Rotating-disk flow has been investigated not only as a simple model of cross flow instability to compare with swept-wing flow but also for industrial flow applications with rotating configurations. However the exact nature of laminar-turbulent transi- tion on the rotating-disk flow is still major problem and further research is required for it to be fully understood, in particular, the laminar-turbulent transition process with absolute instability. In addition the studies of the rotating-disk turbulent boundary- layer flow are inadequate to understand the physics of three-dimensional turbulent boundary-layer flow. In present thesis, a rotating-rotating disk boundary-layer flow has been inves- tigated experimentally using hot-wire anemometry. A glass disk with a flat surface has been prepared to archieve low disturbance rotating-disk environment. Azimuthal velocity measurements using a hot-wire probe have been taken for various conditions. To get a better insight into the laminar-turbulent transition region, a new way to describe the process is proposed using the probability density function (PDF) map of azimuthal fluctuation velocity. The effect of the edge of the disk on the laminar-turbulent transition process has been investigated. The disturbance growth of azimuthal fluctuation velocity as a function of Reynolds number has a similar trend irrespective of the various edge conditions. The behaviour of secondary instability and turbulent breakdown has been in- vestigated. It has been found that the kinked azimuthal velocity associated with secondary instability just before turbulent breakdown became less apparent at a cer- tain wall normal heights. Furthermore the turbulent breakdown of the stationary mode seems not to be triggered by its amplitude, however, depend on the appearance of the travelling secondary instability. Finally, the turbulent boundary layer on a rotating disk has been investigated. An azimuthal friction velocity has been directly measured from the azimuthal velocity profile in the viscous sub-layer. The turbulent statistics normalized by the inner and outer sclaes are presented. / QC 20120529

Förvaltning och avkastning hos fonder har forskats om i flera studier runt om i världen. Tidigare forskning har gett varierande resultat, där vissa studier visar på att det föreligger ett samband mellan en fonds avgift och avkastning, medan andra inte kan säkerställa ett sådant resultat. Då de svenska hushållen idag sparar mer än någonsin, visar det på att fondsparande är ett aktuellt ämne för ytterligare forskning. Statistik från 2020 visar att fondförmögenheten i Sverige totalt uppgick till 4 554 miljarder kronor och har visat på en fortsatt ökande trend de senaste åren. Dock har endast få studier genomförts på den svenska kapitalmarknaden och de har i huvudsak analyserat ämnet på kort sikt, med en tidsperiod om fem år. Eftersom avgifternas påverkan på fonder är tydligast på lång sikt, ger det utrymme för fortsatt forskning inom ämnet. Syftet med följande forskning är att studera sambandet mellan svenska aktiefonders avkastning och avgift på lång sikt i förhållande till fondernas risk. Studien avgränsas till att undersöka svenska aktiefonder som har varit verksamma i minst tio år, mellan åren 2011-2020. Forskningen antar en kvantitativ forskningsmetod, vilket syftar till att testa teorier. Tillvägagångssätt sker genom en analys av urvalets regression och korrelation i samband med hypotesprövning, där variabler undersöks för att ge underlag till studiens analys av resultat. Studiens resultat visar att svenska aktiefonder i genomsnitt underpresterar den svenska marknaden på lång sikt. Forskningen visar även varierande resultat gällande korrelation mellan riskjusterad avkastning och avgift på lång sikt. Resultaten indikerar att den svenska kapitalmarknaden har en relativ marknadseffektivitet av svag form. I tillägg verkar aktivt förvaltade fonder kunna utnyttja tillfällig trendidentifiering och informationsasymmetri för att uppnå en överavkastning. Forskningen avslutas med slutsatsen att högavgiftsfonder, vilka är mer aktivt förvaltade, indikeras vara ett bättre investeringsalternativ för att uppnå en god långsiktig prestation i jämförelse med passiva fonder. / The management and return of funds have been researched in many studies around the world. Previous research has yielded varied results, with some studies showing that there is a link between a fund's fee and return, while others cannot ensure such a result. As Swedish households save more today than ever, it shows that fund saving is a current topic for further research. Statistics from 2020 show that fund assets in Sweden are 4 554 billion swedish crowns in total, a number that has continuously grown in the past years. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the Swedish capital market where the existing studies have mainly analyzed the subject in the short term, with a time period of five years. Since the impact of fund fees is most noticeable in the long term, the subject can be further explored.  The aim of this research is to study the correlation between returns and fees of Swedish equity funds in the long term in relation to the funds risk. The study is limited to examining Swedish equity funds that have been active for at least ten years, between the years 2011-2020. The study adopts a quantitative research method, which aims to test theories. This research utilizes a regression and correlation analysis in conjunction with hypothesis testing, where variables are examined to provide a basis for the study's analysis of results. The results of this study show that Swedish equity funds on average underperform the Swedish market in the long term. The research also shows varying results regarding the correlation between risk-adjusted return and fee in the long term. The results of this study indicate that the Swedish capital market has a relative weak form of market efficiency. In addition, actively managed funds seem to be able to utilize occasional trend identification and information asymmetry to achieve an excess return. The research concludes that high-fee funds, which are more actively managed, indicate to be a better investment alternative for achieving long-term performance in comparison to passive funds.

In this dissertation, we study the complicated dynamics of two classes of systems: Anosov systems driven by an external force and partially hyperbolic systems driven by an external force. For smooth Anosov systems driven by an external force, we first study the random specification property, which is on the approximation of an N−spaced arbitrary long finite random orbit segments within given precision by a random periodic point. We prove that if such system is topological mixing on fibers, then it has the random specification property. Furthermore, we prove that the homeomorphism induced by such a system on the space of random probability measures also has the specification property. We note that the random specification property implies the positivity of topological fiber entropy. Secondly, we show that if the system is topological mixing on fibers, then its past and future random correlation for Hölder observable functions decay exponentially with respect to the system and the unique random SRB measure. For smooth partially hyperbolic systems driven by an external force, we prove the existence of the random Gibbs u−state, which has absolutely continuous conditional measure on the strong unstable manifolds.

La présente thèse articule les deux catégories fondamentales de la philosophie de la religion : le « moi » et le « divin », ce en dialogue avec deux interlocuteurs privilégiés, Fichte et Nabert, chez lesquels cette double thématique fut exploitée de manière originale et géniale. Fichte pense le « moi » comme le centre de l'intériorité et de la vie consciente de l'homme qui est une activité incessante vers l'unité de soi. Nabert, quant à lui, part du concept fichtien du « moi » pour élaborer la catégorie du « divin » ; celui-ci apparaît alors comme une demande de la conscience en sa structure fondamentale : elle le reçoit alors qu'il s'affirme à même le« moi». L'examen conjoint de de ces deux pensées apporte, nous cherchons à le montrer, une contribution majeure à la philosophie de la religion contemporaine : elle permet en effet à celle-ci d'avancer dans les réponses aux nombreux défis qu'il lui appartient de relever, soit : la redécouverte de certains préliminaires comme la conscience religieuse, le langage adéquat sur « Dieu », la question critériologique dans la désignation du « divin », le « témoignage » absolu. A cet effet, trois catégories principales sont sollicitées et éprouvées : I'« intériorité » et la place de I'« affectivité » dans l'expérience religieuse, enfin la « vérité » qui polarise toute réflexion philosophique sur la religion. / The present thesis articulates two fundamental categories of the philosophy of religion: the « 1 » and the « divine », it is in the dialogue with two privileged interlocutors, Fichte and Nabert, where this double theme was exploited in an original and brilliant way. Fichte thinks of the « 1 » as the center of the interiority and the conscious lite of a man, which is an incessant activity towards unity of self. Nabert, on his part, starts from the Fichte's concept of the « 1 » and elaborate the category of the « divine »; this last appears as a demand of the consciousness in its fundamental structure: it the « divine » as the one that affirms itself in the « 1 ». The joint examination of these two thoughts brings, as we try to show, a major contribution to the contemporary philosophy of religion. lndeed, this contribution allows philosophy of religion to advance in the answers to many challenges that rise up before it: the rediscovery of certain preliminaries such as the religious consciousness, the adequate language about « Gad », the question about criterion in the designation of the « divine », absolute « testimony ». For that purpose, three main categories are solicited and approved: « interiority » and the place of « affectivity » in religious experience, and finally « truth » which polarizes all philosophical reflection on religion.

Electric vehicles are increasing on the market and new technologies are being investigated because of the demand placed on electrified drivelines to provide maximum efficiency. Electric motors are expected to provide high efficiency and thus precise and compact designs of sensors for electric motors are requested. Market sensors offers a broad variety of sensors which are useful and optimal for different applications. Inductive sensors are investigated by industries because of their characteristics of having high accuracy, robustness, compact and flexible design and tolerant to harsh environments. This thesis is an investigation of inductive position sensors for automotive rotor applications,requested by one of Sweden’s largest companies within the automotive industry. The goal of the project is to design and implement theory of tradtional resolver technology on a printed circuit board (PCB) and conduct concept verifications of the system. Furthermore a new concept in the design is introduced and applied to the angular position sensor, working as a vernier scale and improve the resolution. Results and outcomes of this thesis are meant to facilitate future work and breakthroughs regarding inductive position sensors. This thesis aim to conduct a deep dive in electronics and signal processing and to derive the fundamentals of electromagnetism, from Maxwell’s equations to modern sensor design and to bring a new discussion to the table regarding the traditional measuring target used for rotor position in automotive industries. A new design working as rotor target design is presented and verified in this thesis and the results and outcomes are meant to facilitate future work and breakthroughs regarding inductive position sensors and potentially increase the accuracy and thus the efficiency of electric vehicles.

South Africa has a high incidence of crime where violence is particularly being committed against adolescents. Trauma has a disruptive influence on the development of adolescents. There is a lack of research focussing on pastoral counselling from a postmodern perspective regarding adolescents who experience acute trauma. This study makes use of three theories to make a meaningful contribution namely those of Rudolf Otto (1869 – 1937), René Girard (1923 - ) and Donald Capps (1990, 1993, 1994,1996). This study finds Otto`s theory about the numinous useful to assist traumatized adolescents on the road to healing. A numinous experience causes two results namely an overwhelming feeling of awe and a feeling of fear that comes from respect and distance. Traumatized adolescents should be guided into a meeting with God in a confusing post-modern world. Through the appropriation of the numinous adolescents can reach infinitely more than only being a “seeker”. Girard`s (1978) theory on mimetic violence and the scapegoat mechanism has been used in this study since it throws some light on the manner in which traumatized adolescents process trauma. The scapegoat mechanism theory helps one to understand how violence can be processed by scapegoating someone or something else. Girard`s theory also enlightens on the theme of forgiveness. Forgiveness is the key to overcome the horrors of the past. Adolescents particularly need role models. These role models can be found amongst other things, on television. Role models teach adolescents about revenge and reprisal. This study demonstrates that by applying Girard`s theory to the cross of Jesus, the traumatized and crucified Jesus becomes the role model for the “seekers” rather than identification with the peer group. Girard creates a greater understanding to manage trauma by exposing the scapegoat mechanism. Capps’ theory about hope and reframing on the other hand is useful in the sense that it gives hope for the future to adolescents. Hope therapy entails reframing since the situation needs a new perspective. The work of Capps, Reframing: New method in pastoral care (1990) was used as a framework. Narrative therapy is used because it assists the traumatized in their search for meaning. Ganzevoort’s (2000) theory regarding personal narrative identity proved to be useful in pastoral care to traumatized adolescents. The same applies to Erikson’s (1963) development theory, which includes the concept that the virtue of hope develops during childhood. It can also be associated with Moltmann’s (1974) view of hope as an alternative future for suffering persons. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

In this thesis, the performance of absolute quartz-crystal barometers is presented, and their ability to measure, with sub-microbar precision, atmospheric pressure fluctuations with periods as short as a few seconds is demonstrated. The first observations of ocean-generated atmospheric infrasound with periods of about 5 s and sub-microbar amplitudes, called microbaroms, using single absolute barometers are presented. These barometers can measure microbaroms with amplitudes down to 50 nanobars and the 1-h estimates of microbarom amplitudes calculated from data collected independently with three collocated barometers differed by only a few nanobars. The observed microbaroms have amplitudes between 0.2 microbars and 1 microbar with periods between 3 s and 8 s. The relative accuracy between the barometers is of the order of a few pascals. It is concluded that these absolute quartz-crystal barometers can be used effectively for infrasound monitoring.

This thesis deals with the instabilities of the incompressible boundary-layer flow that is induced by a disk rotating in otherwise still fluid. The results presented are mostly limited to linear instabilities derived from direct numerical simulations (DNS) but with the objective that further work will focus on the nonlinear regime, providing greater insights into the transition route to turbulence. The numerical code Nek5000 has been chosen for the DNS using a spectral-element method in an effort to reduce spurious effects from low-order discretizations. Large-scale parallel simulations have been used to obtain the present results. The known similarity solution of the Navier–Stokes equation for the rotating-disk flow, also called the von Karman flow, is investigated and can be reproduced with good accuracy by the DNS. With the addition of small roughnesses on the disk surface, convective instabilities appear and data from the DNS are analysed and compared with experimental and theoretical data. A theoretical analysis is also presented using a local linear-stability approach, where two stability solvers have been developedbased on earlier work. A good correspondence between DNS and theory is found and the DNS results are found to explain well the behaviour of the experimental boundary layer within the range of Reynolds numbers for small amplitude (linear) disturbances. The comparison between the DNS and experimental results, presented for the first time here, shows that the DNS allows (for large azimuthal domains) a range of unstable azimuthal wavenumbers β to exist simultaneously with the dominantβ varying, which is not accounted for in local theory, where β is usually fixed for each Reynolds number at which the stability analysis is applied. Furthermore, the linear impulse response of the rotating-disk boundary layer is investigated using DNS. The local response is known to be absolutely unstable. The global response is found to be stable if the edge of the disk is assumed to be at infinity, and unstable if the domain is finite and the edge of the domain is placed such that there is a large enough pocket region for the absolute instability to develop. The global frequency of the flow is found to be determined by the edge Reynolds number. / <p>QC 20140708</p>

Перинатальный артериальный ишемический инсульт - это цереброваскулярное заболевание, возникающее между 20-й неделей беременности и 28-м послеродовым днем, вызывающее двигательный и немоторный дефицит, причем церебральный паралич является частым исходом. Молодой мозг реагирует, реорганизуя свои поврежденные сети в ипсилезионное и/или контральезионное полушария, причем последнее больше связано с двигательными нарушениями. Префронтальная кора считается одной из наиболее уязвимых областей с когнитивным дефицитом, возникающим с задержкой, из-за ее длительного развития, достигающего своего пика синаптогенеза после первого послеродового года, в то время как другие области, такие как первичная кора, обычно проходят свою основную фазу синаптогенеза в течение первого послеродового семестра. Таким образом, раннее обнаружение низкого синаптогенеза может быть ранним признаком настоящего или предстоящего дефицита и привести к раннему вмешательству. Бета-диапазон недавно был предложен в качестве возможного биомаркера синаптогенеза, причем активность ГАМК связана с нейропластичностью и синаптогенезом. Основной целью настоящего исследования является установление роли абсолютной бета-1 мощности в синаптогенезе и исследование уязвимости префронтальной коры головного мозга. Были набраны сорок типичных детей и 10 детей с перинатальным артериальным ишемическим инсультом в их подкорковой средней мозговой артерии и были созданы 3 возрастные подгруппы: 5-месячная, 10-месячная и 24-месячная подгруппы. Запись ЭЭГ и тест Бейли-III использовались для измерения их фоновой активности и уровня развития. Хотя статистический анализ с помощью непараметрических инструментов (U-тест Манна-Уитни, тест Крускалла Уоллиса) не показал решающих результатов, потенциальная связь бета-диапазона с синаптогенезом может быть обнаружена при наблюдении низкой мощности бета-1 в моторных и когнитивных областях мозга и низкой моторной и когнитивной производительности, а также при обнаружении заднего или переднего созревания. Кроме того, ранняя уязвимость префронтальной коры может быть обнаружена в снижении двусторонней бета-1 мощности у 24-месячных детей с перинатальным инсультом, по сравнению с типичными детьми и более ранними односторонними различиями, наряду с некоторыми когнитивными дефицитами, которые начинают проявляться в той же группе. / Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease occurring between the 20th gestational week and the 28th postnatal day, causing motor and non-motor deficits with cerebral palsy being a frequent outcome. The young brain reacts by reorganizing its injured networks to ipsilesional and/or contralesional hemisphere with the latter relating more to motor impairment. The Prefrontal Cortex is considered one of the most vulnerable areas with cognitive deficits emerging with a delay, due to its lengthy development reaching its synaptogenesis peak after the first postnatal year, while other areas, such as the Primary Cortices undergo generally their major synaptogenesis phase during the first postnatal semester. So early detection of low synaptogenesis could be an early mark of present or upcoming deficits and lead to an early intervention. Beta band has been recently suggested as a possible biomarker of synaptogenesis with GABA’s activity being connected with neuroplasticity and synaptogenesis. The main goal of the current study is to establish the role of of the absolute beta-1 power to synaptogenesis and the investigate the vulnerability of the Prefrontal Cortex. Fourty typical children and 10 children with Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke in their subcortical Middle Cerebral Artery were recruited and were created 3 age subgroups; 5month, 10month and 24month subgroup. EEG recording and Bayley-III test were used to measure their background activity and developmental level. Although the statistical analysis via non-parametric tools (Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskall Wallis test) didn’t show decisive results, a potential connection of beta-band with synaptogenesis could be detected when observing low beta-1 power in motor and cognitive brain areas and low motor and cognitive performance and also by detecting a posterior to anterior maturation. Moreover the early vulnerability of Prefrontal Cortex may be found in the decreased bilateral beta-1 power in the 24month children with perinatal stroke, when compared with the typical children and the earlier unilateral differences, along with some cognitive deficits which begin to emerge in the same group.

Diese Dissertation behandelt arithmetische Eigenschaften von Familien algebraischer Varietäten und deren speziellen Untervarietäten. Im ersten Kapitel definieren wir sogenannte absolut spezielle Untervarietäten mithilfe von Delignes Begriff der absoluten Hodgeklassen. Ausgehend von der Vermutung, dass alle Hodgeklassen absolute Hodgeklassen sind, erwarten wir, dass alle speziellen Untervarietäten absolut speziell sind. Wir beweisen diese Erwartung für Untervarietäten, die eine bestimmte Monodromiebedingung erfüllen. Das zweite Kapitel führt eine l-adische Version von speziellen Untervarietäten ein, die wir l-Galois spezielle Untervarietäten nennen. Wir studieren bewiesene und vermutete Eigenschaften dieser Untervarietäten und deren Zusammenhang zur Struktur des l-Galois exzeptionellen Locus und zur Mumford-Tate Vermutung. Im dritten Kapitel beweisen wir eine Rapoport-Zink Uniformisierung für den Modulraum der primitiv polarisierten K3 Flächen und kubischen Vierfaltigkeiten mit supersingulärer Reduktion. In beiden Fällen ist der Modulraum uniformisiert von einer explizit definierten rigid analytischen Untervarietät einer lokalen Shimura-Varietät von orthogonalem Typ. / This thesis studies arithmetic aspects of families of algebraic varieties and their special subvarieties. In the first part, we use Deligne's framework of absolute Hodge classes to define a notion of absolutely special subvarieties. The conjecture that all Hodge classes are absolute Hodge predicts that every special subvariety is absolutely special. We prove this prediction for subvarieties satisfying a certain monodromy condition. The second part introduces an l-adic analog of special subvarieties that we call l-Galois special subvarieties. We study the properties of these subvarieties and discuss how known and unknown properties of l-Galois special subvarieties are related to the structure of the l-Galois exceptional locus and to the Mumford-Tate conjecture. In the third chapter, we prove a Rapoport-Zink type uniformization result for the moduli space of polarized K3 surfaces and cubic fourfolds. We show that in both cases, the tube over the supersingular locus of the moduli space is uniformized by an explicitly described rigid analytic open subvariety of a local Shimura variety of orthogonal type.