inom konstruktion gällde utökade laster vid påbyggnation, vilket kunde hanteras med förstärkning som innebar en stor ekonomisk kostnad. Fönster och ljusinsläpp utmanade återbruk av befintliga byggnader om fönster inte var tillräckligt isolerade eller så små att det blev dåligt ljusinsläpp. Det kunde hanteras genom fönsterbyten eller öppning av fasad, vilket blir kostsamt. Attraktivitet och flexibilitet var utmanande eftersom det finns höga förväntningar från hyresgäster och höga ambitioner hos fastighetsägare för byggnader centralt i storstäder. Fastigheter är anpassade efter specifika behov och därför svåra att förändra efter nya behov genom ombyggnation. Förväntningar kan hanteras genom att fler personer blir informerade om återbruk och att det blir något attraktivt med att nyttja återbrukade byggnader i stället för nyproducerade. Vid nyproduktion av fastigheter kan det vara viktigt att anpassa byggnaderna för att öka möjligheterna till framtida återbruk, till exempel genom för att skapa större flexibilitet i byggnaderna. En samlad slutsats från examensarbetet är att utmaningar med återbruk av befintliga byggnader som alternativ till rivning utifrån arkitektoniska, kulturhistoriska och byggnadstekniska aspekter i flera fall är inbördes relaterade. Samspelet är viktigt att beakta för att hantering av en åtgärd inte ska riskera att generera konsekvenser i form av nya utmaningar. Examensarbetet föreslår därför att frågan om återbruk som alternativ till rivning måste adresseras med avseende på hur utmaningar utifrån olika aspekter samspelar och därmed bäst kan hanteras. De arkitektoniska, kulturhistoriska och byggnadstekniska utmaningar som är svårast att hantera är de som starkt motiverar rivning, baseras på byggnadens delar som är fundamentala, är kopplade mellan varandra, motsäger varandra och utmanar varandra. / There are several reasons why property developers choose to demolish existing buildings in large cities. Land availability in large cities such as Stockholm is limited thus property developers want to be able to offer a modern standard that meets the increased requirements and expectations of tenants. Property owners may therefore want to demolish their older properties in order to be able to design new, more adapted buildings. At the same time, the construction sector accounts for a large part of all waste and all emissions in Sweden. If it is possible to reduce the construction sector's total generated waste by reusing the already built environment, large amounts of emissions can be avoided. However, there is little documented knowledge about reuse in property development where the focus is on reuse of the property's existing building(s), with the aim of utilizing and reusing as much as possible of the "already existing on site". The purpose of the study is to contribute to the overall knowledge about the reuse of existing buildings as an alternative to demolition in property development of commercial buildings. With a focus on construction as well as architectural and cultural-historical aspects, the goal is to investigate what challenges exist with the renewal of existing buildings as an alternative to demolition in property development of commercial buildings from the 20th century in Stockholm's inner city and discuss how challenges can be managed. To achieve the goals of the study, literature studies have been combined with interviews. An initial literature study was conducted about demolition and renewal at an overall level. The initial literature study was the basis for the interview study. Interviews were conducted with 11 respondents from different professional roles. The respondents consisted of four constructors, a property developer, a building antiquarian, two sustainability consultants, a plumbing consultant and two architects, one of whom worked as an administrative architect, and one worked as an accessibility consultant. Challenges with the reuse of existing buildings as alternatives to demolition that frequently arose during the interviews were analyzed and categorized into different areas. These areas were Energy and Environment, Installations, Construction, Low floor heights, Windows and light entry, Attractiveness and flexibility as well as Cultural-historical values. When challenges were categorized in the previously mentioned areas, an in-depth literature study was carried out adapted to challenges with the reuse of existing buildings as an alternative demolition in these areas. Based on conducted interviews and studied literature, three areas were particularly challenging, Low floor heights, Installations and Cultural-historical values. Low floor heights were challenging as it is controlled by the existing frame which can be difficult to adjust. New legal requirements and people's well-being are important to keep in mind where low floor height contradicts both factors. Installations were challenging because today's requirements for air flow are higher than before. Shafts and ducts need to be expanded to adapt to today's air flows, which is difficult to fit in existing buildings. Installations have a clear connection to low floor heights because expansion of duct dimensions requires more space between floors and ceilings. Today's demands of air flows can, however, be achieved by replacing existing systems or increasing the number of ventilation rooms, which can reduce the impact on floor heights. Cultural-historical values ​​challenged the recycling of buildings because the values ​​can be found in details such as windows, heating and ventilation systems, all of which are components that may need to be replaced when reusing an existing building. Preservation of cultural-historical values ​​can be difficult to combine with changes that improve energy performance. Preservation of cultural-historical values ​​is best handled by collaborating with antiquarians early in the process and implementing careful changes. Interviews and literature showed that challenges in the remaining areas were easier to handle. Challenges in Energy and environment were handling materials and high energy use. Challenges in construction concerned increased loads, which could be handled with reinforcement, which entailed a large financial cost. Windows and daylight challenged the reuse of existing buildings if windows were not insulated enough or so small that there was poor light entry. It could be handled by replacing windows or opening the facade, which becomes costly. Attractiveness and flexibility were challenging because there are high expectations from tenants and high ambitions among property owners for buildings in central cities. Properties are adapted to specific needs and therefore difficult to change according to new needs through redevelopment. Expectations can be managed by more people being informed about recycling and that it becomes somewhat attractive to use recycled buildings instead of newly produced ones. In the case of new construction of properties, it may be important to adapt the buildings for reuse, for example by creating greater flexibility in the buildings. An overall conclusion from the study is that challenges with reuse of existing buildings as an alternative to demolition based on architectural, cultural-historical and constructional aspects are in several cases correlated. The interaction is important to consider so that the handling of a challenge does not risk generating consequences in the form of new challenges. The thesis therefore suggests that the issue of recycling as an alternative to demolition must be addressed regarding how challenges based on different aspects interact and thus can best be handled. The architectural, cultural-historical and construction challenges that are most difficult to deal with are those that strongly motivate demolition, based on the parts of the building that are fundamental, are connected to each other, contradict each other and challenge each other.

This study was designed to examine the responses of four veteran teachers with 15 or more years of teaching experience as they moved through a beginning technology staff development program. The purpose of the study was to examine what factors have caused some teachers to wait until mid-career to take a beginning course in computer technology, determine what veteran teachers feel are successful computer technology professional development strategies, and to examine the resulting changes that a veteran teacher makes in classroom computer use. The study followed teachers from pre-instruction to instruction to one month after the staff development using interviews, journals and e-mail questionnaires. Taking as a starting point change theory literature, a grounded theory of the Five Universes that influence veteran teachers was defined. The study concluded with eight recommendations for future technology staff development programs for veteran teachers.

Text messaging, e-mail, instant messaging, and social networking sites are changing the way people interact with each other. The popularity of these communication technologies among emerging adults in particular has grown exponentially, with little accompanying research to understand their influences on psychosocial development. This study explores the relationship between communication technology usage (text messaging, e-mail, instant messaging, and social networking) and adolescent adjustment among 268 high school students. It was hypothesized that use of communication technology would be related to psychological adjustment, including identity development, relationship attachment and peer conflict. Participants were recruited from three public high schools in central Florida (69% female, 81.9% White). Time spent using communication technology was significantly correlated with psychological symptom severity (i.e. anxiety and depression), identity distress, peer aggression, and existential anxiety. It was also significantly but negatively correlated with relationship avoidance. Degree of usage of communication technology for interpersonal communication was significantly correlated with peer aggression, relationship anxiety, and existential anxiety. Those with a preoccupied style (high in relationship anxiety, low in relationship avoidance) spent significantly more time using communication technology than those in the dismissive (high in avoidance, low in anxiety), fearful (high in both), and secure (low in both) styles. Further analyses and their implications for adolescent development will be discussed.

Through four case studies of technological systems - optical tracking of satellites, sounding rockets, instructional television through a geosynchronous satellite, and a launch vehicle--I explore the origins and development of the Indian space program from 1955 through 1976, a period critical in shaping the program's identity and its relationship to the state. Institutionalized, and constructed in different geographic regions of India, these systems were embedded in the broader political, economic, and social life of the country and served as nodes around which existing and new scientific and technological communities were formed. These organic, highly networked communities in turn negotiated and developed a space program to meet the social and strategic demands of a new modernizing nation state. That modernizing program was, in turn, embedded in a broader set of scientific, technological and political relationships with industrialized countries, above all the United States. The United States' cooperation with India began with the establishment of tracking stations for plotting the orbits of artificial satellites. Cognizant of the contributions made by Indian scientists in the field of astronomy and meteorology, a scientific tradition that stretched back several decades, the officials and the scientific community at NASA, along with their Indian counterparts outlined a cooperative program that focused on the mutual exploration of the tropical space for scientific data. This initial collaboration gradually expanded and more advanced space application projects brought the two democratic countries, in spite of some misgivings, closer together in the common cause of using space sciences and technologies for developing India. In the process India and the United States ended up coproducing a space program that responded to the ambitions of the postcolonial scientific and political elite of India. The global Cold War and the ambiguities, desires and tensions of a postcolonial nation-state vying for leadership among the newly decolonized states in the Afro-Asian region are critical for understanding the origins and the trajectory of India's space program. Without this political context and the construction of a transnational web of relationships, it is highly unlikely that the Indian scientific and technological elite, along with their industrial and political partners, would have succeeded in putting India on the space map of the world.

This study will discuss with the transition of China¡¦s technology innovation system before and after ¡§Open door policy¡¨. Because I want to know how many characters between those two phases? Why China chose transition before ¡§Open door policy¡¨? When China upgrades their innovative capabilities, do any factors affect outcomes? This study will use more macroscopic to face transition of China¡¦s technology innovation system since established PRC. To survey the institution and interaction between governments, research institutes, universities, native companies and foreign-invested companies. Finally, this study consider that China¡¦s achievement is not clearly because the shortage of talent, basic research capability between research institute is weak, government have ¡§strong control¡¨ in this system, the market mechanism is not maturity so that Chinese native companies do not have skilful in innovation. Consequently, China¡¦s technology innovation system seems to have long way to go.

BACKGROUND—Over 25,000 UBC students over the age of 18 have a Facebook account. The Digital Tattoo Project’s goal is to help these and other students become aware of their rights and responsibilities as creators and consumers of digital information in their personal, academic and professional lives. PRESENTATION—This Digital Tattoo presentation was one of several presentations delivered at the Canadian e-Learning Conference Program 2009 held on June 17-19, 2009 at the University of British Columbia. For more information, please visit the Canadian e-Learning Conference Program 2009 website at: http://celc.sites.olt.ubc.ca/.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar, duma forma geral, a produção de conhecimento em Moçambique, tendo em conta fatores educacionais e sócioculturais, perceber de que forma os mesmos influenciam a produção de conhecimento no país. O trabalho não pretende avaliar as políticas educacionais e de ciência e tecnologia, mas partindo delas buscou-se elaborar uma análise sociológica da relação que existe entre o papel da educação e os fatores sociais e culturais na produção de conhecimento e da relevância da ciência e tecnologia para o desenvolvimento do país. Apesar da ênfase dada, em termos de políticas, à importância da ciência e tecnologia para o desenvolvimento, as ações práticas demonstram que o habitus existente no sistema de ensino, condicionado por uma herança colonial onde o conhecimento era transmitido de forma limitada e, pela ausência duma cultura científica que afeta o sistema de ciência e tecnologia e certos segmentos da sociedade moçambicana, contribui para a manutenção duma visão de pouca relevância da atividade científica e tecnológica para o desenvolvimento do país. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar, duma forma geral, a produção de conhecimento em Moçambique, tendo em conta fatores educacionais e sócioculturais, perceber de que forma os mesmos influenciam a produção de conhecimento no país. O trabalho não pretende avaliar as políticas educacionais e de ciência e tecnologia, mas partindo delas buscou-se elaborar uma análise sociológica da relação que existe entre o papel da educação e os fatores sociais e culturais na produção de conhecimento e da relevância da ciência e tecnologia para o desenvolvimento do país. Apesar da ênfase dada, em termos de políticas, à importância da ciência e tecnologia para o desenvolvimento, as ações práticas demonstram que o habitus existente no sistema de ensino, condicionado por uma herança colonial onde o conhecimento era transmitido de forma limitada e, pela ausência duma cultura científica que afeta o sistema de ciência e tecnologia e certos segmentos da sociedade moçambicana, contribui para a manutenção duma visão de pouca relevância da atividade científica e tecnológica para o desenvolvimento do país.