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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tereza Martins Godinho.pdf: 4770122 bytes, checksum: 29ec984f8e5f09abab58b9055bd3587a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-17 / Fundação Carlos Chagas / This research was done at, located at the cities of Cavalcante, Teresina and Monte Alegre, northeast of the State of Goiás. As from references of Anthropological Theory, tried to describe this Hiding-place of fugitive Negro Slaves and its people considering their caracteristics of identity, of culture, social, economical and historical. Investigated and analyzed above all the role of women, through their cultural atitudes and routine, foccusing the relations they have with themselves, with their partners, with their group and with their past, trying to understand the meaning of " being a woman" in this context. The method used was open country work, preceded of bibliographical survey associated to research of documents / Esta pesquisa foi realizada no quilombo kalunga, localizado nos municípios de Cavalcante, Teresina e Monte Alegre, nordeste do Estado de Goiás. A partir de referenciais da teoria antropológica, buscou descrever este quilombo e sua gente nas suas características identitárias, culturais, sociais, econômicas e históricas. Investigou e analisou sobretudo o lugar da mulher, através de suas práticas culturais e sua rotina, enfocando as relações que estabelecem entre si, com seus parceiros, com seu grupo e com seu passado procurando compreender o sentido do ser mulher nesse contexto. O método utilizado foi o trabalho de campo, precedido de levantamento bibliográfico e associado à pesquisa de documentos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tereza Martins Godinho.pdf: 4770122 bytes, checksum: 29ec984f8e5f09abab58b9055bd3587a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-17 / Fundação Carlos Chagas / This research was done at, located at the cities of Cavalcante, Teresina and Monte Alegre, northeast of the State of Goiás. As from references of Anthropological Theory, tried to describe this Hiding-place of fugitive Negro Slaves and its people considering their caracteristics of identity, of culture, social, economical and historical. Investigated and analyzed above all the role of women, through their cultural atitudes and routine, foccusing the relations they have with themselves, with their partners, with their group and with their past, trying to understand the meaning of " being a woman" in this context. The method used was open country work, preceded of bibliographical survey associated to research of documents / Esta pesquisa foi realizada no quilombo kalunga, localizado nos municípios de Cavalcante, Teresina e Monte Alegre, nordeste do Estado de Goiás. A partir de referenciais da teoria antropológica, buscou descrever este quilombo e sua gente nas suas características identitárias, culturais, sociais, econômicas e históricas. Investigou e analisou sobretudo o lugar da mulher, através de suas práticas culturais e sua rotina, enfocando as relações que estabelecem entre si, com seus parceiros, com seu grupo e com seu passado procurando compreender o sentido do ser mulher nesse contexto. O método utilizado foi o trabalho de campo, precedido de levantamento bibliográfico e associado à pesquisa de documentos

The work examines the antislavery writings of Francis Wayland (1796-1865). Wayland pastored churches in Boston and Providence, but he left his indelible mark as the fourth and twenty-eight year president of Brown University (1827-1855). The author of numerous works on moral science, economics, philosophy, education, and the Baptist denomination, his administration marked a transitional stage in the emergence of American colleges from a classically oriented curriculum to an educational philosophy based on science and modern languages. Wayland left an enduring legacy at Brown, but it was his antislavery writings that brought him the most notoriety and controversy. Developed throughout his writings, rather than systematically in a major work, his antislavery views were shaped and tested in the political and intellectual climate of the antebellum world in which he lived. First developed in The Elements of Moral Science (1835), he tested the boundaries of activism in The Limitations of Human Responsibility (1838), and publicly debated antislavery in Domestic Slavery Considered as a Scriptural Institution (1845). The political crisis from the Mexican-American War through the Kansas-Nebraska Act heightened Wayland’s activism as delineated in The Duty of Obedience to the Civil Magistrate (1847), his noncompliance with the Fugitive Slave Law, and his public address on the Kansas-Nebraska Bill (1854). In 1861 he became a committed Unionist. I argue that Francis Wayland was a mediating figure in the controversy between abolitionists and proslavery apologists and that his life was a microcosm of the transition that many individuals made from moderate antislavery to abolitionism. Wayland proved unique in that he was heavily coveted by Northern abolitionists who sought his unconditional support and yet he was respected by Southerners who appreciated his uncondemning attitude toward slaveholders even while he opposed slavery. I argue that Wayland’s transition from reluctant critic to public activist was not solely due to the political sweep of events, but that his latter activism was already marked in his earlier work. Most importantly, his life demonstrated both the limits and possibilities in the history of American antislavery.

Os aterros de disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos são equipamentos que, necessariamente, devem ser integrados ao sistema de saneamento e proteção à saúde pública das municipalidades. Independentemente se bem planejados, construídos e operados, os mesmos oferecem impactos ambientais aos locais onde estão implantados e ao seu entorno. Os referidos aterros são fontes de emissão antropogênica de gases indutores do efeito estufa global, como o metano (\'CH IND.4\') e o dióxido de carbono (\'CO IND.2\'). O presente trabalho teve por objetivo medir, estimativamente, in situ, a contribuição destes equipamentos no fluxo destes gases na natureza. Para isso, foram desenvolvidas duas campanhas em oito aterros de municípios do estado de São Paulo (Brasil) nos anos de 2006 e 2007. Foram medidas a concentrações de \'CH IND.4\' e \'CO IND.2\' no ar ambiente dos aterros, a emissão solo-ar e o fluxo a partir dos dissipadores verticais, quando presentes. As amostras coletadas do GAS foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa. Os resultados evidenciaram que as concentrações de \'CH IND.4\' e \'CO IND.2\' na atmosfera dos aterros foram de 18.000 ppm e 5.500 ppm, respectivamente. Estes valores corresponderam a dez mil vezes e quinze vezes maiores que aquelas medidas em locais distantes dos aterros (background). Os resultados das medidas do fluxo solo-ar apontaram para uma grande variabilidade desta emissão, entre os sítios da coleta, entre os aterros e entre as campanhas. As taxas médias de emissão solo-ar variaram de 5,66 g/\'M POT.2\'.d a 148,20 g/\'M POT.2\'.d para \'CH IND.4\' e de 17,78 g/\'M POT.2\'.d a 223,04 g/\'M POT.2\'.d para \'CO IND.2\'. A emissão estimada solo-ar para os aterros variou de 276,82 a 75.730,20 toneladas por ano de \'CH IND.4\' e de 501,02 a 76.312,74 toneladas por ano para o \'CO IND.2\'. A emissão estimada para os aterros a partir dos dissipadores verticais variou de 73,52 a 307,31 toneladas para \'CH IND.4\' e de 165,83 a 692,32 toneladas por ano para o \'CO IND.2\'. Os resultados também evidenciaram que a concentração dos gases no ar ambiente dos aterros e a emissão solo-ar, especialmente, pareceram independer da operação dispensada: caso aterros sanitários, controlados ou lixões. Todos apresentaram muitas semelhanças no processo de emissão. Mesmo a presença do sistema de sucção do GAS para alimentar a usina termoelétrica (UTEB) no aterro Bandeirantes, São Paulo, Capital, não o diferenciou dos demais. De modo geral, não foi possível correlacionar variáveis que apontassem para tendências gerais na emissão destes sistemas de disposição de RSU. Com base nos resultados supracitados, este trabalho sugere futuras perspectivas de pesquisas. / Urban solid waste disposal landfills are equipments that must be integrated with the drainage and protection of the public health of municipalities system. Regardless of whether they are well planned, built and operated, they offer environmental impacts to the areas where they are deployed and their surroundings. The present work aimed at measuring, as estimates, in situ, the contribution of the aforementioned equipments in the flux of these gases in nature. The research was developed in 2006 and 2007 in two campaigns in eight municipal solid waste landfills in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Concentrations of \'CH IND.4\' and \'CO IND.2\' were measured in the air from landfills; the ground-air emission and the flux from vertical drains, when present. The samples collected of the GAS were analyzed utilizing gas chromatography. The results showed that the concentrations of \'CH IND.4\' and \'CO IND.2\' in the atmosphere from landfills were 18,000 ppm and 5,500 ppm, respectively. These values correspond to ten thousand and fifteen times greater than those measured on places far away from landfills (background). The results of the ground-air flux indicated a great variability of this emission, not only among the collection sites, but also among the landfills and between the campaigns. The average ground-air emission ranged from 5.66 g/\'M POT.2\'.d to 148.20 g/\'M POT.2\'.d for \'CH IND.4\' and from 17.78 g/\'M POT.2\'.d to 223,04 g/\'M POT.2\'.d for \'CO IND.2\'. The estimated ground-air emission for the landfills ranged from 276.82 to 75,730.20 tons per year of \'CH IND.4\' and from 501.02 to 76,312.74 tons per year for \'CO IND.2\'. The estimated emission for the landfills from the vertical drains ranged from 73.52 to 307.31 tons per year for \'CH IND.4\' and from 165.83 to 692.32 tons per year for \'CO IND.2\'. The results also showed that concentration of gases in the environment air of landfills and the emission, especially ground-air, seems to be independent of the operation given: whether it is sanitary landfill, controlled landfill, or dump. They all presented many similarities in the emission process, and major differences among them were not elucidated. Even the presence of the suction system of the GAS to feed the thermoelectric plant (UTEB) at the Bandeirantes landfill, located at the capital of São Paulo, did not differentiate it from the other landfills from the \'CH IND.4\' and \'CO IND.2\' emission perspective. In a nutshell, it was not possible to correlate variables that pointed to general trends in the emissions of these USW disposal equipments. Based on these results, future prospects for research are suggested.

Os aterros de disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos são equipamentos que, necessariamente, devem ser integrados ao sistema de saneamento e proteção à saúde pública das municipalidades. Independentemente se bem planejados, construídos e operados, os mesmos oferecem impactos ambientais aos locais onde estão implantados e ao seu entorno. Os referidos aterros são fontes de emissão antropogênica de gases indutores do efeito estufa global, como o metano (\'CH IND.4\') e o dióxido de carbono (\'CO IND.2\'). O presente trabalho teve por objetivo medir, estimativamente, in situ, a contribuição destes equipamentos no fluxo destes gases na natureza. Para isso, foram desenvolvidas duas campanhas em oito aterros de municípios do estado de São Paulo (Brasil) nos anos de 2006 e 2007. Foram medidas a concentrações de \'CH IND.4\' e \'CO IND.2\' no ar ambiente dos aterros, a emissão solo-ar e o fluxo a partir dos dissipadores verticais, quando presentes. As amostras coletadas do GAS foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa. Os resultados evidenciaram que as concentrações de \'CH IND.4\' e \'CO IND.2\' na atmosfera dos aterros foram de 18.000 ppm e 5.500 ppm, respectivamente. Estes valores corresponderam a dez mil vezes e quinze vezes maiores que aquelas medidas em locais distantes dos aterros (background). Os resultados das medidas do fluxo solo-ar apontaram para uma grande variabilidade desta emissão, entre os sítios da coleta, entre os aterros e entre as campanhas. As taxas médias de emissão solo-ar variaram de 5,66 g/\'M POT.2\'.d a 148,20 g/\'M POT.2\'.d para \'CH IND.4\' e de 17,78 g/\'M POT.2\'.d a 223,04 g/\'M POT.2\'.d para \'CO IND.2\'. A emissão estimada solo-ar para os aterros variou de 276,82 a 75.730,20 toneladas por ano de \'CH IND.4\' e de 501,02 a 76.312,74 toneladas por ano para o \'CO IND.2\'. A emissão estimada para os aterros a partir dos dissipadores verticais variou de 73,52 a 307,31 toneladas para \'CH IND.4\' e de 165,83 a 692,32 toneladas por ano para o \'CO IND.2\'. Os resultados também evidenciaram que a concentração dos gases no ar ambiente dos aterros e a emissão solo-ar, especialmente, pareceram independer da operação dispensada: caso aterros sanitários, controlados ou lixões. Todos apresentaram muitas semelhanças no processo de emissão. Mesmo a presença do sistema de sucção do GAS para alimentar a usina termoelétrica (UTEB) no aterro Bandeirantes, São Paulo, Capital, não o diferenciou dos demais. De modo geral, não foi possível correlacionar variáveis que apontassem para tendências gerais na emissão destes sistemas de disposição de RSU. Com base nos resultados supracitados, este trabalho sugere futuras perspectivas de pesquisas. / Urban solid waste disposal landfills are equipments that must be integrated with the drainage and protection of the public health of municipalities system. Regardless of whether they are well planned, built and operated, they offer environmental impacts to the areas where they are deployed and their surroundings. The present work aimed at measuring, as estimates, in situ, the contribution of the aforementioned equipments in the flux of these gases in nature. The research was developed in 2006 and 2007 in two campaigns in eight municipal solid waste landfills in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Concentrations of \'CH IND.4\' and \'CO IND.2\' were measured in the air from landfills; the ground-air emission and the flux from vertical drains, when present. The samples collected of the GAS were analyzed utilizing gas chromatography. The results showed that the concentrations of \'CH IND.4\' and \'CO IND.2\' in the atmosphere from landfills were 18,000 ppm and 5,500 ppm, respectively. These values correspond to ten thousand and fifteen times greater than those measured on places far away from landfills (background). The results of the ground-air flux indicated a great variability of this emission, not only among the collection sites, but also among the landfills and between the campaigns. The average ground-air emission ranged from 5.66 g/\'M POT.2\'.d to 148.20 g/\'M POT.2\'.d for \'CH IND.4\' and from 17.78 g/\'M POT.2\'.d to 223,04 g/\'M POT.2\'.d for \'CO IND.2\'. The estimated ground-air emission for the landfills ranged from 276.82 to 75,730.20 tons per year of \'CH IND.4\' and from 501.02 to 76,312.74 tons per year for \'CO IND.2\'. The estimated emission for the landfills from the vertical drains ranged from 73.52 to 307.31 tons per year for \'CH IND.4\' and from 165.83 to 692.32 tons per year for \'CO IND.2\'. The results also showed that concentration of gases in the environment air of landfills and the emission, especially ground-air, seems to be independent of the operation given: whether it is sanitary landfill, controlled landfill, or dump. They all presented many similarities in the emission process, and major differences among them were not elucidated. Even the presence of the suction system of the GAS to feed the thermoelectric plant (UTEB) at the Bandeirantes landfill, located at the capital of São Paulo, did not differentiate it from the other landfills from the \'CH IND.4\' and \'CO IND.2\' emission perspective. In a nutshell, it was not possible to correlate variables that pointed to general trends in the emissions of these USW disposal equipments. Based on these results, future prospects for research are suggested.

No description available.

This thesis clarifies recent debates on the problems of territorialized freedom in the Atlantic world by examining several extradition cases involving runaway slaves in Canada, where southern slaveholders attempted to retrieve their lost property by relabeling fugitive slaves as fugitive criminals. In order to combat these efforts and receive the full protections of British subjecthood, self-emancipated people realized that they needed to prove themselves worthy of this status. To achieve this, black refugees formulated their own language of subjecthood predicated upon economic productivity, social respectability, and political loyalty. By actively working to incorporate themselves into the British Empire, Afro-Canadians redefined subjecthood from a status largely seen as a passively received birthright to a deliberate choice. Therefore, this thesis demonstrates that ways in which formerly enslaved people laid out their own terms for imperial inclusion and defined the contours of black social and legal belonging in a partially free Atlantic world. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

This thesis examines how the law dealt with international fugitives. It focuses on formal extradition and the cross-border abduction of wanted criminals by police officers and other state officials. Debates over extradition and abduction reflected important issues of state power and civil liberty, and were shaped by currents of thought circulating throughout the imperial, Atlantic, and common law worlds. Debates over extradition involved questioning the very basis of international law. They also raised difficult questions about civil liberties and human rights. Throughout this period escaped American slaves and other groups made claims for what we would now call refugee status, and argued that their surrender violated codes of law and ideas of justice that transcended the colonies and even the wider British Empire. Such claims sparked a decades-long debate in North America and Europe over how to codify refugee protections. Ultimately, Britain used its imperial power to force Canada to accept such safeguards. Yet even as the formal extradition system developed, an informal system of police abductions operated in the Canadian-American borderlands. This system defied formal law, but it also manifested sophisticated local ideas about community justice and transnational legal order. This thesis argues that extradition and abduction must be understood within three overlapping contexts. The first is the ethos of liberal transnationalism that permeated all levels of state officials in British North America/Canada. This view largely prioritised the erosion of domestic barriers to international cooperation over the protection of individual liberty. It was predicated in large part on the idea of a common North American civilization. The second context is Canada’s place in the British Empire. Extradition and abduction highlight both how British North America/Canada often expounded views on legal order radically different from Britain, but also that even after Confederation in 1867 the empire retained real power to shape Canadian policy. The final context is international law and international legal order. Both extradition and abduction were aspects of law on an international and transnational level. As a result, this thesis examines the processes of migration, adoption, and adaptation of international law.