The subject of this thesis is the analysis of the period discourse of tobacco product consumption in the Czech lands between the years 1864 and 1914 with main focus on the unifying and differentiating potential of tobacco. The aim of the thesis is to portray how the tobacco consumer was perceived, whether they were a pipe smoker, cigar smoker, a smoker of cigarettes newly mechanically massproduced in this period or individuals insufflating ground tobacco, usually called snuffers. The thesis deals with the representation of the physical appearance and characteristic attributes of tobacco consumers in period source material. It also tries to depict how the smoking and snuffing by women and children was perceived. This thesis also aims to capture the social distinction that tobbaco consumption was associated with and how it was perceived by individual social groups of the period. The representation of period social space and its segmentation in connection to tobacco consumption is also a part of this research. The thesis also addresses the interconnection of the period eugenics discourse and the tobacco discourse. A wide spectrum of period monographies and periodics dealing with tobacco consumption was analysed as well as selected period illustrations representing tobacco consumption. The source of...

Les menaces sociétales, comme les attaques terroristes, la crise économique ou le réchauffement climatique sont devenues omniprésentes dans notre société en raison de leur extensive diffusion médiatique. La situation de menace, qui agit comme une disruption entre les représentations de l'individu et la réalité, conduit au processus du partage social des émotions (Rimé, 2005) qui constitue le moteur de la propagation des informations menaçantes d'une personne à l'autre et d'un groupe social à l'autre. La présente thèse examine le rôle du temps et de l'espace en tant que deux principales sources de freins à la propagation des informations menaçantes. L'objectif de l'Étude 1 est d'investiguer le sens que les personnes attribuent au terme « menace sociétale », ainsi que de proposer un classement des menaces sociétales actuelles issues de l'actualité médiatique et perçues par les personnes dans le contexte français. L'Étude 2 examine le rôle du temps en tant que frein à la propagation des informations menaçantes dans le contexte suivant l'attentat de Charlie Hebdo à Paris du 7 janvier 2015, en se basant sur le modèle des étapes sociales de coping collectif avec les catastrophes (Pennebaker & Harber, 1993). Puis, l'Étude 3 consiste en une mise à l'épreuve expérimentale du rôle de l'espace social, plus spécifiquement le rôle de l'appartenance groupale, en tant que frein à la propagation des informations porteuses d'une menace terroriste. Les principaux résultats montrent que la fréquence des deux principales composantes du partage social des émotions, c'est-à-dire la parole et l'écoute, diminue dans les deux mois suivant l'attaque terroriste (Étude 2). Puis, l'appartenance groupale des personnes influence le contenu de l'information menaçante transmise à l'interlocuteur (Étude 3). Ces résultats suggèrent que le temps et l'espace social contribueraient à freiner la propagation des informations porteuses d'une menace. Toutefois, de futures recherches devraient se focaliser sur d'autres processus qui permettraient de freiner la propagation des informations menaçantes au sein de la société et d'élucider ainsi la construction du climat socio-émotionnel négatif. / Large-scale societal threats, such as the terrorist attacks, the economic crisis and global warming have become omnipresent in our society because of their extensive media coverage. The threat situation that acts as a disruption between people's representations and the reality leads to social sharing of emotions (Rimé, 2005). The social sharing of emotions constitutes the main impetus underpinning the propagation of threatening information from one person to another and from one social group to another. Thus, this thesis investigates the role of time and space as the primary brakes on the propagation of threatening information. The main aim of Study 1 is to investigate the meaning that people attach to the term "societal threat", and also to propose a classification of actual societal threats from the mass media and actual societal threats perceived by individuals in a French context. Study 2 examines the role of time as a brake on the propagation of threatening information following the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attack of January 7, 2015 in Paris, using the social stage model of collective coping with disasters (Pennebaker & Harber, 1993). Study 3, which is experimental in nature, investigates the role of social space, and group membership specifically, as a brake on the propagation of threatening information related to terrorism. The results show that the frequency of the two main components of social sharing, namely talking and hearing, decreased over two months following the terrorist attack (Study 2). Furthermore, participants' group membership modifies the content of threatening information transmitted to the interlocutor (Study 3). Such results suggest that time and social space contribute to curbing the propagation of threatening information. However, future research might bear a specific interest on the other processes that impede the propagation of threatening information within society, thus elucidating the construction of a negative socioemotional climate.

The dissertation considers daily mobility as grouping factor. Forms and resources of daily mobility are defined. Empirical research of daily mobility directions explores social differentiation of groups and correlation between daily mobility directions and unequal distribution of capitals. / В диссертации рассматривается влияние повседневной мобильности интернет-пользователей на процессы группообразования в мегаполисе. Определяются виды повседневной мобильности и ресурсы, обеспечивающие ее осуществление. На основе эмпирического исследования анализируются социальные группы, интеграция и дифференциация которых обусловлена направлениями повседневной мобильности. Исследуется корреляция между направлениями повседневной мобильности населения в городском пространстве и неравномерным распределением капиталов.

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Interpretations of the Politics of Fictive Landscapes in Context: A Comparison of Allan Sekula's Sketch on a Geography Lesson and Martha Rosler's In the Place of the Public Airport Series Throughout this thesis project I examine the geopolitical context(s) of the photographs featured in Martha Rosler's 'In the Place of the Public Airport Series' (1983) and Allan Sekula's series, 'Sketch on a Geography Lesson' (1982). I investigate the manner in which they question the legitimacy of the genre of documentary photography within the post-modern age by emphasizing the documentation of an actual physical place, presenting an alternative to the post-modern notion of photograph merely as another component of simulacra, or the intentional creation of an image without meaning or origin. By looking at photographs that Rosler and Sekula made during the burgeoning stages of post-modern theory, presents a broader interpretation of the development of Marxist documentary photography from the early 1980's to today. One way in which I dialogue with the discourse surrounding documentary photography in the 1980's is to focus on Rosler's and Sekula's intentional choice of material that emphasizes the political dialogue rather than concepts that are abstract and maintain no reference to real life. Furthermore, the period of the 1980's is considered a point in contemporary art history when the political fervor of the 1960's and early 1970's diminished greatly. Departing from this trend, Rosler's and Sekula's work continues to address political ideas throughout the 1980's, creating a bridge to today's photographers, such as Edward Burtynsky and Andreas Gursky who consider aesthetics from a socio-political perspective. / Art History

Kalavasos-Ayios Dhimitrios (K-AD; Figure 1) is a Late Bronze Age (LBA) settlement on Cyprus. It is notable for having among the earliest examples of urbanism and monumental architecture on the island along side the sites of, for example, Kition, Alassa, Enkomi, and Maroni (Philokyprou 2011; Fisher et al. in press). The LBA on Cyprus marked the beginning of urban society, economy and architecture in Cyprus (Fisher et al. in press). This study explores the social processes associated with the transition to urbanism represented by the entangled relationship between the architectural creation of social spaces and the use of these spaces as platforms for the creation and negotiation of power and influence (Fisher 2009a, 2009b; Fisher et al. in press). Specifically this study will concentrate on the construction of plaster surfaces, the immobile architecture of these social spaces, as indexes of the social development at K-AD during the LBA. Analysis of pyrogenic lime and gypsum plasters was carried out using high-resolution microscopic methods based on the integration of petrography and soil micromorphology. These techniques are employed to optically examine in-situ and oriented plaster samples in laboratory thin section. Laboratory Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis was applied to loose sediments to obtain spectroscopic data when necessary. Following the findings that lime plaster recipe variation is the result of human choice (Kingery et al. 1988; Love 2011, 2013a) the results of this analysis shows that the LBA architects at K-AD produced different recipes for different utilitarian uses and also that the construction of elite spaces demanded complex recipes that extend beyond utilitarian requirements, which can be classified as more “expensive,” resource-draining procedures (Kingery et al. 1988; Love 2011). Plaster is used at K-AD for both functional purposes and as an active component in societal creation and transformation. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / Craft specialization is a core feature of urban life but the process of specialization is not perfectly understood. This thesis seeks to explore the use of lime plaster for constructing surfaces at the Late Bronze Age (LBA) site of Kalavasos-Ayios Dhimitrios (K-AD) on the island of Cyprus. Previous research has revealed a central, monumental complex, among the first of its kind on the island, surrounded by an early city. How did the LBA people create their living environment in this new setting? This thesis has shown, through the analysis of lime plaster features, floors and walls that the LBA inhabitants of K-AD were able to create diverse, specialized surfaces with a specialized lime plaster tradition in a scale and complexity that went beyond structural requirements, suggesting these surfaces were constructed with the explicit intent for creating space imbued with social meaning.

Depuis 1842 et la signature du traité de Nankin concédant des parts du territoire chinois aux puissances étrangères, Shanghai a trouvé son destin intimement lies à l'Occident. Dès cette période émerge un style de vie occidentalisé dans une bourgeoisie d'affaires aux commandes d'une économie en plein essor. Touché par le communisme, cette classe sociale va disparaitre et son style de vie va faire l'objet de critiques les plus acerbes. Il faudra attendre 1990 et la réouverture économique de Shanghai pour que apparaisse à nouveau une Shanghai profondément tournée vers l'Occident. Nouvel élan économique engendrant l'apparition d'une nouvelle population, l'ouverture pose aussi des questions identitaires. Les différences entre les générations deviennent de plus en plus significatives et Shanghai voit de nouveau émerger une « petite bourgeoisie nouvelle » dont les caractéristiques ne sont plus forcément économique mais deviennent plus personnelles plus identitaire. Au croisement de la globalisation et de l'affirmation de la puissance chinoise, un groupe social original s'affirme, il regroupe des individus dont la quête personnelle du bonheur passe avant l'intérêt supérieur de la patrie. Entre occidentalisation et sinisation, ce travail se propose de décrypter le mode de vie de la nouvelle petite bourgeoisie shanghaienne en retraçant l'historique de Shanghai, la redéfinition des classes sociales et en analysant les pratiques quotidiennes de ce groupe social à l'aide de données essentiellement issues d'ouvrage de sociologie chinoise et d'enquêtes de terrain, questionnaires et interviews ainsi que d'études de statistiques officielles. / Since 1842 and the signing of the Treatment of Nanking granting part of Chinese territory to foreign countries, Shanghai is closely linked to the West. From this emerged period ,a Westernized lifestyle in a business class at the controls of a booming economy. Affected by communism, this class will disappear and lifestyle will be the most scathing criticism. It was not until 1990 and the reopening of Shanghai Economic appears again for a deeply Shanghai tour to the West. Generating new economic boost the appearance of a new population, openness also raises questions of identity. Differences between generations are becoming increasingly significant and Shanghai sees a new emerging "new middle class" whose characteristics are not necessarily economic, but become more personal. At the intersection of globalization and the assertion of Chinese power, an original social group asserts itself, it brings together individuals whose personal quest for happiness takes precedence over the interests of the homeland. Between Westernization and Sinisation, this work aims to decipher the lifestyle of the new middle class in Shanghai tracing the history of Shanghai, the redefinition of social classes and analyzing the daily practices of social groups using data mainly derived from work of Chinese sociology and field surveys, questionnaires and interviews and studies of official statistics.

In its serial space, David Simon’s The Wire season two relates the seemingly “disconnected” union men, foreign sex worker women, and African-American drug traders and crosses constructed boundaries of race, gender, sexuality, and geography to evoke the possibility of a transnational working class. The Wire’s serialized narrative trespasses the limitations of money and numbers games and of individual characters to build, scene by scene, what Roderick Ferguson calls in Aberrations in Black: Toward a Queer of Color Critique “the location for new and emergent identifications and social relations” (108).

Seit ungefähr den 1960er Jahren migrieren Thailänder nach Deutschland, und es ist statistisch belegt, dass die Feminisierung der thailändischen Migration bis heute anhält (Bundesamt für Statistik, 2016). Frauen machen 87 Prozent aller in Deutschland lebenden Thailänder und Thailänderinnen aus. 94 Prozent aller Ehen mit thailändischer Beteiligung in Deutschland bestehen zwischen thailändischen Frauen und deutschen oder ausländischen Männern, während in nur 6 Prozent der Fälle thailändische Männer mit deutschen oder ausländischen Frauen verheiratet sind. Im Jahr 2005 waren 58.784 thailändische Staatsangehörige in Deutschland gemeldet, aber nur 43 Prozent davon waren nach dem deutschen Gesetz als „erwerbstätig“ registriert. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Beschäftigungsdilemma thailändischer Heiratsmigranten seit dem Inkrafttreten des neuen Aufenthaltsgesetzes im Jahr 2005. Zunächst beleuchtet sie die zugrundeliegenden Probleme, wegen derer die thailändische Heiratsmigranten ihr Potential als Vollzeit-Arbeitskräfte nicht ausschöpfen können, und erklärt, warum sich hochqualifizierte thailändische Heiratsmigranten nicht voll in den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt integrieren können. Dann untersucht sie die thailändische Diaspora und den Transnationalismus thailändischer Heiratsmigranten in Deutschland, und schließlich versucht sie, anhand Pierre Bourdieus Theorie von Kapital, Habitus und sozialem Raum die Berufsentscheidungen thailändischer Heiratsmigranten im deutschen Umfeld zu erklären. Qualitative Interviews, welche zwischen 2016 und 2017 durchgeführt worden sind, stellen mit 38 Informanten und einem quantitativen Fragebogen, der von 125 Befragten ausgefüllt wurde, bislang eine der umfangreichsten Forschungen über thailändische Ehemigranten in Deutschland dar. / Thais started to migrate to Germany around the 1960s, and it is statistically evident that the feminisation of Thai migration through marriage to Germans has continued to the present day (Federal Statistics Office of Germany, 2016). Women account for almost 87 percent of all Thais in Germany. Marriages of Thai women to German or foreign husbands account for 94 percent of marriages in Germany involving Thai nationals, compared to only six percent of Thai men married to German or foreign wives. In 2005, the total number of Thais in Germany was 58,784; however, only 43 percent of Thais were registered as “labour” under the German employment system. This paper investigates the employment dilemma of Thai marriage migrants after implementation of the new Residence Act of 2005. First, it sheds light on the underlying problems that hinder Thai marriage migrants’ potential as full-time labourers and provides better understanding of why highly-educated Thai marriage migrants cannot fully integrate into the German labour market. Second, it examines the Thai diaspora and explores the present-day trans-nationalism of Thai marriage migrants in Germany. Finally, it applies Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concept of capital, habitus and social space to better understand Thai marriage migrants’ career choices in the German milieu. Qualitative interviews with 38 informants and a quantitative questionnaire filled out by 125 additional respondents were conducted between 2016 and 2017, providing one of the most comprehensive researches on Thai marriage migrants in Germany to date.