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Brynäs IF – Mer än en idrottsförening : En fallstudie om Brynäs IF:s arbete med CSR / CSR in Sport: a Case Study of Brynäs IFEmanuelsson, Philip, Eriksson, Joakim January 2018 (has links)
Bakgrund: Forskning visar att svenska idrottsföreningar besitter grundläggande värden som är att betrakta som samhällsnyttiga. Svenska idrottsföreningar erhåller likaså ett ekonomiskt stöd från den offentliga sektorn som ett erkännande av dess samhällsnytta. Likväl har svenska idrottsföreningar börjat arbeta med CSR likt företag för att bidra till samhället. En av dessa svenska idrottsföreningar är Brynäs IF som arbetar med ett omfattade CSR-arbete trots att deras kärnverksamhet, dvs. idrotten i sig, redan bidrar med samhällsnytta. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att bidra med en ökad förståelse varför Brynäs IF arbetar med CSR trots att deras kärnverksamhet redan bidrar med samhällsnytta och om CSR-arbetet har betydelse för huvudsponsorerna. Metod: Forskningsdesignen som tillämpades var en fallstudie för att beskriva det enskilda fallet Brynäs IF. En kvalitativ metod med intervjuer användes som angreppssätt för att bidra med en ökad förståelse. Slutsats: Anledningen till att Brynäs IF arbetar med CSR beror på olika saker. Dels tillmötesgår de kraven från huvudsponsorerna. Dels erhåller de även ökade sponsorintäkter i och med CSR-arbetet. Studien visar även att CSR-arbetet är en väsentlig anledning till varför huvudsponsorerna sponsrar Brynäs IF. / Background: Research shows that Swedish sport organisations possesses socially useful values. Swedish sport organisations obtain as well economic support from the government as a recognition of their socially beneficial basis. However, Swedish sport organisations have begun working with CSR like companies in order to contribute to the society. One of these sport organisations is Brynäs IF, who is working with a comprehensive CSR despite their socially beneficial basis. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge why Brynäs IF working with CSR despite their socially beneficial basis and if CSR is essential for the main sponsors. Method: The research strategy adopted was a case study in order to describe the case of Brynäs IF. A qualitative method with interviews was used in order to increase the knowledge. Findings: The reason why Brynäs IF working with CSR depends on different motives. First of all, they meet the requirement from their main sponsors. Secondly, they obtain a higher amount of sponsorship revenue. This study also shows that CSR is an essential reason why the main sponsors is associated with Brynäs IF.
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Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder management in Unilever Ghana ltdDiallo, Aissata, Ewusie, Nana Benyiwa January 2011 (has links)
The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and stakeholder management is relatively new to the Ghanaian business sector. Unilever Ghana ltd. has consistently had a prominent CSR drive in Ghana for several years. It has been found that stakeholder involvement in CSR is important for implementing relevant CSR programs which creates goodwill, good reputation and enhances business value. It is on this basis that this case study of Unilever Ghana was conducted. It investigates the CSR process of the company, the involvement and management of stakeholders in that regard and the relationship with corporate (financial) performance. Using the stakeholder approach as theoretical frame, interviews with open-ended questioning style as well as documents are used as sources of evidence. Analysis of the data is done with the help of building empirical models which will serve as guidelines for management practitioners dealing with stakeholder relations and CSR in modern Ghana.
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Utvärdering av hållbarhetsredovisning : En studie som visar viktiga faktorer vid aktieägarnas utvärdering och jämförelser av hållbarhetsredovisningar / Evaluation of sustainability reports : A study presenting important factors in shareholders evaluation and comparisons of sustainability reportsEnström, Frida, Hermanssson, Emma January 2017 (has links)
Bakgrund Idag inkluderas arbetet med CSR i företagens verksamheter och de upprättar också hållbarhetsredovisningar vilket är en följd av ökade påtryckningar från samhället och företagets intressenter, däribland aktieägare. Tidigare studier konstaterar att informationen i hållbarhetsredovisningar varierar väldigt mycket vilket försvårar möjligheten att som läsare kunna utvärdera olika hållbarhetsredovisningar och jämföra mellan olika företag. Till exempel måste aktieägarna tolka och värdera CSR-aktiviteterna på rätt sätt för att det ska skapa ett värde för dem. Företagets arbete med CSR kan skapa värde genom att det ökar förtroendet hos intressenterna och vid negativa händelser skyddar det företaget. Syfte Vårt syfte är att bidra med förståelse för hållbarhetsredovisningens användbarhet vid en jämförelse mellan olika företag samt vilken information som är viktig för aktieägare att utvärdera i hållbarhetsredovisningar. Genomförande Vi har genomfört vår studie i linje med den kvalitativa metoden. Vi har samlat in empiri via sex semistrukturerade intervjuer. Analysen av det empiriska resultatet i förhållande till de teorier och de tidigare studierna som presenterats i vår teoretiska referensram har lett till fram till vår slutsats. Resultat Studien visar att transparens, trovärdighet och väsentlighet är viktiga faktorer för aktieägare att utvärdera i hållbarhetsredovisningar. Aktieägare bör dessutom utvärdera risker, samt sannolikheten att dessa kommer inträffa och vad det kommer att få för konsekvenser. Vår studie visar att hållbarhetsredovisningarna är användbara vid en jämförelse mellan olika företag eftersom utvärderingen sker utifrån helhetsperspektiv, vilket gör att aktieägarna kan bortse att hållbarhetsrapporterna redovisar olika slags information. / Background Today companies include CSR in their operations and establish sustainability reports which is a consequence of increased pressure from society and company stakeholders, including shareholders. Previous studies find that the information in sustainability reports varies, which complicates the ability of readers to evaluate different sustainability reports and compare it between companies. For example, to receive value from the CSR-activities, shareholders must in a correct way interpret and value the activities. Companies' work with CSR can create value for shareholders by increasing the trust of stakeholders which leads to protection of the company when negative events occur. Purpose Our purpose is to contribute to understanding the use of sustainability reports when comparing between different companies and what information that is important for shareholders to evaluate in sustainability reports. Methods We conducted our study in line with the qualitative method. The empirical data was gathered through six semi-structured interviews. Analyses of the empirical result in relation to theories and previous studies presented in our theoretical framework led to our conclusions. Results This study shows that transparency, credibility and essential are important factors for shareholders to evaluate in sustainability reports. Shareholders should also evaluate risks, as well as the probability that these will occur and what it will have for consequences. Our study shows that sustainability reports are useful when comparing different companies because the evaluation is based on the comprehensive picture, which allows shareholders to ignore the fact that the companies report different types of information.
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"De högt hängande frukterna" : En studie av koldioxidskattens inverkan på skogsindustrin / "The high-hanging fruits” : A study on the impact of carbon dioxide tax in the forest industryRosquist, Mattias January 2017 (has links)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to investige how Swedish companies in the pulp- and paper industry are affected by the CO2 tax and how their perceived effects differs from the actual effects. The work includes interviews with employer representatives from six different companies. The respondents have been chosen based on their position in the company. Furthermore a pilot study was conducted with two interviews leading the study to the right direction. One of them was a tax expert at Skatteverket and the other one was an Energy Director at Skogsindustrierna. The questions asked were for example: “How do you work with sustainability issues”, “are your business affected by any special environmental taxes” and “what do you think about existing environmental regulations”. One of the conclusions turned out to be, that all of the companies are well informed about the sustainability issues. Most of the companies are also working with these issues on a high strategic level. Only one company thought that the Swedish taxation law affected their competitiveness. Another conclusion is that there is almost no complaints about different taxes and especially not the CO2 tax. One company complained however about the tax on NOx. Most of the investments have already been implemented or the technology is not sufficiently developed. / År 1995 trädde lagen om skatt på energi i kraft och kom då att samla alla fem tidigare lagar kring energi och koldioxid under ett och samma paraply. Sett ur en internationell synvinkel har Sverige en väldigt hög koldioxidskatt och vissa intresseorganisationer menar att den höga koldioxidskatten drabbar småföretag. Andra framstående miljövetare menar att Sverige är ett föregångsland och en förebild då vi lyckats kombinera en ekonomisk tillväxt samtidigt som vi haft minskade utsläpp. Enligt en studie är det fem huvudsakliga industrier som drabbats hårdast av koldioxidskatten, däribland skogsindustrin, vilket bidragit till att den utgjort det empiriska bidraget till denna rapport. I och med att åsikterna kring skatternas reella påverkan på klimatet i förhållande till skattens storlek går isär, så är det intressant att studera hur företagen i verkligheten agerar på de skatter som införs, dvs om deras agerande stämmer överens med deras åsikter och ståndpunkter. Det svenska näringslivet har varit en viktig aktör i arbetet med att minska miljöpåverkan från samhällets olika institutioner. Att arbeta med hållbarhet innebär att minska miljöpåverkan både ur ett miljömässigt och socialt perspektiv och samtidigt kunna visa på lönsamhet. De organisationer som fokuserar p h llbarhet har ett högre börsvärde och bättre ekonomisk avkastning. Existerande regleringar och miljöskatter är dock ifrågasatta av många företag och de säger sig uppleva dessa som inkonsistenta, ineffektiva och oklara. Klimatrelaterade styrmedel påverkar industrin till investeringar och nya styrmedel uppfattas ofta som hot gällande industrins konkurrenskraft men inte alltid då de också öppnar upp för innovativa ideér. Denna rapport syftar till att studera svenska företag inom sågverks-, massa- och pappersindustrin, och hur de berörs av olika energiskatter. En förstudie genomfördes med en person på Skatteverket och en person inom skogsindustrins branschorganisation - Skogsindustrierna. I studien gjordes ett urval bestående av totalt sex företag. Vidare användes en abduktiv kvalitativ ansats i studien. Resultaten visar att företagen mestadels är överens om frågor kopplade till miljö. Den övervägande åsikten är att företagen är positivt inställda till de olika skatterna med undantag från ett företag som tycker de är för höga. Alla företag var väl informerade om de olika regleringarna och arbetet med dessa frågor bedrivs på strategisk nivå. Alla deltagande företag hade också ett aktivt hållbarhetsarbete där de flesta ligger i framkant och har väl utarbetade strategier för hur de ska vara så miljövänliga som möjligt. De miljöaspekter som företagen måste ta hänsyn till varierar men rent generellt är transporter genomgående en betydande miljöaspekt för samtliga företag. Andra betydande miljöaspekter är CO2, NOx och el. Företagen har insett att ett proaktivt miljöarbete i många fall är bra för ekonomin men att det också ökar de positiva uppfattningarna om företaget vilken i sin tur påverkar förutsättningarna för fler affärer. De flesta av företagen har således kommit väldigt långt i sitt hållbarhetsarbete och många av de investeringar som idag är möjliga att göra är redan gjorda eller så är tekniken inte tillräckligt utvecklad.
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Effekterna av revisionspliktens avskaffande på skattefel : En studie ur Skatteverkets perspektivTörnlund, Therese, Hosseini, Reihanna January 2015 (has links)
Avskaffandet av revisionsplikten för mindre aktiebolag trädde i kraft år 2010. Både positiva och negativa åsikter gällande denna lag har förekommit sedan avskaffandet trädde i kraft. En fördel är att mindre aktiebolag kan undgå kostnader för revisionsarvodet. En nackdel är att risken för skattefel och andra bokföringsfel kan öka om företagen väljer bort revision och detkan i sin tur leda till ökade kostnader i form av skattetillägg om Skatteverket gör en kontroll. I värsta fall kan det även leda till näringsförbud om de små aktiebolagen inte följer lagar och regler gällande skatter och andra avgifter. Skattefel kan vara avsiktliga och oavsiktliga och dessa fel har stor påverkan på företagets intressenter. Skatteverket anses vara en primär intressent för företaget eftersom denna myndighet kan ha stor påverkan på företagetsfortlevnad.Det övergripande syftet med studien är att beskriva och analysera om revisionspliktens avskaffande påverkat förekomsten av skattefel ur Skatteverkets perspektiv, om skattefelen påverkats av redovisningskonsultens roll, om det finns några branscher som är särskiltdrabbade samt vad myndigheten gör för att motverka uppkomsten av skattefel. För att uppfylla syftet har en kvalitativ studie genomförts i form av intervjuer med anställda inom myndigheten. Med stöd av den teoretiska referensramen och informationen från intervjuerna analyserades resultatet, vilket i sin tur lade grund för slutsatsen. Resultatet av denna studie visar bland annat att revisionspliktens avskaffande har påverkat förekomsten av skattefel och Skatteverkets personal upplever att kvaliteten på årsredovisningarna försämrats. Studiens slutsats belyser att Skatteverket som en intressent har påverkats av revisionspliktens avskaffande och i samband med detta har myndigheten utökat sina insatser och kontroller.Skatteverket kan med hjälp av de revideringar som utförs se att andelen skattefel är större hos nystartade företag, vilket kan bero på okunskap. Det förekommer även mer fel i branscher med omfattande kontanthantering. / The abolition of the audit requirement for small limited companies entered into force in 2010. Positive and negative opinions regarding this law have occurred since the abolition took effect. An advantage is that smaller companies can escape the cost of the audit fee. A disadvantage is that the risk of tax errors and other accounting errors increases as companies opt-out audit and this can in turn lead to increased costs in the form of additional tax if the tax office makes a check. In the worst cases, it can even lead to disqualification if the small company does not follow the laws and rules applicable to taxes and other fees. Tax errors can be intentional or unintentional and these errors have a major impact on the company’sstakeholders. The tax office is considered to be a primary stakeholder for the company because this authority can have a significant impact on the continuity of its business activities. The overall objective of the study is to describe and analyze if and how the audit duty elimination impacted on the incidence of tax errors from the Swedish Tax Agency perspective, and authority what it does to counteract the emergence of tax errors. In order to meet the aim a qualitative study has been carried out in the form of interviews with employees of the authority. On the basis of the theoretical framework, the information from theinterviews was analyzed which in turn laid the basis for the conclusions. The study’s conclusions highlight that the tax agency as a stakeholder has been affected by the abolition of the audit obligation and in connection with this, the agency increased its actions and controls. The results of this study further show that the audit abolition has affected the incidence of tax errors, and the quality of the financial statements has deteriorated. The Swedish Tax Agency has from the outcome audits found that the proportion of the tax errorsis greater in start-ups, which may be due to ignorance. There are also more errors in industries with extensive cash handling.
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Female board members and company performance : Do companies with female directors perform better than companies without females on their boards? Evidence from Sweden.Olofsson, Ida, Larsson, Mikaela January 2017 (has links)
Background: Females are underrepresented in Swedish boards, and in 2016 females represented 29 % of all board members. Many researchers have studied the relationship between the gender composition of company boards and company performance, but they have not managed to reach consensus in explaining the relationship. Pure shareholder theory suggests that the company philosophy is to focus on profitability and shareholder maximization. If the gender distribution in the board affects the performance of the company, some companies may underperform because of their board composition. If so, this is an issue that should be solved according to the shareholder theory and some adjustments to the composition should be done. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not companies with female directors on their boards perform better than companies without female directors on their boards. The target group of the study is Swedish listed companies with a statutory domicile in Sweden. Method: For conducting this research, data for a period of three years (2013-2015) are collected from a sample of 94 Swedish listed companies. The performance measurements investigated are the ratios; ROE, profit margin, ROCE, EBIT margin and EPS. As for control variables, the board size and company size are used. An independent samples t-test is conducted, as well as a correlation matrix analysis and a regression analysis, to fulfil the purpose of this study. Conclusion: The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between female representation in the boardroom and the ratio EBIT margin. However, the correlation strength is so weak that it is not fair to draw the conclusion that female representation has a positive effect on the financial performance of the companies. Also, the regression analysis shows no relationship between the two variables. However, this study contributes by showing that there is no negative correlation between the presence of females on boards and the financial performance of the companies.
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Společenská odpovědnost vybrané firmy / Corporate Social Responsibility of a particular companyMarič, Irma January 2012 (has links)
The Master's thesis deals with corporate social responsibility. The first part is dedicated to the definition of the term Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and to historical development of the whole strategy. It also includes explanation of the main theoretical concepts related to the topic (Tripple Bottom Line, Carroll's Pyramid, Stakeholder Theory, etc.) Following part deals with the implementation of CSR into practice and with advantages and disadvantages of the whole concept. Next chapter is focused on national and international organizations, initiatives and certificates that help companies to put the strategy of CSR in place. The practical part of the thesis deals with corporate social responsibility of Pilsner Urquell, one of the world's best known Czech breweries. Emphasis is put on the matter of CSR seen as philantrophic activity in comparison with CSR seen as a part of marketing and PR strategy.
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Environmental, Social and Governance-Ratings and Risk in SwedenEngström, Fredrika, Martinsson, Sanna January 2020 (has links)
Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are increasingly important subjects in today's society. To measure a company's Corporate Social Performance (CSP); the ESG-rating has been developed throughout the years. As investors and the public are starting to acknowledge a company's sustainable actions and the importance of these, more and more companies choses to be rated using ESG-rating. As the knowledge around the subject has started to increase, we want to find out if it affects the risk of a company or an investment? Theories relating to the topic, such as stakeholder theory, suggests that satisfying all of a company’s stakeholders creates value for a company. Previous studies in the topic has interpreted this as high ESG-ratings should equal lower risks for the company. Additionally, previous studies in the relationship between sustainability and profitability shows a positive correlation between the two, meaning that companies that incorporate sustainability in general have higher profits. The purpose of this study is to investigate if high ESG-ratings could lead to lower firm’s risk in Sweden. There has been a lot of previous research in the area, but none focusing on Sweden. The majority of the previous studies have concluded that there exists a negative relationship between CSP and a firm’s risk, which indicates that if a company would integrate CSR it could lower the risk. This study will include 145 Swedish companies with 2,610 firm-year observations from the period 2001-12-21 to 2019-12-31. The risk measures used are; Total Risk (Volatility), Systematic Risk (Beta) and Idiosyncratic Risk. As for the ESG-ratings, the data is obtained from ASSET4 from the database Thomson Reuters Eikon as the measure of CSP. Furthermore a multiple regression analysis is performed to statistically investigate the relationship between a company's ESG-rate (and the three pillars Environmental, Social and Governance) and risk. The study concluded that there exists a statistically significant positive relationship between Volatility and Idiosyncratic Risk and the ESG-score for Swedish firms. As for the individual pillars; Environmental (ENV), Social (SOC) and Governance (GOV); the result indicated that there existed a statistically significant positive relationship between Volatility and Idiosyncratic Risk with the two pillars; ENV and GOV, respectively. This suggests that the higher ESG-score, ENV and GOV-scores of Swedish firms the higher Volatility and Idiosyncratic Risk. Neither Volatility or Idiosyncratic risk showed a statistically significant relationship with the social pillar. Consequently we are not able to confirm the relationship between Volatility and Idiosyncratic Risk with the Social pillar. Regarding Beta, the study found no statistically significant relationship with the ESG-score, as well as for the individual pillars; Environmental, Social and Governance. Therefore we are not able to confirm a relationship for Beta and the ESG-score, ENV, SOC and GOV-scores. As a final remark this study concluded the opposite as for previous research and consequently this thesis has contributed with new knowledge within the area of ESG-rating and risk for Swedish companies.
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Family-Owned or -Managed Higher Education Institutions: A Special Kind of GovernanceChoi, Edward Woong Shik January 2020 (has links)
Thesis advisor: Hans de Wit / The family ownership context has been investigated across many business settings, within the manufacturing, trade, and services industries. The consensus among scholars has been that families that own and operate firms act in self-serving ways and frame organizational problems and make decisions with the primary goal of satisfying the family’s affective needs, i.e., preserve or augment what is referred to as socioemotional wealth. However, the theoretical reasoning of socioemotional wealth theory may fall apart in traditional university settings, where self-serving behaviors may lead to (pronounced) agency conflict. Universities have been long understood for their politicized governance environs in which multiple stakeholder groups have representation in decision-making. Within this reality, families involved in higher education management may be challenged to act self-servingly and protect or enhance certain socioemotional wealth. They may need to act in altruistic ways to avoid agency conflict. I investigate whether this is the case through a single, critical case study approach conducted at one family-owned or -managed university in India. I rely on what Yin (2003) refers to as “rival explanation as patterns” to test socioemotional theory relative to a rival theoretical framework. I ask the important question of whether this rival theory can address the limitations of socioemotional wealth theory when applied to the higher education context. As expected, findings generally suggest that where socioemotional wealth theory fails to capture family decision-making behaviors, the rival theory is relevant. This finding is important to consider and has several implications to theory, practice, and future research. Importantly, the findings support that current family-owned business theorizing is not enough to capture family decision-making behaviors in the context of traditional university settings. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.
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Global Reporting Initiative-rapportering i två branscher : En komparativ studie om Global Reporting Initiative-rapportering / Global Reporting Initiative-reporting in two industries : A comparative study on Global Reporting Initiative-reportingLindström, Konrad, Engdahl, Pontus January 2021 (has links)
Sustainability reporting today is an important tool for companies to show how they work with sustainable development. The design of the companies' sustainability reports can vary since the regulations can be seen as somewhat vague. GRI provides a framework and standards that create a common language for organizations and its reporting of current economic, environmental, and social aspects. However, GRI is voluntary to follow which creates a possibility for both similarities and differences in companies' sustainability reporting. The study was conducted with a qualitative research strategy and a comparative design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sustainability work of selected companies based on sustainability reporting according to GRI based on stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory and institutional theory. The aim of the study is to compare companies active in the trade and real estate industry to distinguish any similarities and differences. To shed light on the purpose of the study, an analysis of the companies' sustainability reports of four selected years has been carried out, as well as an interview from one of the real estate companies. A comparison has then been made between the companies to point out potential similarities or differences. The analysis of the empirical material indicates that there are some similarities and differences between the surveyed industries' reporting of GRI standards. The main differences are found in the social part of GRI reporting, while the financial and environmental reporting appears to be equally similar. Development over time of GRI reporting also differs between industries. These similarities and differences have been analyzed with the use of stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory and institutional theory.
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