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The notion of social space or field is a central but under-studied category in the philosopher and sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice. The present study of social space is introduced with a contextual account of spatial models in the social sciences prior to Bourdieu that highlights the aptitude for relational spatial models to capture complex social phenomena. It then demonstrates how social space, as an empirically robust and epistemologically intuitive social-scientific model, facilitates the objective representation as well as the subjective understanding of social phenomena. The central thesis is that Bourdieu's reflexive sociology operates in large part by a multiform engagement with the (intuitive or conceptual, but always constructed) apprehension of space, an interpretation that suggests the integration of both physical and social spaces in a unified explanatory framework. A dialectical understanding of the relations between social space and physical space, drawn from the logic of Bourdieu's social theory, is argued for. This philosophical extension of Bourdieu's work is then applied to phenomena in which the reproduction of structures in social space is carried out in and through physical space, and vice versa. Two case studies, the first of office tower districts in contemporary cities and the second of deconstructionist architecture, reveal interactions between social organization and the built environment. The case studies, taken together, also demonstrate the virtue, inherent to a Bourdieuian approach, of explaining both the trends of relative stability and the instances of radical change that are observed in social phenomena. / Philosophy

This thesis is about the scalar paradoxes of islands as seen through the cultural movement of a small island nation in the nineteenth century. As the divide between Celticism and Teutonism grew in Britain, the cultural movement of the Isle of Man created a hybrid heritage of both. Antiquarians, archaeologists, and cultural activists that were settled in the island organised themselves for the preservation and eventually revitalisation of a Manx past, in communication with scholars in the British Isles and the North. By investigating three major societies from this movement; the Manx Society (1858), the Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society (1879) and the Manx Language Society (1899); this thesis follows the development of a national exceptionalism through their selective identification with Nordic, Celtic, and British spaces, caught in between a Western large state ideal of progress and its antithesis: the imaginative geography of an isolated island. Lefebvrian theory shows that their navigation in a past of Celtic settlers and Viking invaders led to a multifunctional transnational history that could be transferred and repurposed for opposing social spaces. It is argued that this transnationalism functioned as cultural shelter, in accordance with how political and economic shelter from larger states has proven successful for small island nations. It shows that if Manx history was to be regarded as a legitimate and valuable addition to the history of nations in the late nineteenth century, it required manifold connections abroad that could be translated to different transnational agendas. And while this type of (trans-) national exceptionalism was adapted to their situation as a small island nation, its inherent co-dependency on transnational connections was only enforcing an inferiority complex within existing hierarchies in Northern European history.

In the nineteenth century, amidst the rise of anti-Catholicism in the Western world, narratives served as a persuasive medium to influence the reading public. Anti-clerical sentiment was conveyed in various forms of text, often depicting the Catholic convent as a place of sinister confinement. This thesis offers an alternative representation of the French nineteenth-century convent. Considering the prevailing social, economic, and political environment in France, along with the conception of social space, I argue that the convent represents a place of sanctuary and opportunity for some women and girls. Further, in view of Victor Hugo's Les Misérables, I examine the representation of the convent as a place for rebirth. Likewise, in analyzing George Sand's autobiography Histoire de ma vie, I explore the representation of the convent as a haven for reviving creativity. Thus, by close reading and critical examination of these literary representations, I contend that the nineteenth-century convent can provide a place of refuge. / Master of Arts / Following the French Revolution of 1789, two opposing ideologies gathered momentum in France: monasticism and anti-clericalism. Beginning in 1815, enlistment of nuns in religious congregations doubled every fifteen years until the end of the century. During this period, anti-clericalism remained a potent political and social force. As with any institution of power, narratives served as a persuasive medium to influence the reading public. Anti-clerical sentiment was conveyed in various forms of text, often depicting the Catholic convent as a place of sinister confinement. These diverse depictions of the convent as a nefarious enclosure seem to contradict the growth and appeal of female religious orders during the epoch. This thesis offers an alternative representation of the French nineteenth-century convent. Partially owing to prevailing social, economic, and political structures that limited women's opportunities, convents attracted women from middle- or upper-class families who desired to serve in the public domains of healthcare and education. Considering this environment in France, along with the conception of social space, I argue that the convent represents a place of sanctuary and opportunity for some women and girls. Further, in view of Victor Hugo's Les Misérables, I examine the representation of the convent as a place for rebirth. Likewise, in analyzing George Sand's autobiography Histoire de ma vie, I explore the representation of the convent as a haven for reviving creativity. Thus, by close reading and critical examination of these literary representations, I contend that the nineteenth-century convent can provide a place of refuge.

"The following study is an attempt to compare the relative amount of personal space to demographic variables of sex and socio-economic status."--9.

The thesis discusses the social phenomenon of fitness and exercise in the fitness centers. It contains descriptive and comparative research of visitors fitness centers in Prague and Frankfurt am Main as representatives of this new phenomenon. It is a group of visitors who visit the fitness center at their leisure time. Research on the theoretical basis Bourdie's concept of habitus, social space and capital is trying to detect and describe patterns and main motivations of visitors fitness centers and their potential differences or similarities on the international basis.

Esta dissertação analisa o espaço da participação popular através do processo intitulado orçamento participativo. O estudo da realidade do município de Rio Claro/SP através da discussão e deliberação por parte da população, proposta pela administração municipal, durante sete anos de execução, revelou uma cidade produzida socialmente, porém apropriada de forma desigual e cujas carências urbanas evidenciam a reprodução do processo de produção capitalista. Apresentamos ainda como o processo de produção desigual do espaço urbano se evidencia nas reivindicações feitas pela população quando ela passa a discutir sobre parte dos investimentos do município por meio do orçamento participativo. Debatemos também como a gestão participativa da cidade aponta para o debate da cidadania e os limites deste instrumento de gestão pública. / This dissertation analyzes the space of the popular participation through a process named Participative Budget. The study of the town of Rio Claro/SP reality through the discussion and the deliberation from the population, proposal by the municipal administration, during seven years of execution, revealed a city socially produced, however unequally appropriated and which urban lacks show the capitalism reproduction process. We present as well how the process of unequal production of urban space highlighted by claims made by the population when they discuss on part of investments of the city by means of the participative budget. We also discuss how the participative management of the city emphasizes the discuss of the citizenship and the limits of this of public management instrument.

A presente dissertação parte do postulado de que existe uma correspondência entre o espaço físico da cidade e o espaço social na cidade, de modo que os objetos dispostos no espaço físico da cidade podem representar a posição dos agentes no espaço social. Foi desenvolvido e aplicado para o caso de Goiânia um método descritivo e cartográfico de representação da estrutura urbana, para obter uma descrição dos padrões de disposição dos imóveis de alto padrão ao longo da história da cidade. A aplicação do método descritivo e cartográfico levou à hipótese inicial de que um processo histórico e específico de segregação sócio-espacial pode ser representado por este método porque há uma correspondência entre o espaço físico e o espaço social. Com o objetivo de explicar a hipótese inicial e, a partir dessa explicação, desenvolver um método propriamente sociológico de interpretação da análise da estrutura urbana, foi levantada uma série de questões cujo desenvolvimento levou à explicação da hipótese inicial. A explicação da hipótese inicial desenvolvida no trabalho foi sintetizada na forma da seguinte hipótese final: a disposição dos imóveis de alto padrão descrita pelo método descritivo e cartográfico é um efeito da dominação das áreas melhor qualificadas da cidade pela classe dominante do espaço urbano. O efeito da dominação garantiu a correspondência entre os imóveis de alto padrão e a classe dominante do espaço urbano. As permanências e mudanças nos padrões de disposição desses imóveis são as formas temporárias dessa correspondência, o que não modificou a lógica básica de segregação sócio-espacial. Ao fim do trabalho, foi apresentado um método propriamente sociológico para futura aplicação empírica e teste da hipótese final. / This thesis departs from the postulate that, in a city, social space is related to the physical one, in a way that objects disposed in the physical space might portray the position that agents assume in the social one. A cartographic and descriptive method was developed for the Goiânia city case, in order to achieve a description of the setting patterns of high standard properties along local history. Applying such a descriptive and cartographic method led to the initial hypothesis that a historical and specific segregation process can be represented by the developed method, as there is a relation between physical and social space. In order to explain the initial hypothesis and, from such explanation, develop a properly sociological analysis interpretation of the urban structure, a series of questions was raised, and this process led to the exposure of the starting hypothesis. The exposure was summarized in the following final hypothesis: the setting of high standard properties showed by the descriptive and cartographic method is an effect of the rule over the best qualified areas that the dominant class has over the urban space in Goiânia. The continuities and changes in the setting patterns of these properties are the temporary forms of such correspondence, and all of it has not modified the basic logics of social and space segregation. At the end of the project, a properly sociological method was introduced for future empirical application and for testing the final hypothesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:53:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A tese propõe uma análise sobre as interações entre laboratório científico e seu contexto social, focalizando os processos midiáticos na produção de inovações tecnológicas. Dada a multiplicidade de agentes envolvidos na trajetória da inovação, identificados no estudo de caso, pretende mostrar que o processo da invenção requer modos diferenciados de interações comunicacionais para que o deslocamento do laboratório para a sociedade possa transformar o invento em inovação. Desta forma, desenha o espaço social da inovação tecnológica, oriunda de pesquisas químicas e farmacológicas, permeada por aspectos culturais, políticos, simbólicos e midiáticos. Inspirada pela indagação de como as interações se realizam na disputa de sentidos e interesses da inovação, a tese tenciona verificar como a comunicação midiática agiu neste espaço e o que os aspectos midiáticos fazem do invento científico. A análise chega à conclusão de que o laboratório necessita constituir sua invenção científica num espaço de invenção social, onde / The thesis proposes an analysis about the interaction between the scientific laboratory and its social context by focusing on the media processes that take place in the production of technological innovations. Due to the multiplicity of agents involved in the course of innovation, which are identified in the study case, this thesis intends to show that the invention process requires differentiated ways of communicational interactions so that the relocation from laboratory to society may transform the invention into innovation. Thus, it designs the social space of the technological innovation that comes from chemical and pharmacological researches, and which is permeated into cultural, political, symbolic and media aspects. Inspired by the wondering of how interactions take place in the dispute of innovation meanings and interests, the thesis intends to verify how media communication has acted in such space and what media aspects do to scientific invention. The analysis comes to the conclusion that the laborat

En s’appuyant sur la production de l’espace d’Henri Lefebvre (1974) et sur le concept d’expérience, nous avons relié les mondes subjectif et objectif, rendant possible l’exploration des conditions spatiales de possibilités de formation de sujets collectifs. Ainsi, étudier la dimension territoriale des expériences signifie entreprendre la spatialisation des relations de pouvoir existantes entre étudiants et institutions universitaires, dans lesquelles s’entremêlent des rapports de domination et/ou de conflit et/ou d’émancipation.La recherche a été menée sur deux terrains choisis pour leurs caractéristiques qui supposent des expériences radicalement opposées. L'UTCGG est une petite université qui forme des étudiants d’origines indigènes et paysannes, et dont l'objectif est d’impulser le développement économique d'une région rurale économiquement défavorisée. Quant aux étudiants de la Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres de l’UNAM, ils suivent des formations en sciences humaines dans l'une des institutions les plus prestigieuses d'Amérique latine. Située dans la mégalopole mexicaine, cette faculté a connu et continue d’être le théâtre et l'épicentre d'un fort activisme étudiant.Nous avons mis au jour deux séries d'expériences territoriales caractérisées par des relations spécifiques entre les origines sociales des étudiants, les contenus idéologiques des formations universitaires, et des apprentissages différenciés de l'espace. Les principaux résultats permettent d'établir que les processus de subjectivation politique sont spatialement lisibles et de commencer à caractériser territorialement la subalternité, l’antagonisme et l’autonomie. / Based on both Henri Lefebvre's production of Space (1974) and the concept of experience, we have linked the subjective and objective worlds, making possible the exploration of the spatial conditions of collective subjects’ conformation. So, studying the territorial dimension of experiences means undertaking the spatialization of power relations existing between students and academic institutions, in which relationships of domination and/or conflict and/or emancipation are intermingled.The research was conducted on two places chosen for their characteristics that involve radically different experiences. The UTCGG is a small university that trains students of indigenous and peasant origins, with the aim of boosting the economic development of a rural and economically disadvantaged region. As for the students of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the UNAM, they follow courses in human sciences in one of the most prestigious institutions in Latin America. Located in the Mexican megalopolis, this faculty has known and continues to be the theater and the epicenter of a strong student activism.We have discovered two series of territorial experiences characterized by specific relations between the social origins of students, the ideological contents of university courses, and differentiated learning of space. The main results make it possible to establish that the processes of political subjectivation are spatially readable and to begin to characterize territorially the subalternity, the antagonism and the autonomy.