Spelling suggestions: "subject:"terahertz spectroscopy"" "subject:"erahertz spectroscopy""
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Application de la spectroscopie térahertz à la détection de substances sensibles / Ultra broadband terahertz time domain spectroscopy - security applicationArmand, Damien 07 July 2011 (has links)
Pour répondre aux questions que pose la faisabilité d’un dispositif de détection d’explosifsà l’aide de la technologie de spectroscopie térahertz, cette thèse a exploré troisaxes. Le premier a consisté à établir une base de données des signatures spectrales (indiceet absorption) d’une large gamme de matériaux d’intérêt pour ce type d’applications,à partir des données expérimentales que nous avons mesurées par spectroscopie dans ledomaine temporel. Nous avons identifié les matériaux montrant une signature spectralesignificative et nous avons aussi étudié l’effet des matériaux de dissimulation.Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, nous avons conçu et construit un banc de spectroscopieultra-large bande destiné à une meilleure identification spectrale des substances. Nousavons identifié les limites techniques de ce type de banc et donné les pistes pour atteindreles performances désirées.Ensuite, nous avons développé et validé un banc de spectroscopie en réflexion, de typegoniométrique, afin de détecter des signaux térahertz diffusés par des matériaux hétérogènes.Finalement, nous avons étudié les plasmons de surface dans le domaine térahertz, en vuede la détection de très faibles quantités de matière. / This PhD work was performed in view of using terahertz electromagnetic signals forthe detection and identification of dangerous and prohibited substances. In a first stage,a database of the terahertz properties (namely refractive index and absorption) of thesesubstances was created from the measurements we performed using terahertz time-domainspectroscopy. Then a large bandwidth terahertz time-domain set up has been built, togetherwith a goniometric-type set up that allows us recording signals scattered by roughor heterogeneous samples. Finally, we studied the excitation and propagation of surfaceplasmons in the terahertz domain, which may be used for the detection of small amountsof matter.
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Studium ultrarychlé odezvy elektronů v nanostrukturovaných a neuspořádaných polovodičových systémech pomocí časově rozlišené terahertzové spektroskopie / Ultrafast response of electrons in nanostructured and disordered semiconductor systems studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopyZajac, Vít January 2017 (has links)
of Doctoral Thesis Title: Ultrafast response of electrons in nanostructured and disordered semiconductor systems studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy Author: Vít Zajac Department / Institute: Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: doc. RNDr. Petr Kužel, Ph.D., Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Abstract: This thesis deals with charge transport in semiconducting nanomaterials on the picosecond time scale studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. The problematics of the effective response of composite materials is reviewed and the VBD effective medium model is formulated. The wave equation for the THz probing pulse propagating through inhomogeneously excited percolated and non-percolated semiconducting nanomaterials is solved. This theory is used to investigate charge transport in samples of nanoporous-Si-derived nanocrystals and in epitaxial Si nanocrystal superlattices. The experimental spectra are successfully modeled with the use of Monte Carlo calculations of charge carrier mobility in nanocrystals of corresponding sizes and degrees of percolation within the VBD approximation. It is found that nanocrystals from different regions of the nanocrystal size distribution of the sample dominate the signal in THz and...
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Time-Domain Terahertz Studies of Strongly Correlated GeV4S8 and Osmate Double-PerovskitesWarren, Matthew Timothy January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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Exploring Nonresonant Interactions in Condensed Matter by Two-Dimensional Terahertz SpectroscopyFolpini, Giulia 01 March 2018 (has links)
Zur Untersuchung nichtlinearer Reaktionen von kondensierten Materie-Systemen wird die multidimensionale Terahertz-Spektroskopie genutzt.
Ein mehrere Oktaven umfassende THz-Quelle, die auf der Frequenzmischung in organischen Kristallen basiert, wird entwickelt und zur Erforschung der Librationsbande von Wasser-Nanotröpfchen in DOPC-Micellen verwendet.
Die nichtresonante THz-Strahlung wird genutzt, um die Emission im mittleren Infrarotbereich eines Intersubband-Übergangs von GaAs-Quantentöpfen kohärent zu steuern.
Schließlich wird die 2D-THz-Spektroskopie verwendet, um die nichtlineare Antwort einer "soft-mode" in einem Aspirin-Molekül-Kristall zu studieren. / Multidimensional Terahertz spectroscopy is used to investigate the nonlinear response of condensed matter systems. A multioctave-spanning THz source based on frequency mixing in organic crystals is developed and used to study the libration band of water nanodroplets confined in DOPC micelles. Nonresonant THz radiation is used to coherently control the mid-infrared emission of an intersubband transition of GaAs quantum wells. Finally, 2D THz spectroscopy is used to study the nonlinear response of a soft mode in an aspirin molecular crystal.
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Physical properties of HgCdTe-based heterostructures : towards terahertz emission and detection / Propriétés physiques d'hétérostructures à base de HgCdTe : vers l'émission et la détection TerahertzKadykov, Aleksandr 29 November 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse présente une étude sur les hétérostructures à base de mercure, cadmium et tellure (HgCdTe ou MCT) pour l'émission et la détection de radiations Térahertz (THz). En raison de leurs propriétés physiques spécifiques, les hétérostructures à base de HgCdTe devraient en effet jouer un rôle important dans les futurs dispositifs Térahertz. Parmi les autres propriétés remarquables de ces structures, les puits quantiques de HgTe/CdTe à l'épaisseur critique (environ 6,3 nm) présentent un état sans gap caractérisé par la relation de dispersion linéaire propre aux fermions Dirac sans masse. Lorsque la largeur du puits quantique dépasse la valeur critique, la structure de la bande s’inverse. Dans ce cas, ces puits deviennent des isolants topologiques bidimensionnels qui passionnent la communauté scientifique depuis une décennie. Cette inversion de bande peut être brisée en variant plusieurs paramètres physiques tels que le champ magnétique ou la température. Ces transitions de phases topologiques pourraient être très intéressantes en vue d’applications à l’électronique haute fréquence et à basse consommation d'énergie.Dans ce travail, l’accent est mis sur des dispositifs munis de grilles et présentant une structure de bande inversée. Premièrement, nous mettons en évidence la possibilité de détecter la lumière incidente Térahertz à des températures cryogéniques. Nous rapportons également une amélioration de la détection Térahertz au voisinage de la transition de phase topologique induite par le champ magnétique et proche du point de neutralité de charge. Deuxièmement, nous observons sans ambiguïté la transition de phase induite par la température entre l'état isolant topologique et l'état isolant de l’effet Hall quantique, par des expériences de magnéto-transport. Ensuite, en utilisant la technique de détection Térahertz non résonnante, nous avons retracé avec succès les niveaux de Landau du puits et défini précisément le champ magnétique critique correspondant à la transition de phase quantique. Nous avons constaté que cette technique Térahertz peut être utilisée dans chaque échantillon avec grille sans besoin de quatre contacts de mesure ni de traitement de données mathématiques.En ce qui concerne les émetteurs Térahertz, nous présentons ici nos résultats sur l'émission stimulée d'hétérostructures de HgCdTe dans leur état semi-conducteur conventionnel à des fréquences supérieures à 30 THz. Nous discutons des mécanismes physiques impliqués et des voies prometteuses vers le domaine de fréquence entre 5 et 15 THz. Malgré le fait que les principaux matériaux pour les lasers solides à grandes longueurs d'ondes sont des hétérostructures basées sur les semi-conducteurs III-V, leurs bandes Reststrahlen rendent cette gamme de fréquences inaccessible pour les lasers à base de III-V (y compris les lasers à cascade quantique) même à des températures cryogéniques. Étant donné que la bande d'absorption du réseau cristallin dans les hétérostructures à base de Hg1-xCdxTe est décalée vers des longueurs d'onde plus grandes, ces composés (avec x <0,21) semblent être très prometteurs en tant que lasers solides Térahertz. / This thesis presents an investigation of mercury-cadmium-telluride (HgCdTe or MCT) based heterostructures for emission and detection of Terahertz (THz) radiations. Due to their specific physical properties, HgCdTe-based heterostructures are indeed expected to play an important role in future terahertz systems. Among other remarkable properties, HgTe/CdTe-based quantum wells (QWs) at the critical thickness (about 6.3 nm), exhibit a gapless state characterized by the linear energy-momentum law of massless Dirac fermions. When the QW width exceeds this critical value, the energy band structure becomes inverted. In this case, these QWs are shown to be two-dimensional topological insulators that attract since the last decade a great fundamental interest. This band inversion can be broken by varying several external physical parameters as magnetic field or temperature. These so-called topological phase transitions could be of high interest for future low-energy consumption and high frequency electronics.Here, focusing on gated devices presenting inverted band ordering, we first evidence the possibility to detect THz incident light at cryogenic temperatures. We also report on an enhancement of the terahertz photoconductive response in the vicinity of the magnetic field driven topological phase transition and close to the charge neutrality point. Secondly, we observed unambiguously the temperature driven phase transition between the topological insulator state and the usual quantum Hall insulator state by magneto-transport experiments. Then, using the non-resonant THz detection technique, we successfully imaged the QWs Landau levels and defined precisely the critical magnetic field corresponding to the quantum phase transition. We found that this THz technique can be used in every gated sample without need neither for four contacts devices nor mathematical data processing.Regarding terahertz emitters, we present here our results on stimulated emission of HgCdTe heterostructures in their conventional semiconductor state above 30 THz, discussing the physical mechanisms involved and promising routes towards the 5–15 THz frequency domain. Despite the fact that the leading materials for long wavelength solid-state lasers are heterostructures based on III-V semiconductors, their Reststrahlen bands makes this frequency range inaccessible for III-V-based lasers (including quantum cascade lasers) even at cryogenic temperatures. Since the lattice absorption band in Hg1-xCdxTe-based heterostructures is shifted to longer wavelengths, these compounds with (x<0.21) seem to be very promising as interband solid-state THz lasers.
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Laditelné materiály a struktury pro terahertzovou spektrální oblast / Tunable materials and structures for terahertz spectral rangeSkoromets, Volodymyr January 2013 (has links)
This thesis is devoted to an experimental study of dielectric properties of incipient fer- roelectrics. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was used to investigate the complex permittivity spectra in both single crystals and various strained thin film structures versus temperature and applied electric bias. Namely, it allowed characterizing the ferroelectric soft-mode dynamics and its coupling to a central mode. An electric-field tunability of bulk single crystals of SrTiO3 was determined up to room temperature for the first time. The phenomenon is governed by soft-mode stiffening under applied field. As an application we proposed and characterized a tunable one-dimensional photonic structure with a thin SrTiO3 plate inserted as a defect layer. The importance of the soft-mode dynamics was stressed also in the study of bulk high density KTaO3 ceramics. A systematic study was performed of a KTaO3 thin film and especially of a set of strained multilayers consisting of SrTiO3/DyScO3 bilayers grown on DyScO3 substrate. Strain-induced ferroelectric transition was observed in these films governed by the soft mode coupled to a lower-frequency relaxation. A general model was developed describing the whole family of the studied samples. Effect of the composition stoichiometry of SrTiO3 films grown on DyScO3 was...
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Development of Techniques in Time Domain Terahertz Spectroscopy for the Study of Chiral and Topological MaterialsJasper, Evan January 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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The Generation of Terahertz Light and its Applications in the Study of Vibrational MotionAlejandro, Aldair 16 April 2024 (has links) (PDF)
Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is a powerful tool that uses ultrashort pulses of light to study the properties of materials on picosecond time scales. THz light can be generated through a variety of methods. In our lab, we generate THz through the process of optical rectification in nonlinear optical (NLO) organic crystals. THz light can be used to study several phenomena in materials, such as spin precession, electron acceleration, vibrational and rotational motion. The work presented in this dissertation is divided into two parts: (1) the generation of THz light and (2) applications of THz light. The first portion of this work shows how THz light is generated, with an emphasis on the generation through optical rectification. We also show how to improve the generation of THz light by creating heterogenous multi-layer structures with yellow organic THz generation crystals. Additionally, we show that crystals used for THz generation can also be used to generate second-harmonic light. In the second half of this work, we show that THz light can be used to study the vibrational motion of molecular systems. We model how resonant vibrational modes in a fluorobenzene molecule can be excited with a multi-THz pump to transfer energy anharmonically to non-resonant modes. We also show that we can use two-dimensional (2D) THz spectroscopy to excite infrared-active vibrational modes and probe Raman-active modes in a CdWO4 crystal to obtain a nonlinear response. We show that the nonlinear response is due to anharmonic coupling between vibrational modes and we can quantify the relative strengths of these anharmonic couplings, which previously was only accessible through first-principles calculations.
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Ultrafast electronic processes at nanoscale organic-inorganic semiconductor interfacesParkinson, Patrick January 2009 (has links)
This thesis is concerned with the influence of nanoscale boundaries and interfaces upon the electronic processes that occur within both organic and inorganic semiconductors. Photoluminescent polymers, highly conducting polymers and nanoscale inorganic semiconductors have been investigated using state-of-the-art ultrafast optical techniques, to provide information on the sub-picosecond photoexcitation dynamics in these systems. The influence of dimensionality on the excitation transfer dynamics in a conjugated polymer blend is studied. Using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, the transfer transients both for a three-dimensional blend film, and for quasi-two-dimensional monolayers formed through intercalation of the polymer blend between the crystal planes of a SnS2 matrix have been measured. A comparison of the experimental data with a simple, dimensionality-dependent model is presented, based on point dipole electronic coupling between electronic transition moments. Within this approximation, the energy transfer dynamics are found to adopt a three-dimensional character in the solid film, and a two-dimensional nature in the monolayers present in the SnS2 -polymer nanocomposite. The time-resolved conductivity of isolated GaAs nanowires has been investigated by optical-pump terahertz-probe time-domain spectroscopy. The electronic response exhibits a pronounced surface plasmon mode that forms within 300 fs, before decaying within 10 ps as a result of charge trapping at the nanowire surface. The mobility has been extracted using the Drude model for a plasmon and is found to be remarkably high, being roughly one third of that typical for bulk GaAs at room-temperature and indicating the high quality and low bulk defect density in the nanowires studied. Finally, the time-resolved conductivity dynamics of photoexcited polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction blends for two model polymers, P3HT and MDMO-PPV, blended with PCBM are presented. The observed terahertz-frequency conductivity is characteristic of dispersive charge transport for photoexcitation both at the π−π* absorption peak (560 nm for P3HT), and significantly below it (800 nm). The photoconductivity at 800 nm is unexpectedly high, which is attributed to the presence of a charge transfer complex. In addition, the excitation-fluence dependence of the photoconductivity is studied over more than four orders of magnitude. The time-averaged photoconductivity of the P3HT:PCBM blend is over 20 times larger than that of P3HT, indicating that long-lived positive polarons are responsible for the high photovoltaic efficiency of polymer:fullerene blends. At early times (~ ps) the linear dependence of photoconductivity upon fluence indicates that interfacial charge transfer dominates as an exciton decay pathway, generating charges with mobility of at least ~0.1cm2 V−1 s−1. At later times, a sub-linear relationship shows that carrier-carrier recombination effects influence the conductivity on a longer timescale (> 1 μs).
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Étude de films de nanotubes de carbone dans le domaine de fréquences térahertz : propriété antiréfléchissanteDekermenjian, Maria 09 1900 (has links)
Les expériences de spectroscopie ont été réalisées en collaboration avec Jean-François Allard du groupe de Denis Morris de l'Université de Sherbrooke. / Le présent projet de maîtrise a pour but d’étudier les interactions optiques des films de nanotubes de carbone (FNTCs) avec les ondes THz. Des expériences d’absorption térahertz faites par spectroscopie THz dans le domaine temporel ont été entreprises sur les films dont l’épaisseur varie. Les films d’épaisseurs allant de 14 à 145 nm, sont des couches minces de nanotubes de carbone (NTCs) empilés les uns sur les autres et sont déposés sur substrats (GaAs et silicium). Une caractérisation comparative des épaisseurs des films est entreprise dans un premier temps par AFM et par ellipsométrie spectroscopique. À cause de la rugosité de la surface et de porosité des films qui compliquent les interactions de la lumière avec les films, les épaisseurs déterminées par AFM sont gardées au détriment de celles d’ellipsométrie. La relation entre les épaisseurs mesurées par AFM en fonction des épaisseurs nominales s’est révélée linéaire. Les couleurs des FNTC sont aussi caractérisées en fonction de leurs épaisseurs. L’expérience d’absorption THz sur les films consiste à enregistrer la transmission d’une impulsion THz à large bande à travers les échantillons. Sur les spectres, on détecte aussi l’impulsion de réflexion, l’écho de réflexion de l’impulsion principale THz à l’intérieur du substrat séparé par un délai temporel. La diminution du pic de l’impulsion principale THz en fonction de l’épaisseur est non linéaire et atteint une saturation pour les films les plus épais. Ce résultat est en lien direct avec les mesures quatre pointes de conductivité dc des films où l’inverse de la résistivité de feuille sature à partir des mêmes épaisseurs de film. L’écho de réflexion de l’impulsion principale à l’intérieur du substrat perd de l’amplitude plus rapidement en fonction de l’épaisseur à cause de près de deux passages supplémentaires de l’impulsion dans le film au moment de la réflexion. Finalement, une disparition de l’impulsion de réflexion à une épaisseur particulière de film (100 nm pour le GaAs et 60 nm pour le Si) démontre les propriétés antiréfléchissantes des FNTCs. / In the present masters project, the goal is to study the optical interactions of carbon nanotube films (CNTFs) with terahertz (THz) waves. The THz absorption experiments made by time domain THz spectroscopy have been undertaken on thickness-variable films. CNTFs, which have their thicknesses range from 14 to 145 nm, are thin CNT layers that are piled one on another are deposited on a substrate (GaAs or silicon). First, a comparative characterization of film thicknesses is undertaken with AFM and with spectroscopic ellipsometry. Because of surface rugosity and film porosity which has the effect of complexifying the interaction of light with the films, AFM thicknesses are held for the rest of the analysis instead of those determined with ellipsometry. AFM measured thicknesses scale linearly with respect to nominal thicknesses that are proportional to the CNT density. CNTFs’ colors reveal to be correlated with their thicknesses. THz absorption experiments consist of taking the transmission spectrum of a broad band THz pulse through the samples. On the spectra, we also detect the reflection pulse, which is the echo of the main THz pulse inside the substrate separated by a time delay. The decrease of the main THz pulse with respect to the film thickness is non linear and reaches a saturation plateau for the thickest films. This finding is in direct relationship with four-point probe sheet conductivity measurements made on the films where a saturation is also observed from the same thicknesses. The reflection pulse loses amplitude more rapidly as the film thickness increases because of two additional wave passages in the film during reflection. Lastly, a quenching of the reflection pulse which is observed at a particular film thickness (100 nm for GaAs and 60 nm for silicon) demonstrates antireflection properties for the CNTFs.
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