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Repairing is one of the alternative business alternatives at the end-of-life phase of clothing, that is seen to be a potential solution for the biggest challenge that the fashion industry faces today - waste. The purpose of this research is to extend our collective understanding of consumers’ value in clothes that lead to their willingness to keep a garment in use for longer. It then identifies how brands could adapt their strategy based on this understanding to better involve consumers to promote the use of clothes repair. A quantitative research design was applied using a consumer survey. The survey questions were designed according to the subjects that emerged from the literature review to answer the presented research questions. The most significant cognitive factors affecting consumers’ repair attitude and behaviour arising from the findings are emotional attachment, product properties such as quality, fashion leadership, subjective norms and awareness of the environmental impact of repair. Demographic factors of age, gender and income group moderate the impact of these factors and are useful to narrow down the strategy for the brand’s target consumers. The communication, cost, service convenience and service quality are determined to be the dominant factors in the strategy for brands offering repair service.

Bygg- och fastighetssektorn står idag för en femtedel av Sveriges klimatutsläpp. Målet från branschen är att dessa utsläpp ska minska och att branschen ska nå ett nettonollutsläpp av växthusgaser till år 2045. För att uppfylla detta mål så ses en övergång till cirkulär ekonomi och återbruk som en viktig del. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som finns för återbruk av byggmaterialmaterial vid ändring av en byggnad samt hur bygglovskraven påverkar detta. Syftet är även att studera om det finns något som skulle underlätta för återbruk vid ändring av byggnad. Metoden som använts för att undersöka detta syfte är en litteraturstudie samt kvalitativa intervjuer med olika aktörer inom bygg- och fastighetsbranschen. Studien visar att det både finns möjligheter och utmaningar med återbruk. Där de främsta möjligheterna är att byta användningsområde för materialet eller att överdimensionera. De främsta utmaningarna som studien visar är att det saknas praxis och riktlinjer för att verifiera kvaliteten på materialet, en ökad tidsåtgång vid arbete med återbruk och brist på företag som är specialiserade på återbruk av byggmaterial. Studien visar även att de tekniska egenskapskraven påverkar återbruk men att det är lättare med återbruk vid ändring i jämförelse med vid nyproduktion då det tas hänsyn till ändringens omfattning och byggnadens förutsättningar. För att underlätta återbruk så önskas produktdeklarationer där teknisk livslängd och vägledning för återbruk finns med samt praxis och vägledning i Boverkets Byggregler. För att dra slutsatsen av vilka praxis och regler som ska tillämpas i Boverkets Byggregler behövs dock fortsatta studier där det tas hänsyn till även andra faktorer än återbruk. / Building and real estate sector currently accounts for a fifth of Sweden’s emissions. The goal is to reduce these emissions and for the sector to achieve climate neutrality 2045. To meet this goal, a transition to circular economy and recycling is seen as an important part. The purpose of this report is to examine what opportunities and challenges that exist for the reuse of building materials when changing a building and how the building permit requirements affect this. The purpose is also to study whether there is anything that would facilitate reuse when changing a building. The method used to investigate this purpose is a literature study and qualitative interviews with various actors in the construction and real estate sector. The study shows that there are both opportunities and challenges with reuse of building materials. Where the main possibilities are to change the area of use of the material or to oversize. The main challenges that the study shows are the lack of practice and guidelines for verifying the quality of the material, an increased time spent working with re-use of building materials and a lack of companies that specialize in reuse of building materials. The study also shows that the technical property requirements affect re-use, but that re-use is easier in the event of a change compared with new production, as the extent of the change and the building's conditions are considered. To facilitate re-use, product declarations are required where technical service life and guidance for recycling are included, as well as practice and guidance in Boverkets Byggregler. To draw the conclusion of which practices and rules are to be applied in the Boverkets Byggrelger however, further studies are needed where factors other than recycling are also taken into consideration. / <p>2022-06-28</p>

The world’s linear economic system, operating under the make-use-dispose philosophy, creates heavy environmental issues such as resource depletion and exuberant waste creation. One industry that is strongly affiliated with these issues is the construction industry. Responsible for around 25% of global waste creation, the industry is in need of changing and circular initiatives such as waste-to-resource ones offer pathways to such a change towards sustainability. For the materialization of these initiatives, inter-organizational collaboration is an effective tool that needs to be strengthened within the industry. It has shown its ability to create sustainable business models that are more aligned with the principles of the circular economy, yet, further research into collaborative value creation is needed.   Therefore, this thesis investigates the processes of value creation in inter-organizational collaboration as well as how the value created can help facilitate waste-to-resource initiatives within the construction industry. A theoretical framework based on the Stakeholder Value Creation model and Collaborative Value Creation framework is being used to analyze empirical material stemming from semi-structured expert interviews with representatives of the construction industry. Based on the findings, the framework is adjusted by including additional value creating collaborative processes and enabling forces for the creation of waste-to-resource initiatives. Ultimately, this thesis lays out the processes creating value in inter-organizational collaboration within the construction industry as well as the waste-to-resource initiative enablers stemming from the different types of collaborative value. This is contributing to the theoretical knowledge of collaboration and value creation as well as allowing for practical application.

This Master’s thesis was done with the research group Green Leap at KTH. Green Leap is working for engaging design in sustainable development to act as a catalyst for change. A project that Green Leap has worked with is Ett bilfritt år, where families exchanged their cars for lightweight electric vehicles for a year and the changes in their behaviours were studied. The project resulted in positive experiences of the electric cargo bikes in the everyday life without owning a car. This master thesis became a concept study to investigate different possibilities of providing electric cargo bikes as a service. Research were carried out on how existing cargo bike services were conducted and user studies were conducted to get the understanding of who the users of cargo bikes were and how their needs and behaviours looked like. Through further insights from a variety of actors, five different possibilities were identified for services for the electric cargobikes. By comparing the possibilities of the various services, there was an opportunity of designing the same cargo bike for three of the services. The common hardware had a business opportunity for establishing a common platform for different purposes. Different hardware concepts were also developed during the project to facilitate the sharing of the cargo bikes. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Carge e-bike as a service, Marcus Steenberg, KTH Green Leap, www.ettbilfrittar.se/cargo / Detta examensarbete är ett arbete utfört för forskningsgruppen Green Leap på KTH. Forskningsgruppen arbetar med att engagera design i hållbar utveckling för att verka som en katalysator för förändring. Ett projekt som Green Leap har arbetat med är Ett bilfritt år, där familjer bytte ut sina bilar mot lätta elfordon under ett års tid och deras beteendeförändringar studerades. Projektet resulterades i positiva upplevelser av fordonet lådcykel i vardagslivet utan bil. Detta examensarbete blev en konceptstudie för att undersöka olika möjligheter att tillhandahålla lådcykel som en tjänst. Det utfördes undersökningar på hur befintliga lådcykelstjänster var uppbyggda och det utfördes en användarundersökning på vilka användarna av lådcyklar var och hur deras behov och beteende såg ut. Genom ytterligare insikter från en mängd olika aktörer, kartlades fem olika möjligheter på tjänster för lådcykeln. Genom jämförelse av de olika tjänsternas möjligheter sågs en möjlighet att utforma liknande lådcyklar till tre av tjänsterna. Detta hade en affärsmässig möjlighet för att få fram en gemensam plattform för olika ändamål. Det utvecklades även olika förslag på hårdvara för att underlätta delning med en stor variation avbehov. Detta verk är licensierad under en Creative Commons Erkännande 4.0 Internationell license. Föratt ta del av en kopia av licensen besök följande http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Carge e-bike as a service, Marcus Steenberg, KTH Green Leap, www.ettbilfrittar.se/cargo

Due to the large quantities of waste in the construction industry, a circular return packaging system is evaluated as bearers used for gypsum deliveries. The master thesis is written together with the construction company JM AB with the goal of being able to support future strategies for the development of more sustainable packaging solutions. This has been done by a comparative life cycle analysis of the current linear system of wood chips bearers, which is compared with a theoretical circular system of plastic bearers used with a return system. The two different bearers with respective processes are compared, in order to evaluate the environmental impact and further evaluate the conditions when a return system is preferable. By creating two life cycle analyses of both systems in the SimaPro computer software and comparing them with the functional unit, 50 deliveries of 42 discs of gypsum are the two different ways of delivering gypsum compared. The result shows that two returns per plastic bearer are needed to ensure that the seven selected environmental impact categories are lower than using wood chips bearers. In the sensitivity analysis, different scenarios are tested, where one conclusion of the analysis is that the type of energy used for the manufacture of the bearers is very important for the result. The discussion addresses the problem that plastic is not a renewable material, and today's conditions on construction sites result in return packaging being handled as disposables. / På grund av byggbranschens stora mängder avfall utvärderas ett cirkulärt emballagealternativ för underslag som används vid leveranser av gips. Examensarbetet görs tillsammans med byggföretaget JM AB med målet att kunna stödja framtida strategier för utveckling av mer hållbara emballagelösningar. Har gjorts genom en jämförande livscykelanalys av det nuvarande linjära systemet av träspånsunderslag vilket jämförs med ett teoretiskt cirkulärt system av plastunderslag som går igenom ett retursystem. De två olika underslagen med respektive processer ställs mot varandra för att utvärdera miljöpåverkan för att vidare bedöma under vilka förutsättningar ett retursystem är att föredra. Genom att bygga upp två livscykelanalyser av båda systemen i dataprogrammet SimaPro som jämförs genom den funktionella enheten 50 leveranser av 42 skivor gips de två olika sätten att leverera gips. Resultatet visar att det krävs två returer per plastunderslag för att de sju utvalda miljöpåverkanskategorierna ska vara lägre än för träspånsunderslagen. I känslighetsanalysen testas olika scenarion, där slutsatsen av analysen är att typen av energi som används för tillverkningen av underslagen är mycket betydelsefull för resultatet. Diskussionen tar upp problematiken med att plast inte är ett förnyelsebart material och att dagens förutsättningar på byggarbetsplatser leder till att returemballage hanteras som förbrukningsvara.

Unsustainable consumption patterns and material scarcity has been recognised as one of the challenges within the European Union. To change these patterns policy makers within EU are looking towards a transitioning into circular economy. Electronics and manufacturers of energy related products is found to be important actors in this transition, due to the unsustainable trends of consumption and the materials of important contained in electronics. Energy related products are regulated by the Eco design directive (Directive 2009/125/EC) containing implementing measures on energy efficacy. Today the directive is lacking methods for assessing material efficacy in energy related products. CEN/CENELEC was 2015 requested to develop standard methods on how to assess the material efficiency aspects; durability, ability to reuse, repair, upgrade, re-manufacturabiliy, recyclability and recoverability and use of recycled content and CRM content. This study sets out to assess the adaptability of the preliminary publications of the standards on to an Ericsson radio network product. The study is divided into two parts, part one assesses the general and product specific implementation of the selected standard documents. The first parts of this study are document analysis and seven interviews used to triangulate the general opinions on the standards. In part two the study sets out to test two of the methods found in the standard documents. The study found in the collection of recycling data and rates for a small radio network product, the product had a recyclability of XX% and a recoverability of XX% and a time for disassembly of XX seconds using the suggested method eDiM. The findings of this study suggest that these standardised methods are welcomed by the telecommunications equipment manufacturer but concerns on the amount of data required, future purpose and the reliability of the assessment methods still creates worries for the future. / Ohållbara konsumtionsmönster och materialbrist har erkänts som en av de största utmaningarna inom europeiska unionen. För att förändra dessa mönster så har beslutsfattare inom EU påbörjat omställningen till den cirkulära ekonomin. Elektronik och tillverkare av energirelaterade produkter har erkänts som viktiga aktörer i denna omställning, på grund av den ohållbara konsumtionsutvecklingen under det senaste decenniet och de viktiga material som används för att tillverka elektronikprodukter. Energirelaterade produkter regleras av Eco design direktivet (direktiv 2009/125 / EG) som idag innehåller implementeringsåtgärder för energieffektivitet i energirelaterade produkter. I framtiden kommer det även finnas implementeringsåtgärder för materialeffektivisering men idag saknas standardiserade metoder för bedömning av material effektivitet. År 2015 tillförordnades CEN/CENELEC uppdraget att ta fram och utveckla standarder för bedömning av materialeffektivitetsaspekterna; livslängd, återanvändning, reparerbarhet, uppgraderingsbarhet, återtillverkning, återvinningsbarhet och användningen av återvunnet material och innehåll av kritiska råmaterial. Den här studien syftar till att analysera användbarheten hos de preliminära publikationerna av standarderna inom ramen för Ericssons verksamhet. Studien är uppdelad i två delar, del ett bedömer det allmänna och produktspecifika genomförbarheten av de utvalda standarddokumenten. Resultatet från del ett baseras på en dokumentanalys och sju intervjuer, som används för att triangulera de generella åsikterna om standarderna. I del två testas två av metoderna ur standarddokumenten. Resultatets av testerna visar att den utvalda nätverksprodukten hade en återvinningsbarhet på XX% och en återhämtning på XX%. Studien visar även att nätverksprodukten hade en tid för demontering på XX sekunder när den föreslagna metoden eDiM användes. Resultaten av denna studie tyder på att dessa standardiserade metoder välkomnas av Ericsson men mängden data, framtida syfte och pålitligheten av bedömningsmetoderna skapar oro för framtiden.

Yes / Construction and demolition waste (CDW) management and recycling practices are crucial for transitioning to a circular economy. This study focuses on the detailed characterization of CDWs, including hollow brick (HB), red clay brick (RCB), roof tile (RT), concrete (C), and glass (G), collected from seven different sites. The CDWs were characterized based on particle size distribution, chemical composition, and crystalline nature. Pozzolanic activity was evaluated through compressive strength measurements of cement mortars with 20% cement replacement by CDWs at 7, 28, and 90 days. The results showed that clayey CDWs exhibited similar physical/chemical properties and crystalline structures. Compositions of Cs varied significantly based on their original materials. CDWs satisfied the minimum strength activity index for supplementary cementitious materials, with pozzolanic activity influenced by fineness and SiO2+Al2O3 contents. The average strength activity indexes for HB, RCB, RT, C, and G were 84.5%, 86.3%, 83.4%, 80.7%, and 75.8%, respectively. Clayey CDWs contributed to mechanical strength development, while Cs' contribution was related to hydration of unreacted cementitious particles. G exhibited the weakest pozzolanic activity due to its coarser particle size. Overall, CDWs demonstrated suitable properties for use as supplementary cementitious materials in PC-based systems.

Textile waste amounts and its utilization are pressing problems in the EU today, with further expected worsening as legislations come into play, increasing collection rates. The EU strives towards a more sustainable future, however this future might entail initial disimprovement, as consumption and disposal behaviour are further expected to increase. The study showed by mapping the future material flow that potential scenarios are severe, in waste volumes and it is unclear how they will be handled and utilized. It is of highest importance to prepare to mitigate them through levers that enable preferred circular flows towards a more sustainable future. Reusing clothing might be such a lever that promises to partially substitute the demand for new products. Through quantitative research and a systemic and dynamic analysis, this study concludes that waste management remains an even more acute problem, whilst slowing consumption through reuse and maintenance of existing products might be a (small) step in the right direction.

This paper presents a project done within the field of office interior design, which aims to create an efficient set of services that caters to the needs of the interior designer while procuring and implementing used furniture in their projects. The project was conducted in collaboration with Plym Projekt AB, an interior design company who introduced the thesis topic, and Easy Steps, sustainability-focused consultancy company. The collaboration involved regular sessions throughout the course of the thesis, including feedback, guidance and co-creation. During the past two years, the Plym has seen an increase in the demand for sustainable furniture options in the office interior design field. Since then, the company has been attempting to update its business model to provide its customers with a sustainable alternative, encountering obstacles along the way. In addition to a literature review, primary research was conducted, including stakeholder interviews and an end-user questionnaire. Upon empirical data, the authors identified a gap in the industry that is ideally suited for a new actor. The project results in the development of this new actor and its business activities through service design, proposing a set of services that will not only benefit the interior designer, but also its clients, furniture suppliers, and other stakeholders in the office furniture industry. Finally, the service is partially demonstrated through the prototype of a digital platform.