No description available.

The shifting of asymmetric power balances in South Africa e.g. the acceleration of apartheid disintegration in the 1980s that brought to power the first black majority government in 1994 precipitated an unprecedented rise of antiforeigner attitudes and practices. Since then, spurts of aggression and violence against foreign nationals have occurred regularly. The latest outbreak in May 2008, whose images shocked many people around the world with reminiscences of ethnic cleansing, was not an isolated abnormality but a characteristic phenomenon of post-apartheid figurational trends. While xenophobia is a worldwide phenomenon, South African antiforeigner attitudes have specific cultural and historical contingencies. While all non-citizens are generally viewed negatively, African foreign nationals are more likely than other foreigners to be victims of aggressive antiforeigner attitudes and practices. This dissertation explores as a sociological problem the construction and mobilization of the figure of Makwerekwere, that is, the African foreigner through established-outsider nationalistic discourse and practices in post-apartheid South Africa. The study is based on a number of methods of investigation carried out during ten months of fieldwork between October 2006 and August 2007: Focus-group and individualized interviews; participant observation; analysis of nationalistic antiforeigner narratives from media; analysis of data from other scholars, research organizations, and human rights organizations. Figurational sociology, particularly the theory of the established and the outsiders, is the informative analytical orientation of the study. The study is organized around three sets of analysis: (1) the construction and mobilization of the figure of Makwerekwere by citizens (state agents and civil society agents); (2) the construction and mobilization of the figure of Makwerekwere as it is understood and experienced by those who are arrogated this figure and its characteristics; (3) and the concomitant structural atmosphere of the life-worlds and social spaces populated by those who are assigned the figure of Makwerekwere. These figurational dynamics suggest that although apartheid has been largely dismantled, it has left its imprints on South Africas social habitus. Thus the conclusion of the study situates post-apartheid antiforeigner sentiments and practices, particularly the anti-African orientation of the ideology of Makwerekwere, in the shadows of apartheid.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-05, Section: A, page: 1735.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, June, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-92)

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, June, 2005. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-92)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-212). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

The concept of outsiders has been argued to be one of the main themes in childhood fairy tales in general and in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels in particular. Severus Snape is one of the most evident outsider characters in the novels, described as an unpleasant, ugly man presented as a double agent with uncertain allegiances. When the truth is revealed, in the very last pages of the series, he is discovered to have been an undercover spy for the good side all along. This essay examines Snape as an outsider, and analyzes his effect on the novel, especially his relation to the three characters with whom he interacts most: Dumbledore, Voldemort and Harry. All three of these characters are main characters and are also outsiders themselves in different ways. Examining the relations between good and evil and showing that these concepts are closely tied to choices and reactions towards being an outsider, the essay argues that the analysis of Snape as an outsider helps distinguish between aspects of good and evil in the novel. By focusing on Snape and the concept of the outsider, different dimensions of the novels become visible. Snape is here an instrumental character on his own, and may well be seen as the main character. Although the series in some aspects has been described as a fairy tale, the complex character of Severus Snape gives the novels a further depth appealing not only to children, but to adults as well.

This study aims to examine whether or not teachers of religious studies in Swedish high schools manage to create an including atmosphere in the classroom, and what they are doing to achieve it. The research has been done by participant observation and is of a qualitative nature, where six different lessons taught by six different teachers have been examined and analysed. The focus during the observations have been to find any elements of excluding actions and words from the teacher, and to see what the teacher does to try to create an including environment. The theory of the established and the outsiders as presented by the sociologists Norbert Elias and John L. Scotson makes the foundation upon which the results of this study are analyzed. It can be concluded that there are indeed problematic elements in certain interactions between teacher and pupil during classes, where the teacher accidentally or perhaps without thought says or does things that could make their students feel excluded from the classroom community. These elements could thus have a negative effect on the atmosphere in the classroom, and turn an otherwise potentially including activity into an excluding one. It seems possible, however, to circumvent these problems by using an ethnographic approach when learning and collecting information as a teacher, and when teaching in the classroom environment.

Syftet med föreliggande uppsats var att undersöka vilka sociala problem på de norrländskalandsbygderna som skildras i svenska hiphoptexter, hur de framställs samt på vilket sätt dekan förstås. För att besvara uppsatsens syfte tillämpades en kvalitativ innehållsanalys för attsystematisera det empiriska materialet som texterna utgjorde. För att nå en djupare förståelseför de levnadsförhållanden som skapat sociala problem genomfördes en kvalitativ textanalysutifrån teorierna och begreppen social exkludering, etablerade och outsiders, territoriellstigmatisering samt identitet och skam. Resultaten visade att följande sociala problem skildrasav norrländska hiphopartister: missbruk av alkohol och narkotika, narkotikabruk, ensamhet,psykisk ohälsa, socioekonomiska missförhållanden, kriminalitet och rasism. I analysen avtexterna framkom det även att levnadsförhållandena påverkades av faktorer som fördomarriktade mot Norrland, resursfördelning samt interna intressekonflikter, vilka inte kandefinieras som sociala problem, men som tycktes inverka på artisternas utsagor. Fördomarnasom skildrades i texterna riktade mot de norrländska landsbygderna gav upphov till två olikasätt att reagera; att känna skam eller att mobilisera sig.

Since 2015, Greece has been in an unprecedented position. The Syrian civil war triggered the movement of more than 850,000 arrivals into Greece during 2015 (UNHCR, 2015). Being geographically situated as the closest European country to the east of Syria, Greece had to deal with a large increase in the number of migrating peoples to the country and by proxy, the European Union. This research seeks to understand how power relations between the island’s local population and its asylum seeker population are represented through an analysis of the discourse produced by the local daily press. In particular, the research reviews the discourse surrounding the island’s main square occupation by asylum seekers in April 2018. The theory of the established and outsiders is the framework used for the analysis, while Critical Discourse Analysis and General Inductive Approach constitutes the methodological ground of the thesis. The analysis showcases that Lesvos’ local daily press reproduces a discourse in line with the established and outsiders theory, attributing the local population as being established and the asylum seekers as being outsiders.