Cette thèse a pour ambition de résoudre le problème central de la philosophie morale et politique qu'est celui du consentement à la soumission par la construction d'un concept philosophique de soumission et par la résolution du problème dans le cadre de la soumission féminine. Nous montrons 1/ que l'étude de la soumission est nécessaire à une théorie du pouvoir, qu'elle implique de changer de perspective pour adopter le point de vue de ceux sur qui le pouvoir s'exerce et décrire leur expérience, mais qu'elle semble contradictoire avec la liberté naturelle des individus; 2/ que lorsque l'on restreint l'analyse du problème du consentement à la soumission à la façon dont il se pose dans le cadre des rapports homme-femme, il est impossible de tenir ensemble le concept de consentement et celui de soumission. Si l'on adopte une perspective libérale, le consentement de l'agent prévaut et dissout la soumission dans sa spécificité; si, au contraire, l'on insiste sur la dimension structurelle de la soumission féminine, le consentement n'apparaît que comme un manifestation de la fausse conscience des opprimées; 3/ qu'en surmontant la dichotomie entre individu et structure par les apports de la théorie économique et de la philosophie beauvoirienne, le consentement à la soumission n'apparaît plus comme une contradiction mais comme un choix rationnel des femmes qui s'explique par leur situation et l'ambiguïté de leur existence. La soumission est fondée sur un consentement mais qui diffère du consentement juridique du libéralisme et, ainsi, n'est pas contradictoire avec la réalité de l'oppression qui se joue dans ce consentement même. / This dissertation aims at resolving a central problem in moral and political philosophy, the problem of consenting to one' own submission, by building a philosophical concept of submission and resolving of the problem in the specific context of female submission. We argue that 1/ studying submission is crucial for a theory of power, that it implies a change of perspective in order to adopt the stand point of those on whom power is exerted and to describe their experience, but that such a study seems at odds with the natural freedom of individual; 2/ when one narrows the analysis to the problem of consent to submission in the context of male/female relations, it is impossible to hold together the concept of consent and the concept of submission. From a liberal perspective, the agent's consent prevails and dissolves submission in its specificity; conversely, when emphasizing the structural dimension of female submission, consent only appears as a demonstration of the false consciousness of the oppressed; 3/when one overcomes the agency/structure dichotomy through the methods and results of economic theory and Beauvoir's philosophy, consent to submission stops appearing as a contradiction, and is instead revealed as a rational choice of women, explained by their situation and the ambiguity of their existence. Submission is thus founded by a consent -a consent that is not the liberal legal consent and, as such, is not contradictory to the reality of the oppression at stake in this very consent.

Language and gender is one of the most intriguing and interesting areas in sociolinguistic study. It investigates how men and women (or boys and girls) use language differently in social contexts. Extensive study and research has been carried out in this field, particularly in regard to the English language. Eminent linguists such as Ronald Wardhaugh, David Crystal, Ralph Fasold, and Deborah Tannen have studied varying male-female use of the English language. They have also attempted comparison with other languages and cultures. Wardhaugh, for instance, has studied male-female use of language in English, American-Indian languages (such as Gros Ventre), Asian and Oriental languages (Yukaghir, Japanese) among others, and his findings have become the subject of several of his published works. In their investigations they have found that almost invariably, the way men use language shows them to be socially dominant over women. This persists even in such cases as in the Malagasy language spoken in Madagascar, where men display linguistic characteristics more popularly associated with women and vice versa (Wardhaugh). This paper seeks to determine whether men use language to dominate women among the Kikuyu ethnic group of Kenya, East Africa, to which I belong. Areas such as terms used to refer to men and women, taboo language and language use in marital situations are examined, among others. I also attempt to find out what influence this has had on English spoken in Kenya.

O ensino das disciplinas de fundamentos de programação e teste de software não é trivial. Várias iniciativas têm sido investigadas a fim de amenizar os problemas associados a essa atividade. Uma dessas iniciativas é o ensino conjunto de conceitos básicos de programação e de teste de software em disciplinas introdutórias dos cursos de Ciências da Computação. Este trabalho insere-se nessa perspectiva, tendo como principal objetivo fornecer subsídios para o ensino integrado de fundamentos de programação OO e teste de software. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi desenvolvido um módulo educacional integrado de fundamentos de programação OO e teste de software, utilizando uma abordagem integrada para modelagem de conteúdos educacionais. Ênfase é dada na modelagem dos aspectos conceituais, instrucionais e didáticos dos domínios de conhecimento envolvidos. Além disso, também foi desenvolvido um ambiente, denominado ProgTest, baseado na Web e na concepção de software livre, para submissão e avaliação de trabalhos práticos dos alunos. O ambiente foi integrado com ferramentas de teste de modo que a avaliação dos trabalhos seja realizada com base em atividades de teste. Os programas e os resultados são avaliados com base em padrões de consistência, eficácia e eficiência uniformes. Os professores também podem ter uma redução na sua carga de trabalho, uma vez que o sistema avalia automaticamente tanto os casos de teste quanto o código do programa. / The teaching of fundamentals of programming and software testing is not trivial. Many attempts have been investigated in order to reduce the problems associated to this activity. One of these initiatives is the teaching of basic concepts and techniques of programming in conjunction with software testing in introductory courses of the Computer Science. In this sense, this work aims at providing mechanisms to the integrated teaching of fundamentals of OO programming and software testing. To achieve this goal, we developed an integrated educational module of fundamentals of OO programming and software testing, using an integrated approach to model the educational contents. We focus on conceptual, instructional and didactic modeling of the knowledge domains. Furthermore, an open source Web-based environment, named ProgTest, was also developed for the submission and evaluation of practical assignments to the students. The environment was integrated with testing tools, so the evaluation of the assignments is performed based on testing activities. The assignments and the results are evaluated based on the uniform standards in terms of consistence, efficacy and efficiency. The professors can have their workload reduced with this environment, once the system automatically evaluates both the code of the assignment as well as its test cases.

Karolina Suková Abstract People have been living with dogs (Canis familiaris) in close symbiotic relationship for many thousands of years. Such a kind of coexistence cannot get along without certain risk factors. Although aggression is a natural and wide spread phenomenon in the animal kingdom, manifestation of canine aggression toward people is a public health problem which has to be resolved. Dog bites can cause traumatic injuries to victims and decrease the quality of life or even cause the loss of life to the animal. Therefore there is a serious need to determine the risk factors of dog attacks to people and provide effective preventive strategies to this problem. We consider two kinds of risk factors to be fundamental in this respect: factors depend on the dog (e.g. age, breed, sex and size) and factors depend on the owner (e.g. method of training, prior experience with care of dogs, knowledge of natural behavior of dog, time dedicated to dog etc.). Our study examined this risk factors using a questionaire. Seventy two respondents (owners of both aggressive and non-aggressive dogs) participated on our study. Our results suggest that owner's knowledge of natural behavior of dog, time which the owner dedicates to his dog and sex of the dog correlate significantly with canine aggression toward people. Key...

The present doctoral thesis is focused on consensual forms of sexual violence. In both theoretical and empirical aspects, it is based on existing information available in Czech as well as foreign research. Furthermore, this thesis utilises general findings of research on partner violence, as this topic has a long tradition at the Department of Sociology of the Faculty of Arts at Charles University. The selected topic is understood as a social phenomenon that is gradually becoming a part of culture. It includes a number of medical, psychological and legal aspects; the sociological approach, however, is central, both in employed methodology and in the utilisation of partial sociological theories. This thesis endeavours to assess to what extent the issue of consensual sexual violence becomes a part of culture and to what extent there is a shift from the sphere of intimate relationships and communities to a more or less open market environment and the Internet. Given the breadth of scope and the highly specific nature of the topic, the present thesis makes use of several sources of both quantitative and qualitative data from 2015- 2019. The paper explores in detail especially the attitudes and the degree of tolerance in the Czech population towards selected forms of violence, including consensual...

The main purpose of this master's thesis is to create electronic mail room of The BUT. First of all I described problems concerning a digital signature, its use and safety, and as well as sphere of qualified certificates and method of their issuing by certification authority. The next part of the thesis deals with systems enabling electronic submission (so-called "Electronic Mail Room"). I have focused on available applications providing electronic submission service to civil offices, and subsequently analyzed functions that individual applications offer to the Mail Room clients as well as to authority staff. On the basis of gained knowledge and according CVIS requirements I created project of electronic submission for needs of the Brno University of Technology. Result of this thesis is the application of electronic mail room, implemented in BUT portal.

The purpose of this research journey is twofold: 1. To deconstruct the Christ-church metaphor in Ephesians 5:21-33 in pastoral marital therapy. To find a more ethical interpretation of this metaphor which can be used as an aid in marital therapy in order to deconstruct patriarchal stereotypes in marriage. 2. To discover the possible value of such an interpretation for marital therapy as well as to describe the journey with a couple who helped to determine the process by which this interpretation could be used as and aid to deconstruct patriarchal discourses in marriage. / Practical Theology / (M.Th. (Specialisation Pastoral Therapy))

- Blank Note This thesis deals with blank note (incomplete instrument) as a particular subset of promissory notes/bills of exchange. It is comprised of a brief introduction on history of securities followed by a summarization of development of prommisory note, including its legislative history in the Czech Republic. International conferences aiming to unify the subject matter are also considered. The main body of the text aims to define the incomplete instrument; the definitions itself subsequently subdivided to provide comprehensive description of form, minimal content of the instrument, demands placed on signature and on the intent of parties to create an inchoate note. A whole individual chapter investigates one of the crucial elements typical of incomplete instrument, which is authority to fill in empty spots as given by the signee to a holder. Thus, its goal is to illustrate its nature and the ways it can originate and terminate. It being the crucial issue of many litigations concerning a once incomplete promissory note, particular attention is given to termination of such authority while the largest part of this chapter looks at application of licence to fill in violation of the authority given. In this context, a brief description of possible penal repercussions follows. The thesis also...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ageu Libonati Junior.pdf: 939635 bytes, checksum: 6528ab3c986bd8fca76dacec9b6d0734 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-17 / The aim of this work is to study the passive submission of the social contribution named Education Wage, currently predicted on the article 212, § 5.º, of the 1988 s Federal Constitution. The study analyses the norms of that contribution, since it appeared in the 1934 s Federal Constitution until its current form, with the objective to show that exists a legislature s clear intention to specify the passive subject of this tax. To prepare a concept of company, from the analysis of our Federal Constitution, having as a main objective its systematic interpretation, also considering its linguistics system that, produced by the Constituent Assembly, brings about messages to the whole society. Then, the correct interpretation of company, as it is in the Federal Constitution, reveals the potentials taxpayers of that social contribution, which must be respected when the legislature turn on that concept. This work demonstrates that our Supreme Court, despite several jurisprudence precedents, did not face the question about the concept of company, once they judged that the laws 9.424/96 e 9.766/98 are according to our Constitution. Therefore, the correct way to broach the education wage s passive submission deserves special attention and is the target of this study / O presente trabalho tem por desígnio o estudo da sujeição passiva da contribuição social denominada salário-educação, atualmente prevista no art. 212, § 5.º da Constituição Federal de 1988. O estudo faz análise das proposições normativas desta contribuição, desde o seu aparecimento na Constituição Federal de 1934 até os moldes atuais, procurando demonstrar que há uma clara intenção do legislador constitucional em determinar precisamente o sujeito passivo deste tributo. Elaborar um conceito de empresa, a partir da análise da própria Constituição Federal, tendo como foco principal a sua interpretação sistemática, considerando-a como um sistema lingüístico que, produzido pelo Poder Constituinte, é portador de mensagens para toda a sociedade. Dessa forma, a correta interpretação do vocábulo constitucional empresa revela os possíveis contribuintes dessa contribuição social, que devem ser respeitados quando o legislador está positivando esse conceito. O trabalho demonstra que o Supremo Tribunal Federal, apesar de vários precedentes jurisprudenciais, não enfrentou a questão sobre o conceito do signo empresa, ao analisar constitucionalidade nas Leis ns. 9.424/96 e 9.766/98. Portanto, a correta abordagem da sujeição passiva do salário-educação merece destaque e é alvo deste estudo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Chamma Candido.pdf: 1103798 bytes, checksum: e56a1416e2ac835ee277a8dc67534795 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-20 / This paper has a proposal of delimiting the legal regime of penalties applicable to individuals that celebrates administrative contracts with Public Administration. In order to do that, we analyze the legal relationship between parts in an administrative contract, its legal basis, purpose and peculiarities. Next, we try to locate the applicable penalties in the administrative contracts within the universe of all the penalties available to State by the legal system, highlighting the peculiarities of the legal system applicable to them. So, the administrative contract must be recognized with sort of special relationship of submission, which means, a link that generates a specific legal situation, where the contractor assumes the obligation to comply with the contract, its established rules and the possible changes that may occur in the amendment. The individual s contact with the Public Administration, through the contractual relationship, demands an internal discipline in order to ensure their proper exercise. This internal discipline is in charge of the Administration because it is impossible to the legislator to predict all the requirements for a successful implementation of all the administrative contracts and also because a general forecast of such would eliminate entirely the freedom of the Administration to amend the contract terms, as changing the public interest subjacent. One of the privilege conferred to the Administration in relation to the existing special entry in the administrative contract is the competence penalty, which means, the legal authorization to punish individuals that breaks their duties voluntarily assumed by the administrative contract. In the case of special circumstances for entry, the constitutional principles that limit the activity of the State penalty are flexible and shall apply in a more elastic manner. Thus, the law gives the power to sanction a plea, but not necessarily typifies the offenses and penalties. These can then be governed by rules, such as in the cases of agencies, for example or may be established in the contract. The typification is required, but not in the legal level, with no unconstitutionality in such a legal regime / O presente trabalho busca delimitar o regime jurídico das sanções aplicáveis aos particulares que celebram contratos administrativos com a Administração Pública. Para isso, analisamos a relação jurídica formada entre as partes no contrato administrativo, seu fundamento jurídico, sua finalidade e seus aspectos peculiares. Em seguida, procuramos situar as sanções aplicáveis nos contratos administrativos no universo das diversas espécies de penalidades colocadas à disposição do Estado pelo ordenamento jurídico, destacando as peculiaridades do regime jurídico aplicável a elas. Assim, o contrato administrativo deve ser reconhecido como espécie de relação de sujeição especial, isto é, vínculo que gera uma situação jurídica específica, em que o contratado assume a obrigação de cumprir o objeto do contrato, as regras estabelecidas neste e as alterações porventura realizadas no ajuste. O contato do particular com a Administração Pública, através da relação contratual, exige uma disciplina interna para garantir seu bom exercício. Essa disciplina interna é deixada a cargo da Administração por ser impossível para o legislador prever todas as exigências para a boa execução de todos os contratos administrativos e porque uma previsão geral dessa espécie tolheria por completo a liberdade da Administração de alteração das cláusulas contratuais, conforme fosse alterado o interesse público subjacente. Uma das prerrogativas conferidas à Administração no âmbito da relação de sujeição especial existente no contrato administrativo é a competência sancionatória, ou seja, a autorização legal para punir os particulares que descumprem seus deveres assumidos voluntariamente por meio do contrato administrativo. Por se tratar de hipótese de sujeição especial, os princípios constitucionais que limitam a atividade sancionatória do Estado são flexibilizados, aplicam-se de uma maneira mais elástica. Dessa forma, a lei dá fundamento ao poder de sanção, mas não necessariamente tipifica as infrações e as sanções. Estas podem ser reguladas posteriormente via regulamento, como no caso das agências, por exemplo, ou podem ser estabelecidas no contrato. A tipificação é exigida, mas não a nível legal, sem existir qualquer inconstitucionalidade em tal regime jurídico