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Fairy tales as a form of social acculturation can subvert and/or perpetuate potentially harmful social norms. In this essay, Chris Anne Wolfe’s lesbian romance novel Bitter Thorns (1994) and the film Shrek (2001) are analysed as adaptations of the fairy tale Beauty and the Beast, with a focus on the extent to which they challenge and/or reinforce three fairy tale norms: women as tradeable objects, heteronormativity and idealised beauty. Both these texts can be seen as subversive, Bitter Thorns in how it challenges heteronormativity and Shrek in how it challenges the norm of idealised beauty. This subversion, however, is limited, as both texts do more to perpetuate fairy tale norms than to challenge them. They both reinforce the idea of women as objects for trade, Bitter Thorns perpetuates the norm of idealised beauty, and Shrek advocates heteronormative relationships and the dominance of heterosexual masculinity.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / This work was carried out to monitor the growth and the shoots of Pilosocereus gounellei in Cearà Caatinga and check whether there were differences in the chemical composition of xiquexique handled in different ways, as the withdrawal of thorns, stored in the shade of a tree or in a shed for 31 days. The experiments were performed in New Barra district, TauÃ, CearÃ. In the first experiment the experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and 40 plants per repetition. The treatments were: T1 - Plant unbranched (control); T2 - Plant with a primary branch and T3 - Plant with two primary branches. We randomly selected 120 plants xiquexiques in approximately one hectare of scrub. For selection were used xiquexiques which estimates the initial ones, to the diameter of the stems (DC), were 62.4  2.9 mm; to the diameter of the primary branches 1 (DR1) were 52.9  3.1; for the average diameter of the primary branches 2 (DR2) were 47.8  4.2 mm. In relation to the length, the initial steps of the primary branch 1 (CR1) were 630  210 mm and the length of the primary arm 2 (CR2) was 580  164 mm. After the selection has been made the standardization of plants with manual cuts, leaving them with a height of 50 cm (main stem length). Then the treatments was conducted: the T1 treatment all branches were removed, leaving only the main stem; in T2 treatment was left only one primary branch and on T3 were left two primary branches. To make the standardization of cuts and application of plant treatments pruning shears was used. Each plant was an experimental unit, which were identified with zinc plates, tied with wire, consisting treatment and experimental unit. They were measured every month the diameter and length of the main stem and shoots. Data were collected monthly between February 2013 and February 2014. It was observed that most of the shoots, regardless of treatment emerged in the basal region and the most developed were the primary treatment without branching. it was found that the treatment in which it was left only a branch plant developed in a shorter period of time. The second experiment was carried out for seven from October to November 6, 2013. The experimental design was a split plot in time, with three replicates per treatment. Were selected at random, 320 plant xiquexiques in the study area in a radius of about 10 ha, with uniform characteristics. For the choice of plants were used certain criteria, such as height, crown diameter, stem diameter at ground level and the amount of primary branches. After this selection were withdrawn 960 primary branches with approximately 40 cm long. Then they were transported in a truck to the warehouse, sorted and separated, 240 branches for each treatment. The plots were the storage locations (1: Tree and 2: shed) and the subplots were represented by four types of disposal of thorns processing (1: in natura with aculeus control); 2: use of flamethrower during storage; 3: burns in coivara during storage; 4: Xiquexique submitted to burning the thorns in launches calls upon the withdrawal of the sample evaluated during 31 days. It was observed that the storage location did not influence the results, can be done either under the tree as in a shed with air intake. It has been found that the Xiquexique should be stored in natura and removal of the spines should only be done in the preceding hours use, it was observed that there was no loss in nutritional content of the plant. In addition to being stored for a period of 31 days. Greater amount of Xiquexique can be harvested regardless of its immediate use, reducing the costs involved in cutting activities and transportation. / Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de acompanhar o crescimento e as brotaÃÃes de Pilosocereus gounellei na Caatinga cearense, bem como verificar se havia diferenÃa na composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica do xiquexique manejado de diferentes formas, quanto à retirada dos acÃleos, armazenado na sombra de uma Ãrvore ou dentro de um galpÃo durante 31 dias. Os experimentos foram realizados no distrito de Barra Nova, TauÃ, CearÃ. No primeiro experimento o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com trÃs tratamentos e 40 plantas por repetiÃÃo. Os tratamentos foram: T1 â Planta sem ramificaÃÃes (testemunha); T2 â Planta com uma ramificaÃÃo primÃria e T3 â Planta com duas ramificaÃÃes primÃrias. Foram selecionadas aleatoriamente 120 plantas de xiquexiques em aproximadamente um hectare de caatinga. Para a seleÃÃo foram utilizados xiquexiques cujas estimativas das mÃdias iniciais, para o diÃmetro dos caules (DC), eram de 62,4  2,9 mm; para o diÃmetro das ramificaÃÃes primÃrias 1 (DR1) eram 52,9  3,1; para o diÃmetro mÃdio das ramificaÃÃes primÃrias 2 (DR2) eram 47,8  4,2 mm. Em relaÃÃo ao comprimento, as medidas iniciais da ramificaÃÃo primÃria 1 (CR1) foram de 630  210 mm e para o comprimento da ramificaÃÃo primÃria 2 (CR2) foi 580  164 mm. ApÃs a seleÃÃo foi feita a uniformizaÃÃo das plantas com cortes manuais, deixando-as com a altura de 50 cm (comprimento do caule principal). Em seguida foi realizada a aplicaÃÃo dos tratamentos: no tratamento T1 foram retiradas todas as ramificaÃÃes, deixando somente o caule principal; no tratamento T2 foi deixada apenas uma ramificaÃÃo primÃria e no tratamento T3 foram deixadas duas ramificaÃÃes primÃrias. Para efetuar os cortes de uniformizaÃÃo e aplicaÃÃo dos tratamentos das plantas foi utilizada uma tesoura de poda. Cada planta constituÃa uma unidade experimental, que foram identificadas com placas de zinco, amarradas com arame, constando o tratamento e unidade experimental. Foram medidos, mensalmente o diÃmetro e comprimento do caule principal e das brotaÃÃes. Os dados foram coletados mensalmente entre fevereiro de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014. Foi observado que a maioria das brotaÃÃes, independente do tratamento surgiram na regiÃo basal, e as mais desenvolvidas foram no tratamento sem ramificaÃÃo primÃria. foi constatado que o tratamento no qual foi deixado apenas uma ramificaÃÃo a planta se desenvolveu em um menor espaÃo de tempo. O segundo experimento foi realizado no perÃodo de sete de outubro a seis de novembro de 2013. O delineamento experimental foi em parcela subdividida no tempo, com trÃs repetiÃÃes por tratamento. Foram selecionadas, ao acaso, 320 plantas de xiquexiques na Ãrea em estudo, em um raio de aproximadamente 10 ha, com caracterÃsticas uniformes. Para a escolha das plantas foram utilizados alguns critÃrios, tais como: a altura, o diÃmetro da copa, o diÃmetro do caule ao nÃvel do solo e a quantidade de ramificaÃÃes primÃrias. ApÃs essa seleÃÃo foram retiradas 960 ramificaÃÃes primÃrias com aproximadamente 40 cm de comprimento. Em seguida foram transportadas em uma caminhonete atà o galpÃo, sorteadas e separadas, 240 ramificaÃÃes para cada tratamento. As parcelas foram os locais de armazenamento (1: Ãrvore e 2: galpÃo) e as subparcelas foram representadas pelos quatro tipos de processamento de eliminaÃÃo dos acÃleos (1: in natura com acÃleo testemunha); 2: utilizaÃÃo de lanÃa chamas por ocasiÃo do armazenamento; 3: queima em coivara por ocasiÃo do armazenamento; 4: xiquexique submetido à queima dos acÃleos em lanÃa chama por ocasiÃo da retirada da amostra, avaliados durante 31 dias. Foi observado que o local do armazenamento nÃo influenciou nos resultados, podendo ser feito tanto embaixo da Ãrvore como dentro de um galpÃo com entrada de ar. Foi constatado que o xiquexique deve ser armazenado na forma in natura e a retirada dos acÃleos deve ser feita somente nas horas precedentes a sua utilizaÃÃo, pois dessa foi observado que nÃo houve perdas nos teores nutricionais da planta. AlÃm de poder ser armazenada por um perÃodo de 31 dias. Maior quantidade de xiquexique pode ser colhida independentemente de sua utilizaÃÃo imediata, diminuindo os custos envolvidos nas atividades de corte e transporte.

I den här uppsatsen undersöker jag Simon Snow från Carry On trilogin (2015–21) och Morrigan ”Mor” från A Court of Thorns and Roses serien (2015–). Huvudsyftet med studien är att undersöka hur dessa två karaktärers sexualitet och identitet fungerar i sina respektive fantasy serier, hur de gestaltas och om de får chansen att utvecklas. Med queerteoretisk utgångspunkt undersöker jag hur karaktärerna kommer ut och hur de lever sina liv efteråt, likaså hur deras sexualitet får en roll i deras respektive fantasy-värld. I min analys visar jag hur bisexualiteten ignoreras och hur båda karaktärerna har svårt att komma fram till vilken sexualitet som passar dem bäst. Mor har även en långsammare utveckling när det kommer till hennes sexualitet, och finner det svårare att våga komma ut. Simon och Mor är även olika som personer och i min analys visar jag på hur slutet av deras respektive berättelser blir annorlunda; Mor försvinner ur berättelsen nästan direkt efter att hon kommer ut, medan Simon blir mer bekväm i hans sexualitet och relation. / In this paper, I study Simon Snow from the Carry On trilogy (2015–21) and Morrigan, nicknamed Mor, from the book series A Court of Thorns and Roses (2015–). The main aim of this study is to examine how the two characters’ sexuality and identity work in their respective book series, how they are described and if they are allowed to develop. Using queer theory, I examine how the two characters come out and how they live their lives afterwards, as well as how sexuality work in a fantasy novel. As a result, I have discovered that the label of bisexuality is frowned upon, and that both characters have a hard time figuring themselves out in terms of what sexuality and identity they relate to the most. Mor also had a slower development when it comes to her sexuality and a bigger struggle with coming out to her friends in comparison to Simon. Mor and Simon have very different journeys with their sexuality and are at very different stages in their acceptance at the end of their respective stories. In Mor’s case, she left the story as soon as she came out to one person, whilst Simon became more confident in his sexuality and relationship.

The current paper is a study of the male characters Simon and Jace from Cassandra Clare's City of Bones (2010), and the characters Tamlin and Rhysand from Sarah J. Maas’ A Court of Thorns and Roses (2015). The main aim is to examine whether the characters in these fantasy novels for young adults have traits and functions that previously have been used to describe and portray female characters. The study discovered among other things that vulnerability and sensitivity could be found in all the characters, especially when danger was upon them or their loved ones. Simon was also the only character that was not portrayed with skills in combat, which was mocked by the other male characters but not by the female protagonist. The two male characters in A Court of Thorns and Roses were also portraited as sexual objects in the novel, and Rhysand was exposed to sexual abuse by the novel’s antagonist, which can be seen as stereotypical female trait. The male character’s function in the novels was to have a folie function to each other, and be a love interest, a confidant, and a choir to the female protagonist. The male characters in the novels were also the ones who needed to be rescued by the female characters, and thereby found themselves in a female position.