The future of the fashion industry is expected to be online, thus a significant amount of research is being conducted in the field of fashion image analysis. Currently, a task that places a heavy workload on online stores is manually tagging new garments, including attributes such as category, color, pattern, or style. To this end, extensive research has targeted the automatic prediction of clothing categories and attributes, achieving promising results. Nevertheless, no previous study has been found in the literature that specifically reflects the performance of clothing attribute recognition with children’s clothing. This work intends to fill this gap and effectively present, in the same fashion analysis task, how a model trained in adult fashion performs over a model trained exclusively in children’s fashion. When examining the global understanding of children’s fashion apparel, the experiments exhibit that the best performance is obtained when leveraging the domain knowledge of adult fashion, specifically from the iMaterialist dataset, wherein the best model a difference in the overall performance of about 3% was achieved compared to pre- training on the ImageNet dataset or 12% when only children’s fashion was considered for training. / Modebranschen förväntas i framtiden vara online, och därför bedrivs det mycket forskning inom området bildanalys av modebilder. En uppgift som för närvarande innebär en stor arbetsbörda för nätbutiker är att manuellt tagga nya plagg med attribut som kategori, färg, mönster eller stil. Därför har omfattande forskning genomförts om automatisk förutsägelse av klädkategorier och attribut, och man har uppnått lovande resultat. Trots detta har ingen tidigare studie hittats i litteraturen som specifikt speglar prestandan för igenkänning av klädattribut för barnkläder. Syftet med det här arbetet är att fylla denna lucka och, som en del i en analys av mode, på ett effektivt sätt visa hur en modell som tränats för vuxenmode presterar jämfört med en modell som enbart tränats för barnmode. När man undersöker den globala förståelsen för barnkläder visar experimenten att den bästa prestandan uppnås när man utnyttjar domänkunskapen om vuxenmode, särskilt från iMaterialist- dataset, där man med den bästa modellen uppnådde en skillnad i den totala prestandan på cirka 3% jämfört med förträning på ImageNet- dataset eller 12% när endast barnmode beaktades vid träningen.

In the recent past, different multidimensional data models were introduced to model OLAP (‘Online Analytical Processing’) scenarios. Design problems arise, when the modeled OLAP scenarios become very large and the dimensionality increases, which greatly decreases the support for an efficient ad-hoc data analysis process. Therefore, we extend the classical multidimensional model by grouping functionally dependent attributes within single dimensions, yielding in real orthogonal dimensions, which are easy to create and to maintain on schema design level. During the multidimensional data analysis phase, this technique yields in nested data cubes reflecting an intuitive two-step navigation process: classification-oriented ‘drill-down’/ ‘roll-up’ and description-oriented‘split’/ ‘merge’ operators on data cubes. Thus, the proposed Nested Multidimensional Data Model provides great modeling flexibility during the schema design phase and application-oriented restrictiveness during the data analysis phase.

Schema design is one of the fundamentals in database theory and practice as well. In this paper, we discuss the problem of locally valid dimensional attributes in a classification hierarchy of a typical OLAP scenario. In a first step, we show that the traditional star and snowflake schema approach is not feasible in this very natural case of a hierarchy. Therefore, we sketch two alternative modeling approaches resulting in practical solutions and a seamless extension of the traditional star and snowflake schema approach: In a pure relational approach, we replace each dimension table of a star / snowflake schema by a set of views directly reflecting the classification hierarchy. The second approach takes advantage of the object-relational extensions. Using object-relational techniques in the context for the relational representation of a multidimensional OLAP scenario is a novel approach and promises a clean and smooth schema design.

Materialized summary tables and cached query results are frequently used for the optimization of aggregate queries in a data warehouse. Query rewriting techniques are incorporated into database systems to use those materialized views and thus avoid accessing the possibly huge raw data. A rewriting is only possible if the query is derivable from these views. Several approaches can be found in the literature to check the derivability and find query rewritings. However, most algorithms either find rewritings only in very restricted cases or in complex cases which rarely occur in data warehouse environments. The specific application scenario of a data warehouse with its multidimensional perspective allows the consideration of much more semantic information, e.g. structural dependencies within the dimension hierarchies and different characteristics of measures. The motivation of this article is to use this information to present simple conditions for derivability in a large number of relevant cases which go beyond previous approaches.

A common optimization technique in data warehouse environments is the use of materialized aggregates. Aggregate processing becomes complex, if partitions of aggregates or queries are materialized and reused later. Most problematic are the implication problems regarding the restriction predicates. We show that in the presence of hierarchies in a multidimensional environment an efficient algorithm can be given to construct - or to derive - an aggregate from one or more overlapping materialized aggregate partitions (set-derivability).

Den här uppsatsen behandlar skapandet och designen av en arkitektur över ett system för behandling av depression och andra psykiska sjukdomar via internet, kallat Melencolia. Ett av kraven för detta projekt är att skapa ett system som kan utökas i framtiden. Vi har härlett detta krav till begreppet modularitet och för att skapa en modulär arkitektur för Melencolia har vi undersökt vad begreppet innebär och härlett det till att vara ett kvalitetsdrag hos flera kvalitetsattribut däribland ”maintainability” och ”reusability”. Med hjälp av ”Attribute Driven Design” kan en arkitektur skapas som fokuserar kring en viss typ av kvalitetsattribut. Eftersom modularitet inte är ett kvalitetsattribut utan en kvalitetsegenskap har vi varit tvungna att ändra indata till denna metod, från kvalitetsattribut till kvalitetsegenskap. Vidare har vi härlett och lagt fram en ny metod för att mäta kvalitetsegenskaper i en mjukvaruarkikektur.Slutligen har vi använt vår metod för att mäta graden av modularitet i Melencolias arkitektur. / This thesis considers the problem of creating and designing an architecture for a software project that will result in a system for treatment of depression on the Internet. One of the requirements for this project, named by Melencolia, is to create a system which can be extended in the future. From this requirement we have derived the concept of modularity. In order to create a modular architecture we have concluded that modularity is a quality characteristic of multiple quality attributes such as "maintainability" and "reusability".We deploy Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) in this Melencolia project. By doing this, an architecture that is focused around modularity can be created. Since modularity is not a quality attribute, but rather a quality characteristic, we had to change the input to ADD from a quality attribute to a quality characteristic.Furthermore, we derive and propose a new method for quality characteristic evaluation of software architectures.Finally we apply our aforementioned method on the architecture of Melencolia and by doing this we get an indication on how well our proposed architecture satisfies modularity.

We develop a detailed, large-scale, airspace planning and collaborative decision-making model (APCDM), that is part of an $11.5B, 10-year, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-sponsored effort to increase U.S. National Airspace (NAS) capacity by 30 percent. Given a set of flights that must be scheduled during some planning horizon, we use a mixed-integer programming formulation to select a set of flight plans from among alternatives subject to flight safety, air traffic control workload, and airline equity constraints. Novel contributions of this research include three-dimensional probabilistic conflict analyses, the derivation of valid inequalities to tighten the conflict safety representation constraints, the development of workload metrics based on average (and its variance from) peak load measures, and the consideration of equity among airline carriers in absorbing the costs related to re-routing, delays, and cancellations. We also propose an improved set of flight plan cost factors for representing system costs and investigating fairness issues by addressing flight dependencies occurring in hubbed operations, as well as market factors such as schedule convenience, reliability, and the timeliness of connections. The APCDM model has potential use for both tactical and strategic applications, such as air traffic control in response to severe weather phenomenon or spacecraft launches, FAA policy evaluation, Homeland Defense contingency planning, and military air campaign planning. The model is tested to consider various airspace restriction scenarios imposed by dynamic severe weather systems and space launch Special Use Airspace (SUA) impositions. The results from this model can also serve to augment the FAA's National Playbook of standardized flight profiles in different disruption-prone regions of the National Airspace. / Ph. D.

汽車產業早期在台灣一直都屬於重點產業，早從1950年代以前，台灣政府便開始發展汽車產業(陳釧瑤，1997)，然而若按照原定計畫，台灣汽車產業早該在1985年以後就邁入國際化以及自有品牌，不過現今大多數的台灣汽車廠商仍處於通路代理商和零組件代工製造階段，為了避免淘汰，本研究認為台灣汽車廠商應著手發展自有品牌，不過因為台灣廠商大多欠缺品牌知名度，謂此本研究認為台灣廠商可採行品牌聯盟策略。然而考量到市場未來趨勢與消費者需求的多元化，本次研究將以強調運動、休閒的SUV休旅車作為本次研究主要探討的車種，並希望能藉由品牌聯盟讓台灣汽車廠商得以自創品牌。 本次研究貢獻在學術方面有三，其一是產品屬性與產品屬性水準之詮釋、二是研究品牌聯盟議題時，需建立在品牌是否能替代某產品屬性的議題上，三是消費者在從事消費行為時確實會產生退縮或是漸進策略。在管理實務上，本研究所給予的建議有七，其一是品牌知名度高低將會影響消費者做出正確決定，其二是當消費者無法有效處理資訊時，車商品牌的重要性將會提升，其三是低辨識度品牌有動機發展成份品牌，其四是台灣汽車廠商自創品牌確實有其利基市場存在，其五是品牌自創過程中，必須不斷地做自我評估，其六是傳遞正確且為消費者所能承受並理解的正確資訊是價值創造的重要一環，其七是品牌建立本身即是策略規劃。 / Motor industry is one of the most important industry that Taiwan government energetically have developed and invested lots of resources since 1950(陳釧瑤，1997). Indeed, Taiwanese motor firms should have had their own brand and made it internationalized in 1985. However, most of Taiwanese motor firms are still on the stage of OEM or ODM. We regard this condition as a threat that will obstruct the profit growth and weaken the competitiveness of them. Therefore, we consider branding is one of the effective alternatives to strengthen the competitiveness of Taiwanese motor industry. Because of the low brand awareness of Taiwanese motor firms, brand alliance may be the best way that can help them to build their private label. Considering the trend of lifestyle in Taiwan, this literature will focus on “brand alliance of sport utility vehicle” and try to find some important attributes that will support them to select their partners and satisfy the consumer needs. As a result, this studying has three contributions to academic researcher. First, we redefine the meanings of product attribute and product attribute level that many academics confuse. Second, the consistency between the brand awareness of ingredient firms and product attribute should be considered when motor firms are finding the partners of alliance. Third, we verify either behavioral progression or behavioral depression may happen in purchase process (Alderfer, 1972). In practice, we find the fitness between product attributes and partner’s brand awareness will affect the result of brand alliance. The finding implies that ingredient firms which have great brand equity in B2B market may have low equity in B2C market. Second, the weight of car brand will be more important when asymmetric information exists. Third, the ingredient firms which have great equity in B2B market and low awareness in B2C market have the motive to cooperate with private label brand firms. Fourth, there are some niches in Taiwanese SUV market. Fifth, branding can’t success without self-audit. Sixth, delivering the appropriate and correct information to consumers is one of the most important things of value creation. Seventh, strategy is the nature of branding, so it will be very hard to brand without strategic planning.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:01:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003 / Auctions are secular institutions used in the commercial relationships among individuaIs and organizations. They provi de greater flexibility to the processes of determination of prices and allocation of goods, increasing the space for negotiations among buyers and sellers. In the Internet, they have been used, in a growing way, in B2B and G2B electronic commerce, mostly through the model of reverse auctions. However, its unidimensional aspect reduces the negotiations to the variable price, producing, many times, bad results. In the Brazilian case, the Federal Government launched Comprasnet, an Internet public emarketplace, through which public organizations acquire goods and services from registered suppliers. Considering alI the available bidding modalities, 'Electronic Pregão' stands out, as an unidimensional reverse auction, based on price, through which suppliers dispute for contracts of the public administration. In the present work, the author proposes a multicriteria decision-making approach, based on Multi-attribute Utility Theory, as an alternative for the adoption of multi-attribute reverse auctions, adding value to Brazilian Public Buying Organizations. / Leilões são instituições seculares utilizadas nas relações comerciais entre indivíduos e organizações. Provêem maior flexibilidade aos processos de determinação de preços e alocação de bens, aumentando o espaço para negociações entre compradores e vendedores. Na Internet, têm sido empregados, de maneira crescente, em atividades de comércio eletrônico B2B e G2B, em sua maioria, através da modalidade de leilão reverso. No entanto, seu aspecto unidimensional reduz as negociações à variável preço, produzindo, muitas vezes, resultados aquém do desejado. No caso brasileiro, o Governo Federal instituiu o Portal Comprasnet, através do qual, as organizações públicas adquirem bens e serviços de fornecedores cadastrados. Dentre as modalidades de licitação disponíveis, destaca-se o Pregão Eletrônico, um mecanismo de leilão eletrônico reverso baseado no atributo preço, através do qual, fornecedores submetem lances decrescentes, na disputa por contratos do setor público. No presente trabalho, o autor propõe uma abordagem de decisão multicritério, baseada na Teoria da Utilidade Multiatributo, como uma alternativa para a adoção de leilões reversos baseados em múltiplos atributos e, consequentemente, para uma maior agregação de valor pelas organizações compradoras do setor público brasileiro.

Newly available industry well data and seismic attribute analysis reveal that late Ordovician-early Devonian Hunton Group strata are more widespread (i.e., not removed by mid-Devonian erosion) in the central and southern portions of the Arkoma Basin in eastern Oklahoma than previously thought. This study demonstrates the value of applying seismic attribute analysis to problems of quantifying and mapping stratigraphic features caused by erosions and/or karstification. Well and seismic isochron data in the Red Oak petroleum field for the Viola-Woodford interval (the units that lie stratigraphically beneath and above, respectively, the Huton Group) show isolated ~40-m thick lenses of Hunton rocks, on average measuring 3 km in diameter, with a surrounding halo of karsted rock. This distribution can be explained in two different ways: 1) Hunton occurrences could represent isolated erosional remnants reflecting incomplete removal of the Hunton Group during Middle Devonian time (pre-Woodford unconformity) or 2) due to karsting and collapse of stratigraphically lower units (Viola or Bromide carbonates), lenses of Hunton rocks would have sagged into sinkholes where they were preserved beneath regional base level. Using formation tops from a well data set correlated with attribute and structure maps from a proprietary 3-D seismic data set, we identify three seismic characteristics in the middle Paleozoic interval that correlate well with: 1) absent Hunton seismic markers, indicating that Hunton rocks were completely removed, 2) the Hunton contacts, indicating where a seismically visible section of Hunton rocks remains, 3) absent Hunton but with a thin horizon included within lower carbonate strata that is interpreted to be an incipient karst zone, which is consistently adjacent to areas containing Hunton rocks. The base of the Sylvan Shale and the top of the Woodford Shale, the respective lower and upper adjoining units, form significant chronostratigraphic surfaces. As such, anomalous thicknesses of these units are depositionally related; thick Woodford sections often correlate to thin or absent Hunton rocks, possibly indicating back-filled pre-Woodford channels eroded into or through the Hunton Group. Conversely, when there is little or no Woodford thickening over Hunton lenses and when adjacent areas show thinning and partially karsted Viola rocks, we propose that karstic collapse of Viola strata was responsible for the Hunton rocks preservation. A combination of these models may be necessary to account for areas where we see thinning both in the Woodford and Viola, suggesting that a Hunton lens is structurally lowered due to karsting, but due to its erosionally resistive nature, the lens forms a depositional high, causing the Woodford to thin over it. The 3-D approach is absolutely necessary to reveal the subtle waveform details that illustrate the karstic and erosional processes involved in the preservation of the Hunton wedges. These findings were interpolated, constrained by well data, over the entire Oklahoma portion of the Arkoma basin in order to produce a new Hunton isopach map and 20 separate cross-sections (two shown herein). These show a broad linear region of absent Hunton. Eustatic sea levels rose throughout the middle and late Devonian, so this large area of eroded Hunton is interpreted as a post-Hunton, pre-Woodford structural uplift. Other Hunton wedges, similar in size and extant to that seismically imaged in this study, were also found in the well data. The karstic collapse of the Viola and subsequent preservation of Hunton rocks occurred on both limbs of the arch.