Os efeitos de borda e a alteração da estrutura das paisagens constituem consequências negativas da fragmentação florestal responsáveis por transformações nos processos ecológicos. Decorrentes da expansão desordenada de atividades antrópicas, estas alterações podem comprometer o futuro dos remanescentes florestais e a manutenção dos recursos naturais na superfície terrestre. Nesta dissertação a dinâmica da vegetação arbórea foi analisada em oito transectos perpendiculares às bordas de seis remanescentes florestais entre 1996 e 2012. As paisagens do entorno destes transectos foram caracterizadas a partir de imagens orbitais de 1995 e 2011 para a verificação das mudanças ocorridas no uso do solo e para a investigação da influência de seus parâmetros físicos e estruturais sobre as taxas de mortalidade e recrutamento de espécies. Os resultados indicaram que, ao longo do tempo, a influência das bordas se pronunciou em direção ao interior dos remanescentes florestais, enquanto que o contraste entre a borda e o interior se atenuou. A distância média da borda das espécies: pioneiras/iniciais, anemocóricas e de dossel foi significativamente maior em 2012 do que em 1996. A comunidade arbórea apresentou menor similaridade em sua composição ao longo do tempo a menores distâncias da borda. Apesar da dinâmica verificada no uso do solo, a proporcionalidade dos parâmetros físicos e estruturais das paisagens se manteve entre 1995 e 2011. De maneira geral, estes parâmetros apresentaram pouca influência sobre a dinâmica da comunidade arbórea. Apenas as taxas de mortalidade das espécies exóticas e as taxas de recrutamento das espécies pioneiras/inicias apresentam forte relação com o tamanho e o número dos fragmentos florestais nas paisagens. Estes resultados indicam que os efeitos de borda precisam ser atenuados e que o contexto das paisagens deve ser incorporado às estratégias conservacionistas para que estas sejam efetivas e o futuro dos remanescentes florestais não seja comprometido. / Edge effects and landscape structure alterations are among the negative consequences of forest fragmentation responsible for ecological process alterations on the earths surface. Originated from the disordered expansion of anthropogenic activities these alterations may endanger the remaining forest patches future and the maintenance of natural resources. This dissertation was pledged to analyze the vegetation dynamics at forest edges and its relations with landscape features. The vegetation dynamics was examined through eight perpendicular-to-edge transects within six forest patches and the alterations on the arboreal community distribution and composition were assessed between 1996 and 2012. The surrounding landscapes of the analyzed transects were characterized from 1995 and 2011 orbital images and its land use changes were evaluated. Landscape structure and physical parameters influence were analyzed over species recruitment and mortality. The results indicated that the distance of edge influence increased over time while its magnitude was attenuated. The average distance from the edge of pioneer/earlysuccessional species, wind-dispersed and canopy species in 2012 became significantly larger than in 1996. Over time lower similarities in species composition were found to be closer to the edges. Although the observed land use changes in the surrounding landscapes of the edge transects landscape structure and physical parameters proportionality was maintained between 1995 and 2011. Overall the arboreal community dynamics were poorly associated with landscape features. A strong relation of the variables was only found between the exotic and pioneer/early-successional species mortality and recruitment and the size and the amount of forest patches within the landscapes. These results indicate that to be effective conservation planning must tackled edge effects and incorporate the landscape context otherwise they will fail for the maintenance of the future of forest patches.

Consideramos uma base de dados hospitalares constituída por informações sobre vítimas de causas externas atendidas no Pronto Socorro do Hospital Municipal Dr. Arthur Ribeiro de Saboya, no período de 01/01/02 a 11/01/03, e registradas pelo Núcleo de Atenção à Vítima de Violência deste hospital. O conjunto de dados foi avaliado sob duas abordagens: a temporal, onde estudamos o numero de eventos ao longo do tempo, e a espacial, onde consideramos a localização geográfica dos eventos. Utilizamos uma modelagem estatística baseada em processos pontuais e técnicas de ondaletas para estimar a intensidade temporal ou espacial, isto é, o numero esperado de eventos por unidade de área (na abordagem espacial) ou tempo (na abordagem temporal). Fatores como sexo, faixa etária e tipo de evento (acidentes ou agressões) também foram considerados na análise. Na análise temporal, os resultados indicam que o número esperado de ocorrências em homens é significantemente maior do que em mulheres ao longo do período de observação. O mesmo ocorre com o numero esperado de acidentes quando comparado com o de agressões. As faixas etárias que compreendem as idades de 0 a 14 anos, 15 a 29 anos, 30 a 59 anos e 60 anos ou mais também apresentam números esperados de casos significantemente diferentes entre si. Na análise espacial, escolhemos uma região do Município de São Paulo, nas proximidades do Hospital Saboya, e elaboramos mapas onde é possível identificar geograficamente os locais onde as ocorrências são mais frequentes. A intensidade estimada para o total de eventos indica uma distribuição espacial não homogênea, com grande concentração de eventos principalmente nos distritos do Jabaquara e Cidade Ademar, além de valores altos ao longo das avenidas Bandeirantes, Jabaquara e Cupecê. As intensidades espaciais relativas às agressões a homens e a mulheres, separadamente, apresentam distribuições não homogêneas. Os locais com maiores riscos de agressões a mulheres parecem estar localizados em regiões mais afastadas das grandes avenidas da região. Quando consideramos os acidentes de trânsito e de transporte para cada dia da semana, a análise indicou uma distribuição espacial e temporal heterogênea, com intensidades estimadas maiores nos fins de semana e menores na segunda e terça-feira / We consider a data set with information on victims that were assisted at the emergency room of the Dr. Arthur Ribeiro de Saboya Municipal Hospital, S~ao Paulo, Brazil, from January 1, 2002 to January 11, 2003. We analyze the data chronologically (number of events along time) and spatially (geographical location). The statistical modelling is based on point processes and wavelet techniques to estimate both temporal and spatial intensities, that is, the expected numbers of events by unit time or unit area. The results indicate that the expected number of events is greater for men than for women along the whole observation period. The same is true for the expected number of accidents and that of aggressions, the former being consistently greater than the latter. The expected numbers of events for different age groups (0 to 14, 15 to 29, 30 to 59 and 60 or more) are significantly different. A neighborhood of Saboya Hospital was considered for spatial analysis, according to which it is possible to identify regions where occurrences are most frequent. The spatial distribution of the number of events is non homogeneous with high concentration mostly on Jabaquara and Cidade Ademar districts and along some big avenues (Bandeirantes, Jabaquara and Cupec^e avenues). Spatial non homogeneity of intensities is also observed for both aggressions to men and to women. The regions with the highest risks of aggression to women seam to be located away from the big avenues. When considering traffic and transport accidents separately by each day of the week, the analysis has shown both time and spatial non homogeneous distributions of events with highest estimated intensities during weekends and lowest ones on Monday and Tuesday

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-26T19:30:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Stelmo.pdf: 9433038 bytes, checksum: 2b73bb4f0f32aec1145044fb676465e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T19:30:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Stelmo.pdf: 9433038 bytes, checksum: 2b73bb4f0f32aec1145044fb676465e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-17 / Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer around the world. Temporal evaluation has become a very useful tool when to whoever needs to analyze a lung lesion. The analysis occurs when a malignant lesion is under treatment or when there are indeterminate lesions, but they are probably benign. The objective from this work is to develop computational methods to detect, quantify and analyze local and global density changes of pulmonary lesions over time. Thus, it were developed four groups of methods to perform this task. The rst identi es local density changes and it has been denominated voxel-based. The second one is composed of the Jensen divergence and the hypothesis test with global and local approaches. Similarly, the third group has only one method, the principal component analysis. The last group has one method, it has been denominated modi ed quality threshold, and identi es the local density changes. In order to reach the objectives, it was proposed a methodology composed of ve steps: The rst step consists in image acquisition of the lesion at various instants. Two image databases were acquired and two models of lesions were created to evaluate the methods. The rst database has 24 lesions under treatment (public database) and the second has 13 benign nodules (private database) in monitoring. The second step refers to rigid registration of the lesion images. The next step is to apply the proposed four groups of methods. As a result, the second group of methods detected more density changes than the fourth group, which in turn, this latter detected more regions than the rst group and this more than the third group, for the public database. For the private database, the fourth group of density change methods detected more regions than the rst group. The third group detected few regions of changes when compared to the rst group and the second group had the lowest number of detected regions. In addition to the density changes found, the proposed classi cation model with texture features had accuracy above 98% in the diagnosis prediction. The results state that there are changes in both databases. However, the detected changes for each group of methods have di erent intensity and location to the databases. This conclusion is based from high accuracy that was obtained from the prediction of the lesion diagnosis from both databases. / O câncer de pulmão é um dos tipos de câncer de maior incidência no mundo. A avaliação temporal aparece como ferramenta bastante útil quando se deseja analisar uma lesão. A análise pode ocorrer quando uma lesão maligna está em tratamento ou quando surgem lesões indeterminadas, mas essas são provavelmente benignas. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver métodos computacionais para detectar, quantifi car e analisar mudanças de densidade locais e globais das lesões pulmonares ao longo do tempo. Desta forma, foram desenvolvidos quatro conjuntos de métodos para realização da tarefa de detectar mudanças de densidade em lesões pulmonares. O primeiro conjunto identifi ca mudanças de densidade locais e foi denominado de métodos baseados em voxel. O segundo conjunto é composto da divergência de Jensen e do teste de hipótese com abordagens locais e globais. Com o mesmo propósito de detectar mudanças de densidade locais em lesões pulmonares, o terceiro conjunto possui um único método, a análise de componentes principais. O último conjunto também possui um único método, denominado de quality threshold modi ficado e identifi ca as mudanças locais de densidade. Para cumprir o objetivo deste trabalho, propõe-se uma metodologia composta de cinco etapas. A primeira etapa consiste na aquisição das imagens da lesão em diversos instantes. Duas bases de lesões foram utilizadas e dois modelos de lesões foram propostos para avaliação dos métodos. A primeira base possui 24 lesões em tratamento (base pública) e a segunda possui 13 nódulos benignos (base privada) em acompanhamento. A segunda etapa corresponde ao registro rígido das imagens da lesão. A próxima etapa é a aplicação dos quatro conjuntos de métodos propostos. Como resultado, o segundo conjunto de métodos detectou mais mudanças de densidade que o quarto conjunto, que por sua vez, este ultimo detectou mais regões que o primeiro conjunto e este mais que o terceiro conjunto, para a base pública de lesões. Em relação a base privada, o quarto conjunto de métodos detectou mais regiões de mudança de densidade que o primeiro conjunto. O terceiro conjunto detectou menos regiões de mudança quando comparado ao primeiro conjunto e o segundo conjunto teve o menor n úmero de regiões detectadas. Em adição às mudanças de densidade encontradas, o modelo de classi ficação proposto com medidas clássicas de textura para predição do diagnóstico da lesão teve acurácia acima de 98%. Os resultados encontrados indicam que existem mudanças de densidade em ambas as bases de lesões pulmonares. Entretanto, as mudanças detectadas por cada um dos métodos propostos possuem características de intensidade e localização diferentes em ambas as bases. Essa conclusão é motivada pela alta acurácia obtida em seu diagnóstico para as bases utilizadas.

Land degradation is one of the most important drivers of landscape change around the globe. This dissertation examines land use-land cover change within a mosaic landscape in Eastern Terai, India, and shows evidence of anthropogenic factors contributing to landscape change. Land use and land cover change were examined within the Alipurduar Subdivision, a representative of the Eastern Terai landscape and the Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, a protected area nested within Alipurduar through the use of multi-temporal satellite data over the past 28 years (1978 - 2006). This study establishes the potential of remote sensing technology to identify the drivers of landscape change; it provides an assessment of how regional drivers of landscape change influence the change within smaller local study extents and provides a methodology to map different types of grassland and monitor their loss within the region. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and a Normalized Difference Dry Index (NDDI) were found instrumental in change detection and the classification of different grasslands found inside the park based on their location, structure, and composition. Successful spectral segregation of different types of grasslands and their direct association with different grassland specialist species (e.g., hispid hare, hog deer, Bengal florican) clearly showed the potential of remote sensing technology to efficiently monitor these grasslands and assist in species conservation. Temporal analysis provided evidence of the loss of dense forest and grasslands within both study areas with a considerably higher rate of loss outside the protected area than inside. Results show a decline of forest from 40% in 1978 to 25% in 2006 across Alipurduar. Future trends project forest cover and grassland within Alipurduar to reduce to 15% and 5%, respectively. Within the Alipurduar, deforestation due to growth of tea industry was the primary driver of change. Flooding changed the landscape, but more intensely inside the wildlife preserve. Change of the river course inside Jaldapara during the flood of 1968 significantly altered the distribution of grassland inside the park. Unless, the direction of landscape change is altered, future trends predict growth of the tea industry within the region, increased forest loss, and homogenization of the landscape.

This dissertation is concerned with the problem of estimating travel time per links in urban context using sparsely sampled GPS data. One of the challenges in this thesis is use the sparsely sampled data. A part of this research work, i developed a digital map with its new geographic information system (GIS), dealing with map-matching problem, where we come out with an enhancement tecnique, and also the shortest path problem.The thesis research work was conduct within the project PUMAS, which is an avantage for our research regarding the collection process of our data from the real world field and also in making our tests. The project PUMAS (Plate-forme Urbaine de Mobilité Avancée et Soutenable / Urban Platform for Sustainable and Advanced Mobility) is a preindustrial project that has the objective to inform about the traffic situation and also to develop an implement a platform for sustainable mobility in order to evaluate it in the region, specifically Rouen, France. The result is a framework for any traffic controller or manager and also estimation researcher to access vast stores of data about the traffic estimation, forecasting and status.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la reconnaissance de l'activité humaine. Nous commençons par proposer notre propre définition d'une action : une action est une séquence prédéfinie de gestes simples et concaténés. Ainsi, des actions similaires sont composées par les mêmes gestes simples. Chaque réalisation d'une action (enregistrement) est unique. Le corps humain et ses articulations vont effectuer les mêmes mouvements que celles d'un enregistrement de référence, avec des variations d'amplitude et de dynamique ne devant pas dépasser certaines limites qui conduiraient à un changement complet d'action. Pour effectuer nos expérimentations, nous avons capturé un jeu de données contenant des variations de base, puis fusionné certains enregistrements avec d'autres actions pour former un second jeu induisant plus de confusion au cours de la classification. Ensuite, nous avons capturé trois autres jeux contenant des propriétés intéressantes pour nos expérimentations avec la Fusion Tardive Asynchrone (ou Asynchronous Late Fusion notée ALF). Nous avons surmonté le problème des petits jeux non discriminants pour la reconnaissance d'actions en étendant un ensemble d'enregistrements effectués par différentes personnes et capturés par une caméra RGB-D. Nous avons présenté une nouvelle méthode pour générer des enregistrements synthétiques pouvant être utilisés pour l'apprentissage d'algorithmes de reconnaissance de l'activité humaine. La méthode de simulation a ainsi permis d'améliorer les performances des différents classifieurs. Un aperçu général de la classification des données dans un contexte audiovisuel a conduit à l'idée de l'ALF. En effet, la plupart des approches dans ce domaine classifient les flux audio et vidéo séparément, avec des outils différents. Chaque séquence temporelle est analysée séparément, comme dans l'analyse de flux audiovisuels, où la classification délivre des décisions à des instants différents. Ainsi, pour déduire la décision finale, il est important de fusionner les décisions prises séparément, d'où l'idée de la fusion asynchrone. Donc, nous avons trouvé intéressant d'appliquer l'ALF à des séquences temporelles. Nous avons introduit l'ALF afin d'améliorer la classification temporelle appliquée à des algorithmes de fusion tardive tout en justifiant l'utilisation d'un modèle asynchrone lors de la classification des données temporelles. Ensuite, nous avons présenté l'algorithme de l'ALF et les paramètres utilisés pour l'optimiser. Enfin, après avoir mesuré les performances de classifications avec différents algorithmes et jeux de données, nous avons montré que l'ALF donne de meilleurs résultats qu'une solution synchrone simple. Etant donné qu'il peut être difficile d'identifier les jeux de données compatibles avec l'ALF, nous avons construit des indicateurs permettant d'en extraire des informations statistiques. / In this thesis, we took interest in human action recognition. Thus, it was important to define an action. We proposed our own definition: an action is a predefined sequence of concatenated simple gestures. The same actions are composed of the same simple gestures. Every performance of an action (recording) is unique. Hence, the body and the joints will perform the same movements as the reference recording, with changes of dynamicity of the sequence and amplitude in the DOF. We note that the variations in the amplitude and dynamicity must not exceed certain boundaries in order not to lead to entirely different actions. For our experiments, we captured a dataset composed of actions containing basic variations. We merged some of those recordings with other actions to form a second dataset, consequently inducing more confusion than the previous one during the classification. We also captured three other datasets with properties that are interesting for our experimentations with the ALF (Asynchronous Late Fusion). We overcame the problem of non-discriminatory actions datasets for action recognition by enlarging a set of recordings performed by different persons and captured by an RGB-D camera. We presented a novel method for generating synthetic recordings, for training action recognition algorithms. We analyzed the parameters of the method and identified the most appropriate ones, for the different classifiers. The simulation method improved the performances while classifying different datasets. A general overview of data classification starting from the audio-visual context led to the ALF idea. In fact, most of the approaches in the domain classify sound and video streams separately with different tools. Every temporal sequence from a recording is analyzed distinctly, as in audiovisual stream analysis, where the classification outputs decisions at various time instants. Therefore, to infer the final decision, it is important to fuse the decisions that were taken separately, hence the idea of the asynchronous fusion. As a result, we found it interesting to implement the ALF in temporal sequences. We introduced the ALF model for improving temporal events classification applied on late fusion classification algorithms. We showed the reason behind the use of an asynchronous model when classifying datasets with temporal properties. Then, we introduced the algorithm behind the ALF and the parameters used to tune it. Finally, according to computed performances from different algorithms and datasets, we showed that the ALF improves the results of a simple Synchronous solution in most of the cases. As it can be difficult for the user of the ALF solution to determine which datasets are compatible with the ALF, we built indicators to compare the datasets by extracting statistical information from the recordings. We developed indexes: the ASI and the ASIP, combined into a final index (the ASIv) to provide information concerning the compatibility of the dataset with the ALF. We evaluated the performances of the ALF on the segmentation of action series and compared the results between synchronous and ALF solutions. The method that we proposed increased the performances. We analyzed the human movement and gave a general definition of an action. Later, we improved this definition and proposed a "visual definition" of an action. With the aid of the ALF model, we focus on the parts and joints of an action that are the most discriminant and display them in an image. In the end, we proposed multiple paths as future studies. The most important ones are : - Working on a process to find the ALF's number of parts using the ASIv. - Reducing the complexity by finding the discriminant joints and features thanks to the ALF properties - Studying the MD-DTW features in-depth since the algorithm depends on the choice of the features - Implementing a DNN for comparison purposes - Developing the confidence coefficient.

Limited systematic research has investigated how conflict events shape the spatial-temporal variation of insurgent violence against civilians. Although previous research has investigated how degrees of territorial control relate to general levels of violence against civilians, it remains largely an open question how the dynamics within territorial control determine violence against civilians by insurgents. This study aims to address this gap by hypothesizing that (1) insurgents become more likely to commit fatal violence against civilians, and (2) kill more civilians in contested areas when they lose territorial control. The Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset (ACLED) was used along with Peace Research Institute Oslo’s (PRIO) GRID Dataset to create a novel data frame of all territorially contested area-weeks on the African continent between 1997 and 2017 (n = 3035). Contrary to theoretical expectations, logistic regressions indicate a lower risk of insurgent violence against civilians in contested areas following an insurgent territorial loss than following a break-even. Zero-inflated negative binomial regressions moreover tentatively indicate that insurgents kill more civilians following territorial wins in the short-term, and following territorial loss in the long-term. These results suggest that proactive counterinsurgency campaigns are in the interest of civilians in civil war.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of the research was to make temporal and spatial analysis of land use, in Pirapó-RS, through the use of geotechnologies. The methodology was basically divided into 5 steps: in the first step, diagnoses of land use were made considering the years 1975, 1991 and 2005; in the second step, the land use was monitored taking into consideration the last 30 years; in the third step, an evaluation of the potential land use was made; in the fourth step, the conflict areas of potential land use and the land use in 2005 were monitored; and, in the last step, these results were spatialized and quantified through the signature process. In the first step, Remote Sensing was used, and, in the other ones, Geoprocessing was used. The results demonstrate that a great change happened in the last 30 years considering the land use in the area of study, and that there are some land uses more intense than the recommended use. These factors can contribute to soil deterioration in few years. / A pesquisa objetivou realizar análises temporais e espaciais do uso da terra no município de Pirapó RS, com emprego de Geotecnologias. A metodologia foi dividida em cinco etapas: na primeira etapa foram realizados diagnósticos de uso da terra considerando os anos de 1975, 1991 e 2005; na segunda etapa foi utilizado o processo de monitoria para verificar as mudanças de uso da terra nos últimos 30 anos; na terceira etapa foi realizada uma avaliação de uso da terra potencial; na quarta etapa foram apontadas áreas de conflito entre uso da terra potencial e uso da terra em 2005; na última etapa foram quantificados todos os resultados por processo de assinatura. A primeira etapa foi realizada por meio do Sensoriamento Remoto e as demais por meio do Geoprocessamento. Os resultados demonstram que houve grandes mudanças na utilização das terras no município de Pirapó - RS nos últimos 30 anos, e ainda, que existem usos da terra mais intensos do que o recomendado. Esses fatores podem levar a deterioração do solo em poucos anos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueRD_DISSERT.pdf: 2642675 bytes, checksum: dc5266cdb82cb1eb696b408a316b8e91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The processes of occupation and evolution of natural environments as a result of a disorderly process of implementing economic practices agrosilvopastoris play today an important role in the degradation process of changing the landscape and natural resources of the semiarid Northeast. The Serra de Santana has natural elements important to the state of Rio Grande do Norte as the source of the Potengi. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the degree of degradation in the municipality of Cerro Cora - RN. We used satellite images Landsat-5 and census data for the year 2008. The method made use of geotechnology which includes land use, NDVI, rainfall, livestock and erodibility in the evaluation of environmental degradation, as well as satellite images of Landsat TM-5, in the years 1984, 1995 and 2008, letters of NDVI, census data regarding the socioeconomic obtained from IBGE. The results showed that the absolute majority in the municipality of Cerro Cora has a low to medium susceptibility, which together represent 63.92% of the municipality, with a regression of disturbed areas and the areas of agriculture, and a recovery of the areas of Caatinga , coming to occupy currently 92% of the municipal territory. A Geographic Information System is indispensable to environmental monitoring of Cerro Cora / RN / Os processos de ocupa??o e evolu??o dos ambientes naturais em decorr?ncia de um processo desordenado de implementa??o de pr?ticas econ?micas agrosilvopastoris, desempenham at? hoje um papel determinante de degrada??o no processo de mudan?a da paisagem e dos recursos naturais do Semi?rido Brasileiro. A Serra de Santana apresenta elementos naturais importantes para o estado do Rio Grande do Norte como a nascente do rio Potengi. Para tanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o grau de degrada??o no munic?pio de Cerro Cor? - RN. Foram utilizadas imagens de sat?lite Landsat-5 e dados censit?rios referentes ao ano de 2008. Como m?todo fez-se uso de geotecnologias que contemplam uso do solo, NDVI, precipita??o, pecu?ria e erodibilidade na avalia??o da degrada??o ambiental, bem como imagens do sat?lite Landsat TM-5, nos anos de 1984, 1995 e 2008, cartas de NDVI, dados censit?rio referentes ? dados socioecon?micos obtidos no IBGE. Os resultados mostraram que em sua maioria absoluta o munic?pio de Cerro Cor? apresenta uma susceptibilidade de baixa ? m?dia, que juntos representam 63,92% do munic?pio, havendo uma regress?o das ?reas antropizadas e das ?reas de agricultura, e uma recupera??o das ?reas de Caatinga, chegando esta a ocupar atualmente 92% do territ?rio municipal. Um sistema de informa??o Geogr?fica torna-se indispens?vel no monitoramento ambiental de Cerro Cor?/RN

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-22T09:43:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Renato de Assis Ribeiro - 2014.pdf: 2069468 bytes, checksum: 012e254e859b9e44e2da79eeeabb5c1e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-22T09:46:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Renato de Assis Ribeiro - 2014.pdf: 2069468 bytes, checksum: 012e254e859b9e44e2da79eeeabb5c1e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-22T09:46:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Renato de Assis Ribeiro - 2014.pdf: 2069468 bytes, checksum: 012e254e859b9e44e2da79eeeabb5c1e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work was developed with the objective of making a temporal analysis of some actual circumstances of the city of Iporá, using mathematical modeling, Interpolation and Curve Fitting by Least Squares Method. Theoretical contributions concerning the proposed methods are presented in order to enhance the knowledge on the subjects. The applications were performed using as examples situations in the everyday of the city of Iporá, namely deaths due to cancer, number of students in the Basic Education, growth of the vehicle eet, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), water consumption and population dynamics iporaense. After this process, it was concluded that the interpolation and the Least Squares Method they are two extremely useful means for modeling cases where it is necessary to nd the approximation functions. The temporal analysis, from these functions, enables to estimate, discuss possibilities and prospects, generating a critical review for each studied episode. Thus, the mathematics and in particular the methods discussed can be devices to alert and to educate, assisting in the decision making and political interventions. The work also shows that there is applicability of Interpolation and Curve Fitting by Least Squares Method in High School, which can be enriched by modeling of everyday problems. / Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de fazer uma análise temporal de algumas circunstâncias reais do município de Iporá, usando a modelagem matemática, a Interpola ção e o Ajuste de Curvas pelo Método dos Quadrados Mínimos. Aportes teóricos referentes aos métodos propostos são apresentados com a nalidade de aprimorar os conhecimentos sobre os assuntos. As aplicações foram realizadas tomando como exemplos situações presentes no cotidiano da cidade de Iporá, a saber: óbitos provocados por câncer, número de alunos no Ensino Básico, crescimento da frota de veículos, Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), consumo de água e dinâmica populacional iporaense. Após todo esse processo, concluiu-se que a Interpolação e o Ajuste de Curvas pelo Método dos Quadrados Mínimos são dois recursos extremamente úteis para a modelagem de casos, nos quais seja necessário encontrar funções de aproximação. A análise temporal, a partir dessas funções, permite fazer estimativas, discutir possibilidades e perspectivas, gerando uma avaliação crítica para cada episódio estudado. Desse modo, a matemática e em especial os métodos abordados podem ser artifícios para alertar e conscientizar, auxiliando no despertar de atitudes e políticas de intervenções. O trabalho mostra ainda que existe aplicabilidade da Interpolação e do Ajuste de Curvas pelo Método dos Quadrados Mínimos no Ensino Médio, que pode ser enriquecida pela modelagem de problemas cotidianos.