The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the theoretical establishment of the professional pedagogical chamber in the Czech Republic as a public-law institution in terms of ethical and moral patronage of the teaching profession. The profession of teacher is characterized by thorough and demanding work with people, requiring not only extensive knowledge, which is subsequently passed on to pupils and students, but also respect of moral and ethical principles, which presents teachers in public as a valuable profession, but also sets the model for exemplary and desirable behavior in society. At present, however, there is no public-law self-governing professional organization in the Czech Republic that associates members of the teaching profession and morally and ethically shields their profession, as is done, for example, by the medical or advocacy chamber of their members. This, in conjunction with the persistent absence of a defined teacher's professional standard and formal code of ethics, leads to lack of an idea who should teachers refer to regarding the problems of ethics and moral behaviour, what is expected from them in this area and also have no support in a legally established and functional professional organization. The aim of this diploma thesis is therefore to identify and describe the...

The decline in teacher retention is a growing problem in the 21st century. Beginning teacher turnover rates have grown by 50% over the past decade, with the national rate increasing to over 20%. Beginning teachers entering the profession are leaving within their first 3 years, with half leaving the profession in the first 5 years. To meet their growing needs, districts and states spend billions of dollars to recruit, hire, and try to retain new teachers. The purpose of this case study was to examine beginning teachers' perceptions of their teacher mentoring program located in an urban school district. Bandura's social cognitive theory, socio-cultural theory, and Knowles's adult learning theory were used to frame this investigation. The research questions examined the extent to which beginning teachers perceived their current mentoring program's strengths and weaknesses, the mentoring strategies used, and the improvements that could be made to the program. Interview data and transcripts from 10 beginning teachers were examined through coding that established common themes among teacher perceptions. The results revealed the importance of having a mentor and the need for more structure, more collaboration, and more support in the program. The findings from this study were used to create a 3-day workshop that includes the identified themes. Implications for positive social change include strengthening mentoring programs through professional development with more attention to structure, collaboration, and support to help transition beginning teachers into the teaching profession so that they remain.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of beginning teachers of health education. It focuses on the most common problems they have to face during the first 5 years in the teaching profession. The main goal of the thesis will be to identify the most common problems that beginning teachers of health education have to deal with. Furthermore, their adaptation in the school environment and inclusion in the teaching staff. But also coping with the problems during the first years of the teaching profession. Another goal will be to find out how they solve problems and how they deal with them. Whether they have been assigned an introductory teacher and whether they work with him. The theoretical part of the work clarifies the issues associated with the performance of the teaching profession, characterizes the preparation of the future teacher for the performance of the profession, further clarifies the term beginning teacher and introducing teacher. Last but not least, it describes the implementation of a beginning teacher. The practical part will be based on research through qualitative research - semi-structured interviews with beginning teachers of health education, who teach for a maximum of 5 years and with introductory teachers, with significantly longer practice and experience. The interview is...

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The aim of this study is to contribute with knowledge about preschool teachers'view of their collaboration task, with a particular focus on collaboration withguardians with a different linguistic or cultural background than Swedish. Toachieve the aim, semi-structured interviews were chosen as the method. Thestudy is based on interviews with four certified preschool teachers from twodifferent preschools in one and the same municipality. The collected data hasbeen analysed based on the intercultural perspective and the concepts ofintercultural competence, emerging interculture and interculturalcommunication.The results show that schooling is seen as the most important formal form ofcollaboration because it is where you can create the foundation for a securerelationship. The responsibility for creating safe relationships lies with thepreschool teachers. According to the preschool teachers, the first informationthat guardians encounter in preschool must be simple and short, and that aninterpreter is used when there is authority for it, so that all guardians haveaccess to the same information and that no misunderstandings arise. Thepreschool teachers use body language and staff with knowledge of the relevantlanguage to facilitate communications that take place on a daily basis. Theresult also shows that the creation of new informal forms of collaborationcreates opportunities for multicultural meetings where new insights andknowledge about fellow human beings are gained. Linguistic and culturaldiversity creates both challenges and opportunities. The challenge lies in a lackof language skills, which can cause both insecurity and exclusion in guardians.Possibilities are primarily seen in the fact that the preschool teacher candevelop into an intercultural mediator by being open to the cultural knowledgethat caregivers possess. To then use this cultural knowledge with the aim ofcreating a common language together with children, staff and carers in thepreschool's operations. This, in turn, can generate cultural knowledgespreading further and overcoming cultural prejudices in our society. / Syftet med den här studien är att bidra med kunskap om förskollärares syn påsamverkansuppdraget, med särskilt fokus på samverkan med vårdnadshavaremed annan språklig eller kulturell bakgrund än svenska. För att uppnå syftetvaldes semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod. Studien utgår från intervjuermed fyra legitimerade förskollärare från två olika förskolor i en och sammakommun. Det insamlade datamaterialet har analyserats med utgångspunkt i detinterkulturella perspektivet samt begreppen interkulturell kompetens,nydanande interkultur samt interkulturell kommunikation.Resultatet visar att inskolningen ses som den viktigaste formellasamverkansformen eftersom det är där man skapar grunden i en trygg relation.Ansvaret för att trygga relationer skapas ligger hos förskollärarna. Den förstainformationen vårdnadshavare möter i förskolan ska enligt förskollärarna varaenkel och kort. Dessutom lyfts användandet av tolk när det finns befogenhetför det så att samtliga vårdnadshavare får tillgång till samma information ochatt inga missförstånd uppstår. Förskollärarna använder kroppsspråket samtpersonal med kunskaper i det aktuella språket för att underlättakommunikationer som sker dagligen. Resultatet visar även att bredare utbudav samverkansformer ökar möjligheter till att inkludera fler antalvårdnadshavare som i sin tur kan öka insikter och kunskaper ommedmänniskor och dess kultur. Språklig och kulturell mångfald skapar bådeutmaningar och möjligheter. Utmaning finns i bristande språkkunskaper somkan orsaka både otrygghet och exkludering hos vårdnadshavare. Möjligheterses främst i att förskolläraren kan utvecklas till en interkulturell förmedlaregenom att vara öppen inför den kulturella kunskap som vårdnadshavarebesitter. För att sedan använda denna kulturella kunskap i syfte att skapa ettgemensamt språk tillsammans med barn, personal och vårdnadshavare iförskolans verksamhet. Det kan i sin tur generera i att kulturell kunskap spridsvidare och övervinner kulturella fördomar i vårt samhälle.

Summary in Afrikaans and English / Hierdie verhandeling omvat 'n beskrywing van die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van die onderwysersvereniging wat vanaf 1893 onder meer as die Vereeniging vir Onderwijzers en Onderwijzeressen in de Z.A.R. (VVOOZA), die Vereeniging van Onderwijzers en Onderwijzeressen in Zuid-Afrika (VVOOZA) vanaf 1903 en sedert 1923 as die Transvaalse Onderwysersvereniging (TO) bekend gestaan het. Die klem val op uitsprake van TO-voorsitters en aktiwiteite wat deur die TO van stapel gestuur is ter bevordering van die professionaliteit en professionele status van onderwysers en onderwyseresse. Die verhandeling sluit ook 'n ontleding van en kritiese besinning oor die kenmerke van professionaliteit in. In die verband word gefokus op die verhouding van die TO met enkele onderwysbelanghebbendes, die bevordering van die professionele beeId van onderwysers/onderwysersesse en die beginsels wat die TO tydens salarisonderhandelinge gehandhaaf het. 'n Belangrike gevolgtrekking waartoe gekom word, is dat die TO vir meer as 100 jaar nie net professionaliteit in onderwysverband bevorder het nie, maar dat sy uitsprake en aktiwiteite op sigself getuig van 'n professionele ingesteldheid. / This thesis comprises an account of the origin and development of the teachers' association known from 1893 as the Vereeniging vir Onderwijzers en Onderwijzeressen in de Z.A.R. (VVOOZA), as the Vereeniging van Onderwijzers en Onderwijzeressen in Zuid-Afrika (VVOOZA) from 1903, and since 1923 as the Transvaalse Onderwysersvereniging (TO). The accent is on pronouncements of TO chairpersons and activities initiated by the TO to promote professional qualities among teachers and to secure professional status for them. The thesis also includes an analysis and critical consideration of the criteria of professionalism, with special reference to the relationship between the TO and roleplayers with an interest in education, the promotion of the professional image of teachers, and the principles upheld by the TO in salary negotiations. An important conclusion drawn is that for more than 100 years of its existence, the TO not only promoted professional qualities in the educational context, but epitomises professionalism in its pronouncements and activities. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Historiese Opvoedkunde)

Summary in Afrikaans and English / Hierdie verhandeling omvat 'n beskrywing van die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van die onderwysersvereniging wat vanaf 1893 onder meer as die Vereeniging vir Onderwijzers en Onderwijzeressen in de Z.A.R. (VVOOZA), die Vereeniging van Onderwijzers en Onderwijzeressen in Zuid-Afrika (VVOOZA) vanaf 1903 en sedert 1923 as die Transvaalse Onderwysersvereniging (TO) bekend gestaan het. Die klem val op uitsprake van TO-voorsitters en aktiwiteite wat deur die TO van stapel gestuur is ter bevordering van die professionaliteit en professionele status van onderwysers en onderwyseresse. Die verhandeling sluit ook 'n ontleding van en kritiese besinning oor die kenmerke van professionaliteit in. In die verband word gefokus op die verhouding van die TO met enkele onderwysbelanghebbendes, die bevordering van die professionele beeId van onderwysers/onderwysersesse en die beginsels wat die TO tydens salarisonderhandelinge gehandhaaf het. 'n Belangrike gevolgtrekking waartoe gekom word, is dat die TO vir meer as 100 jaar nie net professionaliteit in onderwysverband bevorder het nie, maar dat sy uitsprake en aktiwiteite op sigself getuig van 'n professionele ingesteldheid. / This thesis comprises an account of the origin and development of the teachers' association known from 1893 as the Vereeniging vir Onderwijzers en Onderwijzeressen in de Z.A.R. (VVOOZA), as the Vereeniging van Onderwijzers en Onderwijzeressen in Zuid-Afrika (VVOOZA) from 1903, and since 1923 as the Transvaalse Onderwysersvereniging (TO). The accent is on pronouncements of TO chairpersons and activities initiated by the TO to promote professional qualities among teachers and to secure professional status for them. The thesis also includes an analysis and critical consideration of the criteria of professionalism, with special reference to the relationship between the TO and roleplayers with an interest in education, the promotion of the professional image of teachers, and the principles upheld by the TO in salary negotiations. An important conclusion drawn is that for more than 100 years of its existence, the TO not only promoted professional qualities in the educational context, but epitomises professionalism in its pronouncements and activities. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Historiese Opvoedkunde)

This master's thesis refers to the use of video as a teaching tool in the subject Didactics of Biology. It comprises two parts, one theoretical and another practical. The theoretical part charts the didactical and practical subjects taught at the Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague, and deals with the use of video for the professional development of teachers. For the practical part, 8 lesson observation videos were recorded and placed on a newly created website (www.didaktikabiologievidea.cz). The observation videos were submitted to an analysis based on the 3A method and were used afterwards during the courses on Didactics of Biology. A questionnaire was carried out among the students of the teaching profession to evaluate the benefits of the videos for them. The questionnaire surveyed the motivation for studying Didactics of Biology, as well as the impact that these observation videos had on the performance of the teaching profession and the improvement of the teaching abilities. All above stated goals were accomplished in this work. Key words: lesson observation videos, didactics of biology, 3A, methodology, teaching profession, motivation, teaching abilities

A primeira Lei Geral da Instrução Pública, de 15 de outubro de 1827, foi um marco na história da educação brasileira por prever a possibilidade de criação de escolas de primeiras letras de meninas nas cidades e vilas mais populosas pelos presidentes e conselhos provinciais. Em São Paulo, as primeiras cinco cadeiras foram criadas em 1828 e providas por meio de concurso público e desde esse ano até 1860, 88 escolas foram criadas e 136 professoras as ocuparam. Compreender a invenção do magistério público feminino no universo da história das mulheres trabalhadoras e da sociedade paulista oitocentista é o objetivo desta investigação. Como fio para alinhavar a narrativa, elegemos a primeira professora pública da Província, Benedita da Trindade do Lado de Cristo. A trama é tecida a partir de questões, espaços, polêmicas, relações e tradições identificadas, inicialmente, em sua trajetória e ampliada para a experiência docente coletiva das mestras. As interpretações são construídas recorrendo-se ao aporte teórico metodológico da história social, história do cotidiano e micro história, e da contribuição de pesquisas sobre história das mulheres e história da educação. As fontes da pesquisa formam um conjunto variado constituído por manuscritos do Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo; legislação e relatórios da Instrução Pública e de presidentes da Província; periódicos; documentação censitária; registros visuais; registros de batismo; relatos de viagens e literatura memorialista. O estudo está organizado em quatro capítulos. No primeiro, buscamos delinear os contornos do mundo do trabalho feminino, no qual destacamos as diversas possibilidades de ser mulher que povoaram as experiências na São Paulo oitocentista, com as profundas desigualdades sociais, de gênero e raciais de um país escravista. No segundo, passamos às questões específicas da docência feminina. Percorremos querelas, saberes, métodos, salários e dados numéricos da instrução num movimento de cotejamento entre as ações do governo provincial e as experiências das mestras públicas. No terceiro, discutimos três dimensões do acesso e transmissão da docência pública entre mulheres paulistas no XIX: a família, o ingresso por meio de concursos e indicações, e o Seminário de Educandas, um asilo paulista de órfãs como espaço educativo feminino que legou o magistério a algumas de suas internas. O último capítulo apresenta o corpo discente da escola feminina da Sé, considerando que uma das dimensões significativas do ofício docente é seu impacto na trajetória da população feminina que frequentou as escolas públicas. As experiências destas mulheres no magistério evidenciam o quanto elas se valeram das possibilidades em cena, afirmando, modificando e rompendo com os destinos mais recorrentes; para além da educação, contam sobre o ser mulher e o protagonismo feminino possível no século XIX. / The first General Law of Public Instruction, of October 15, 1827, is a milestone in the history of Brazilian education, as it authorizes provincial presidents and councils to create schools of first letters for girls in the cities and more populous villages. In São Paulo, the first five chairs were founded in 1828 and provided by means of public entrance examination and from this year to 1860, 88 schools were created and 136 teachers occupied them. This research aims to understand the invention of female public teaching regarding the history of working women and of the nineteenth-century society of São Paulo. As guideline to this study, we elected the first female public teacher of the Province, Benedita da Trindade do Lado de Cristo, in whose trajectory we initially identify questions, spaces, polemics, relationships and traditions that are then extended to the teachers collective teaching experience. The interpretations and methodology are based on social history theories, history of daily life and micro history, and on research on womens history and history of education. The sources of the research form a varied set consisting of manuscripts from the Public Archive of the State of São Paulo; legislation and reports of the Public Instruction and of provincial presidents; newspapers; visual records; baptismal records; travel reports and memoirist literature. The study is organized in four chapters. In chapter one, we outline the world of womens work, highlighting the diverse possibilities of being a woman in São Paulo during the nineteenth century, with the profound social, gender and racial inequalities of a slave country. In chapter two, we turn to the specific questions of female teaching, going through quarrels, knowledge, methods, salaries and numeric data of the instruction in a movement of comparison between the actions of the provincial government and the experiences of the public female teachers. In chapter three, we discuss three dimensions of access and transmission of public teaching among women in the nineteenth century: the family; entry through public entrance examinations and nominations; and the Seminar of Educandas, a São Paulo asylum of orphans as a female educational space that bequeathed the magisterium to some of its inmates. The last chapter presents the student body of the Sé womens school, considering that one of the significant dimensions of the teaching profession is its impact on the trajectory of the female population that attended public schools. The experiences of these women in the magisterium show how they made use of the existing possibilities, affirming, modifying and breaking with the most recurrent destinies; Beyond education, they tell about being a woman and the possible female protagonism in the nineteenth century.

Nas últimas décadas a profissão docente vem atravessando uma grande fase de desprestígio, pois o professor é colocado como responsável pela maioria dos insucessos da aprendizagem. Como se não bastasse para se manter nessa posição o professor necessita de um aprimoramento contínuo que inclui a utilização de teorias modernas, conhecimentos tecnológicos e, além disso, uma permanente ampliação da sua rede de saberes. O que o coloca numa situação angustiante e permanente de queixas dirigidas a todos os envolvidos no processo educativo. Mesmo diante desse quadro que está estabelecido pessoas continuam estudando para serem professores e, as que estão em sala de aula também não abandonam a profissão, o que nos faz perguntar O que sustenta o professor na docência? Para responder essa questão entramos em contato com as Histórias de Vida e entrevistas de professores que cursavam uma disciplina de pós-graduação. Analisamos as Histórias de Vida utilizando o conceito de ethos modificado por Maingueneau (2005) e relacionado à Análise do Discurso e a partir do ethos discursivo obtido, organizamos as situações marcantes em termos de demandas subjetivas feitas pelo professor. Essas demandas olhadas por um novo referencial, o psicanalítico, foram caracterizadas em: dívida simbólica, reedição parental, demanda de amor e gozo. A estrutura explicativa obtida nos sugeriu uma analogia com o modelo dos Programas de Pesquisas de Lakatos (1979), pois em nossa interpretação, as condições que caracterizam o progresso ou abandono de um paradigma têm a mesma estrutura das que se referem ao progresso ou abandono da carreira docente. Inferimos finalmente que o professor se mantém na docência porque esse lugar ainda propicia condições para que ele possa atualizar e dar atendimento as suas demandas mais subjetivas. Na nossa interpretação, condições institucionais que ajudem na proteção dessas demandas primordiais também podem se constituir como fator vital para a permanência na docência. / In the last few decades, the teaching profession has lacked prestige, as society blames teachers for most learning failures. Additionally, teachers must improve continuously in order to maintain their jobs it is demanded of them that they be able to use modern theories and technological knowledge, as well as that they permanently widen their knowledge network. This puts them in a distressing position, and one in which complaints are directed towards all involved in the educational process. Even facing this scenario, however, people continue to study to be teachers, and the ones currently teaching do not abandon their profession. This makes one wonder: What keeps a teacher in the teaching profession? In order to answer this question, we interviewed teachers enrolled in a postgraduate course and got acquainted with their Life Stories. We analyzed these Life Stories using the concept of ethos as modified by Maingueneau and related it to Discourse Analysis. Using the resulting discursive ethos as a starting point, we organized the noteworthy situations according to the teachers subjective demands. These demands were then analyzed from the psychoanalytical frame of reference and characterized as: symbolic debt, new edition of parental relationships, demand for love and jouissance. The explicative structure obtained suggested an analogy with the Lakatos Research Programs, since, in our interpretation, the conditions that characterize the progress or the abandonment of a paradigm have the same structure of those which refer to the progress or abandonment of the teaching career. Finally, we inferred that teachers keep teaching because this post still provides conditions for him or her to update and fulfill his or her most subjective demands. In our interpretation, institutional conditions which help protect these primordial demands may also constitute vital factors for the permanence of teachers in the teaching profession.