Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Adelina Franca.pdf: 2248959 bytes, checksum: 5ed36ccc35c675f9ed2c5ecdf6b06d2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study analysed the influence of new information and communication technologies ICT in the political participation and consciousness of the youth, using a psicosocial approach. The use of internet was used as a basis for investigating the other variables impacting in this process. The sample was of 1165 respondents from different social economic status - SES, in the metropolitan area of São, ages ranging from 13 to 30 years old, from public and private schools and non-governmental organizations (NGO). Two main hypothesis were analysed: H1 the direct and positive correlation of the generalized use of internet on the youth political participation and consciousness; and, H2 correlation of the specific use of the internet on the youth political participation and consciousness. The demographic variables analysed were: age, sex, race, SES; and the competencies: political and social interest, personal and political efficacy, trust in people and in institutions, feelings of belonging, empathy, values, and content of the internet. The final results have shown that: (H1) the generalized use of internet is not directly linked to the youth political participation and consciousness, and it is highly influenced by SES; whereas (H2) only the specific use of internet is directly connected to the political participation and consciousness of the youth / O presente estudo quantitativo, de abordagem psicossocial, analisa a influência das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) na participação e consciência política de jovens da região metropolitana de São Paulo. O uso da internet foi utilizado como base para investigação das demais variáveis que impactam neste processo. A amostra total compreendeu 1.165 jovens, de diferentes estratos sociais da região metropolitana de São Paulo, com idades entre 13 a 30 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas e de organizações não governamentais. Foram investigadas duas hipóteses básicas: a primeira, H1, é que há correlação direta e positiva do uso generalizado da internet na participação e consciência política da amostra estudada; e a segunda, H2, é sobre a correlação do uso específico da internet na participação e consciência política da amostra coletada. Para tanto, a análise contemplou as variáveis demográficas idade, gênero, etnia e renda familiar e as competências (interesse político e interesse social, eficácia pessoal e eficácia política interna e externa, confiança nas pessoas e confiança nas instituições, sentimento de pertencimento, empatia, valores e variáveis relacionadas ao uso da internet). Os resultados finais indicaram que: (H1) embora a utilização da internet esteja relacionada à participação e consciência política dos jovens, o seu uso indiscriminado não o está. Apenas o uso específico da internet está diretamente associado à participação e consciência política dos jovens analisados (H2). A renda familiar mostrou ser a variável de maior impacto na amostra estudada

Movement pattern mining involves the processing of movement data to understand the mobility behaviour of humans/animals. Movement pattern mining has numerous applications, e.g. traffic optimization, event planning, optimization of public transport and carpooling. The recent digital revolution has caused a wide-spread use of smartphones and other devices equipped with GPS. These devices produce a tremendous amount of movement data which contains valuable mobility information. Many interesting mobility patterns and algorithms to mine them have been proposed in recent years to mine different types of mobility behaviours, e.g. convoy, flock, group, swarm or platoon, etc. The drastic increase in the volumes of data being generated limits the use of these algorithms in the mining of movement patterns on real-world data sizes because of their lack of scalability.This thesis deals with three aspects of movement pattern mining, i.e. scalability, efficiency, and real-timeliness with a focus on convoy pattern mining. A convoy pattern is a group of objects moving together for a certain period. Mining of convoy pattern involves clustering of the movement dataset at each timestamp and then merging the clusters to form convoys. Clustering the whole dataset is a limiting factor in the scalability of existing algorithms. One way to solve the scalability problem is to mine convoys in parallel. Parallel mining can be done either using the existing distributed spatiotemporal data processing system like Parallel Secondo or by using a general distributed data processing system. We first test the scalability behaviour of Parallel Secondo for mining movement patterns and conclude that it is not an industrial grade system and its scalability is limited. An essential part of designing distributed data processing algorithms is the data partitioning strategy. We study three different data partitioning strategies, i.e. Object-based, spatial and temporal. We analyze their suitability to convoy pattern mining based on 5 properties, i.e. data exchange, data redundancy, partitioning cost, disk seeks and data ordering. Our study shows that the temporal partitioning strategy is best suited for convoy mining as it is easily parallelizable and less complicated. The observations in our study also apply to other movement pattern mining algorithms, e.g. flock, group or platoon, etc.Based on the temporal partitioning strategy, we propose a generic distributed shared nothing convoy mining algorithm called DCM which is linearly scalable concerning the data size, data density and the number of nodes. DCM can be implemented using any distributed data processing framework. For our experiments, we implemented the algorithm using the Hadoop MapReduce framework. It performs better than the existing sequential algorithms, i.e. CuTs family of algorithms by an order of magnitude on different computing architectures, e.g. single x86 machine, multi-core cluster with NUMA architecture and multi-node SMP clusters. Although DCM is a scalable distributed algorithm which can process huge datasets, the cost of maintaining the cluster is high. Also, the heavy computation it incurs because of the requirement of clustering the whole dataset is not resource-efficient.To solve the efficiency problem of DCM, we propose a new sequential algorithm called k/2-hop which even being a sequential algorithm can perform orders of magnitude faster than the existing state-of-the-art sequential as well as distributed algorithms. The main strength of the algorithm is its pruning capability. Our experiments show that it can prune up to 99% of the data. k/2-hop uses a notion of benchmark points which are timestamps separated by k/2 timestamps where k is the minimum length of the convoys to be mined. We prove that to be able to mine maximal convoys; we need to cluster the data belonging to the benchmark points only. For the timestamps between two consecutive benchmark points, we propose an efficient mining algorithm called the Hop Window Mining Tree (HWMT). HWMT clusters the data corresponding to only those objects that are part of a cluster in the benchmark points. k/2-hop is a batch algorithm that can mine convoys very fast, but we only get the result when the complete dataset has been processed. Also, it requires the data to be indexed for better performance and thus cannot be used in real-time scenarios. We propose a streaming variant of the k/2-hop algorithm which does not require the input dataset to be indexed and can process a stream of data. It outputs the mined convoys as and when they are discovered. The streaming k/2-hop algorithm is very memory efficient and can process data that is many times bigger than the memory made available to the algorithm. We show through experiments that if we include the data loading and indexing time in the runtime of the k/2-hop algorithm, streaming k/2-hop is the fastest convoy mining algorithm to date. Convoy pattern is part of a bigger category of co-movement patterns, and most of the observations (if not all) made in this thesis about convoy pattern mining also apply to other patterns of the category such as flock, group or platoon, etc. This applicability means that a generic batch and streaming distributed co-movement pattern mining framework can be build using the k/2 technique. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

A sociedade atual é também conhecida como Sociedade da Informação, pois o acesso às informações e ao conhecimento está disponível de maneira rápida através das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), como computador, Internet e telefone celular. Assim, tem sido necessário elaborar novas maneiras de pensar e conviver com essas tecnologias. Para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico das nações é importante formar uma sociedade crítica, reflexo do processo educacional adotado; dessa maneira, é preciso se apropriar das TIC para obter práticas de ensino mais criativas e flexíveis. Para que essa integração gere resultados satisfatórios é preciso a união de diversos fatores como a infraestrutura disponível na escola, o domínio dos professores sobre a utilização nas atividades de ensino-aprendizagem, a integração no projeto político-pedagógico, a implementação de políticas públicas na área educacional pelo governo etc. Dessa forma, o levantamento de dados estatísticos sobre a adoção das TIC nos processos educacionais se faz necessário. Pesquisas amostrais são muito utilizadas com o intuito de conhecer determinada característica sobre uma população. O tamanho das amostras costuma ser planejado para a obtenção de dados para grandes áreas, no entanto, vem crescendo o desejo de se obter informações em níveis mais desagregados, onde o tamanho da amostra é pequeno para a produção de estimativas com precisão aceitável, sem aumentar o tamanho amostral. Em vista disso, a metodologia de estimação em pequenas áreas tem sido desenvolvida de forma a produzir estimativas com precisão adequada para as características de interesse, considerando a distribuição de probabilidade trazida no desenho amostral ou a utilização de modelos que emprestam informações para áreas semelhantes. O objetivo desta dissertação é a obtenção dessas estimativas para a proporção de escolas em que os professores usam a Internet em atividades de ensino-aprendizagem com os alunos para cada Unidade Federativa do Brasil, utilizando dados reais provenientes da pesquisa TIC Educação, produzida pelo CGI.br, e do Censo Escolar, produzido pelo INEP. Obtemos as estimativas por diferentes abordagens, tanto direto da amostra quanto através da construção de modelos de regressão logística, e as comparamos através da estimativa do erro quadrático médio e da proporção de acertos, através da matriz de confusão por validação leave-one-out. Para a consolidação dos resultados obtidos nos dados reais, fazemos um estudo de simulação de dados. O modelo de efeitos aleatórios é considerado como o que apresentou os melhores resultados. / The current society is also known as the Information Society because access to information and knowledge is available through Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) such as computer, Internet and mobile phone. Thus, new ways of thinking and living with these technologies have become necessary. For the socio-economic development of nations it is important to create a critical society, reection of adopted educational process; In that way, appropriating ICT should be necessary to obtain more creative and exible teaching practices. To obtain satisfactory performance it needs the union of several factors such as the infrastructure available in schools, the teacher\'s knowledge about how to adopt ICT on practical activities, the ICT integration on the political pedagogical project, the implementation of public policies on the educational sector etc. In this manner, collect statistical data about ICT adoption on teaching practices is necessary. Sample surveys are widely used in order to understand certain characteristics of a population. The sample sizes is often designed to obtain results for large areas, nevertheless, the desire to obtain these results for more disaggregated areas, where the sample size is small to produce reliable estimates, are increasing without increasing the sample size. Small area estimation methodology has been developed to produce reliable estimates about some desired characteristics considering the probability distribution introduced on the sample design or considering models to lend information to resembling domains. Our purpose is to obtain estimates to the proportion of schools wherein teachers use the Internet to teaching-learning activities with their students for each Federative Unit of Brazil using real data from ICT in Education Survey, conducted by CGI.br, and Scholar Census, conducted by INEP. We obtain these estimates from dierent aproaches both by direct estimator and by logistic regression models and we compare them under the mean squared error and the proportion of success using confusion matrix by leave-one-out cross-validation. To consolidate these results we do a simulation study. The logistic random eects model is considered the best approach.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-11-09T18:08:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Giselle Arieiro Jones.pdf: 1320964 bytes, checksum: e8d0ab39f4d7067b17f7ebd4d2d26139 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T18:08:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Giselle Arieiro Jones.pdf: 1320964 bytes, checksum: e8d0ab39f4d7067b17f7ebd4d2d26139 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / CAPES / The parasitism caused by Rhipicephalus microplus, popularly known as cattle tick, causes several losses to the Brazilian livestock. The indiscriminate use of chemical products for its control has generated several negative effects and in this context, studies involving the fungus Metarhizium spp. for biological control of ticks have shown great importance. The present study evaluated the virulence of 11 isolates of Metarhizium spp. for engorged females, eggs and larvae of R. microplus and also the conidiogenesis potential of the same isolates and their relationship with virulence. Single point of inoculum and cultivation between slide and coverslip were performed to evaluate the macro and micromorphology of the isolates. During the bioassay using engorged females, the effects of fungi on reproductive parameters were evaluated by analyzing the control percentage of each isolate after treatment by immersion of females in suspensions of 107 and 108 conidia / mL. The virulence of the isolates for eggs and larvae was evaluated by observing the hatch rate and mortality, respectively, after treatment with aqueous suspensions of Metarhizium spp. at concentrations of 105, 106, 107 and 108 conidia / mL. The LC50 and CL90 of each isolate for larvae were also calculated on the 25th day after treatment. To calculate the conidiogenesis of the isolates, three random cuts of 1.256 cm2 of area of each plate containing fungal conidia of 14 days of culture were made, then stirred in 1 ml of distilled water solution and 0.1% tween 80 and one aliquot of this suspension was quantified using a Neubauer chamber and optical microscope. Parametric data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test and non-parametric by Kruskal Wallis test followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) with significance level of 5% through free software R Studio Version 0.99 .903 and the "agricolae" package (Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research), version 1.2-4. In addition, multivariate statistics were applied using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for parameters of engorged females. The macro and micromorphological analysis of the isolates tested were compatible with those described in the literature for Metharizium spp. In general, the results were directly proportional to the concentrations that were tested and the isolates ARSEF 729 of Metarhizium anisopliae and ARSEF 3643 of Metarhizium anisopliae senso latu, presented the best results for R. microplus females, eggs and larvae, proving to be good candidates for future studies, whereas the isolate ARSEF 2211 of Metarhizium anisopliae senso latu demonstrated low virulence for all stages. The conidiogenesis of the different isolates tested varied a lot and no relation between conidia production and virulence was observed. The present study made possible the selection of isolates of Metarhizium spp. with high virulence for several stages of life of the R. microplus tick as well as isolates with high conidia production and their relationship with virulence, emphasizing the importance of studies to select suitable isolates for future use in formulations for biological control in the field. / O parasitismo causado por Rhipicephalus microplus, conhecido popularmente como carrapato dos bovinos, acarreta diversos preju?zos para a pecu?ria brasileira. O uso indiscriminado de produtos qu?micos para o seu controle tem gerado diversos efeitos negativos e nesse contexto, estudos envolvendo o fungo Metarhizium spp. para controle biol?gico de carrapatos tem demonstrado grande import?ncia. O presente estudo avaliou a virul?ncia de 11 isolados de Metarhizium spp. para f?meas ingurgitadas, ovos e larvas de R. microplus e tamb?m o potencial de conidiog?nese dos mesmos isolados e a sua rela??o com a virul?ncia. Pontos ?nicos de in?culo e microcultivo entre l?mina e lam?nula foram realizados a fim de avaliar a macro e micro morfologia dos isolados. Durante o bioensaio utilizando f?meas ingurgitadas, foram avaliados os efeitos dos fungos sobre os par?metros reprodutivos atrav?s da an?lise do percentual de controle de cada isolado ap?s o tratamento por imers?o das f?meas em suspens?es aquosas de 107 e 108 con?dios/mL. A virul?ncia dos isolados para ovos e larvas foi avaliada atrav?s da observa??o da taxa de eclos?o e mortalidade, respectivamente, ap?s tratamento com suspens?es aquosas nas concentra??es de 105, 106, 107 e 108 con?dios/mL. Tamb?m foi calculada a CL50 e CL90 de cada isolado para larvas no vig?simo quinto dia ap?s o tratamento. Para calcular a conidiog?nese dos isolados, foram feitos tr?s recortes aleat?rios de 1,256 cm2 de ?rea de cada placa contendo con?dios f?ngicos de 14 dias de cultivo, em seguida foram agitados em 1mL de solu??o de ?gua destilada e tween 80 a 0,1% e uma al?quota desta suspens?o foi quantificada com o auxilio de c?mara de Neubauer e microsc?pio ?ptico. Os dados param?tricos foram avaliados pela an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA) seguida do teste de Tukey e os n?o param?tricos pelo teste de Kruskal Wallis seguido de Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5% atrav?s do software livre R Studio Vers?o 0.99.903 e o pacote ?agricolae? (Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research), vers?o 1.2-4. Adicionalmente foi aplicada estat?stica multivariada mediante a An?lise de Componentes Principais (ACP) para par?metros de f?meas ingurgitadas. A an?lise macro e micromorfol?gica dos isolados testados se mostrou compat?vel com as descritas na literatura para Metharizium spp. De maneira geral, os resultados se apresentaram diretamente proporcionais ?s concentra??es que foram testadas e os isolados ARSEF 729 de Metarhizium anisopliae e ARSEF 3643 de Metarhizium anisopliae senso latu, apresentaram os melhores resultados para f?meas, ovos e larvas de R. microplus, demonstrando ser bons candidatos para estudos futuros. O isolado ARSEF 2211 de Metarhizium anisopliae senso latu demonstrou baixa virul?ncia para todos os est?gios. A conidiog?nese dos diferentes isolados testados se mostrou muito variada e n?o apresentou nenhuma rela??o com a virul?ncia dos mesmos. O presente estudo possibilitou a sele??o de isolados de Metarhizium spp. com alta virul?ncia para os diferentes est?gios de vida do carrapato R. microplus bem como isolados com alta produ??o de con?dios, ressaltando a import?ncia de estudos que visem selecionar isolados adequados para serem utilizados futuramente em formula??es para controle biol?gico a campo.

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar como graduandos de um curso de Letras/Espanhol representam o uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) no processo de ensino-aprendizagem do idioma e avaliar, em que medida, essas representações se transformaram ao longo da experiência de uso de um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA), criado na plataforma Moodle. Fundamentam teoricamente este estudo: a) uma visão do papel das representações sociais nas práticas dos indivíduos, com base nas contribuições de Jodelet (2001) e Moscovici (2003), e dos teóricos do Núcleo Central: Flament (1994), Moliner (1994; 2001), Abric (1993; 1994a; 1994b) e Sá (2015); b) a compreensão do potencial de mediação das TIC para a formação inicial de professores de línguas, cuja base são autores como, Coll (2010), Rojo (2013), Castells (2013; 2015), Horn, Staker, Christensen (2015), Valente (2015), Bautista, Borges e Forés (2016), entre outros c) e a perspectiva de Dewey (1979) sobre os critérios necessários para fazer de uma experiencia pura e simples, uma experiência educativa. Os dados foram coletados ao longo do segundo semestre de 2015, quando a disciplina Língua Espanhola foi ministrada, no curso de Letras de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo. Participaram do estudo oito alunos dessa disciplina. A pesquisa, de cunho etnográfico, seguiu a abordagem qualitativa-interpretativista. Os dados analisados correspondem ao discurso dos participantes que responderam aos dois questionários aplicados, no início e no fim do curso, e também na análise de um fórum de discussão específico, no qual se propôs aos discentes uma reflexão sobre o futuro da Educação mediada por tecnologias. A interpretação dos dados revelou a possível centralidade de Representações Relativizantes, cuja consequência aparente foi o discreto engajamento nas atividades propostas na sala de aula virtual. Além disso, observou-se que os estudantes vivenciaram uma experiência que pode ser considerada do tipo educativa, apesar de os critérios para tal terem sido satisfeitos apenas parcialmente, devido às escassas interações. Esses resultados parecem apontar para a necessidade de se desenvolverem mais experiências de uso das TIC ao longo da formação inicial, para uma incorporação natural delas às práticas de ensino dos futuros docentes. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how Spanish Language undergraduate students represent the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the teaching-learning process of the language and to assess to what the extent these social representations change throughout the experience of using a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE), created on the Moodle platform. This study is grounded on: a) a view of the role of social representations in the practice of individuals, based on the contributions of Jodelet (2001), Moscovici (2003), and Central Core theorists: Flament (1994), Moliner (1994;2001), Abric (1993; 1994a; 1994b) and Sá (2015); b) the comprehension of how important the ICT could be for the initial formation of language teachers, based on studies developed by Coll (2010), Rojo (2013), Castells (2013; 2015), Horn, Staker, Christensen (2015), Valente (2015), Bautista, Borges and Forés (2016), among others; c) and Dewey\'s (1979) perspective about the criteria an experience must fulfill to be considered educational. Data were collected throughout the second semester of 2015, in the classes of Spanish II, a course that is part of the Spanish Language Teaching Program at a public university in São Paulo. Eight students participated in the study. This ethnographic research followed the qualitative interpretative approach. The data analyzed here are part of the discourse of the participants who answered two questionnaires applied at the beginning and at the end of the course. The analysis also considered the participation of the students in a specific discussion forum, in which they reflected about the future of education mediated by technologies. The analysis of the data revealed the potential centrality of Relativizing Representations, which noticeable consequence was a discreet engagement of the students in the activities proposed in the virtual classroom. In addition, the results show that the students have gone through an educational experience, although the criteria for this conclusion have not been entirely fulfilled, due to the scarce VLE interactions. These results seem to point out the need of spreading more ICT experiences throughout the initial formation of teachers so that they can incorporate these technologies into their future practices.

La RSE est un concept protéiforme qui se développe dans toutes les régions du monde. Depuis ses origines éthiques américaines, ce concept a évolué pour embrasser d’autres acceptions économiques, managériales et politiques. Il s’est complexifié en prenant des formes diverses de diffusion selon la géographie, constituant ainsi un vaste domaine de la recherche. De façon synthétique deux approches s’y opposent : une tendance à l’universalisation du concept, et une autre tendance portée vers la contextualisation. Si l’approche, en Amérique, est qualifiée d’explicite et d’utilitariste fondée sur des déterminants éthiques et philanthropiques, en Europe elle est plutôt implicite, coordonnée et fondée sur des caractéristiques institutionnelles et organisationnelles. Au niveau des pays en développement, les modalités de diffusion de la RSE se distinguent selon les contextes et les environnements locaux. Au Maroc, cet état de fait a été expliqué dans la littérature par différents déterminants tels que la culture et les valeurs locales, y compris religieuses, la nature des dynamiques institutionnelles et leur maturité ainsi que les rapports entre les parties prenantes, les représentations du développment durable et l’organisation dans l’entreprise. C’est dans ce cadre que nous proposons d’approfondir la recherche sur la diffusion de la RSE chez AXA Maroc, une filiale de la multinationale AXA dans un cadre théorique constructiviste en mobilisant des approches communicationnelles et organisationnelles. Notre travail a constitué, dans le contexte marocain, à une approche pratique et nous avons développé un modele fondé sur les composantes de la RSE, des TIC et du Management Interculturel pour palier les barrières managériales basées sur les différences culturelles. / CSR is a protean concept that is growing in all parts of the world. Since its American ethical origins, this concept has evolved to embrace other economic, managerial and political aspects. Geographically, it has become more complex by taking various forms of distribution, hence, forming a vast field of research. In general, two approaches contradict it : one tends to universalize the concept, and the other tends towards contextualization. If the approach in America is described as being explicit and utilitarian based on ethical and philanthropic determinants, in Europe it is rather implicit, coordinated and based on institutional and organizational characteristics. In terms of developing countries, the modalities of distribution of CSR differ depending on the Contexts and the local environment. This was explained in literature in Morocco, by various determinants such as culture and local values, including religious ones, nature of institutional dynamics and their maturity as well as the relations between the stakeholders, the representations of sustainable development and the organization in the company. It is within this framework that we propose further research on the distribution of CSR at AXA Morocco, a subsidiary of AXA multinational in a constructivist theoretical framework by mobilizing communication and organizational approaches. Our work has formed a practical approach in Moroccan context and we have developed a model based on the components of CSR, ICT and Intercultural Management to overcome the managerial barriers based on cultural differences.

Depuis plus d'une vingtaine d'années, la qualité de l'éducation au Vietnam est souvent remise en cause et le système éducatif fait l'objet de plusieurs débats et initiatives de rénovation, sans pour autant atteindre les résultats attendus. Innover par le numérique et intégration internationale figurent parmi les priorités fixées dans la politique nationale, notamment au niveau d’enseignement supérieur. Beaucoup de programmes d’enseignement supérieur au Vietnam ont été évalués par l'ASEAN University Network (AUN). Parmi de nombreux critères de cette démarche d'évaluation, 15 sous-critères concernent de près ou de loin l'usage des TIC dans les formations. L’analyse des résultats de quatre programmes vietnamiens évalués en 2009 et 2011 montre qu'il existe une différence dans la perception réelle des sous-critères liés aux TIC entre les parties prenantes internes et les évaluateurs externes de ces programmes. À partir de ce constat, nous élaborons un instrument de mesure susceptible de permettre à tous les acteurs internes et externes d’un programme de formation d’identifier ce qui contribue à la satisfaction des étudiants vis-à-vis de l’usage des TIC dans les cours dispensés. Différents modèles existants (TAM, CEQ, SCEQ, eLEQ) ont été intégrés et adaptés dans le contexte de l’évaluation des programmes par l’AUN. Des enquêtes ont été menées auprès de plusieurs centaines d’étudiants de cinq programmes évalués en 2009, 2011 et 2014. Les résultats permettent de confirmer la validité et l’ajustement du modèle que nous proposons. / Since more than twenty years, the educational quality has been subject to lots of public debates in Vietnam. Several renovation solutions was adopted without achieving the expected results. As the country has strongly integrated the international market, ICT-based innovation and international quality assessment become first priorities fixed in the national educational policies. A lot of training programmes have been assessed by the ASEAN University Network (AUN). Among the criteria used in this quality-assurance assessment, encompassing 15 sub-criteria that relate more or less to the use of the ICT in the educational activities. We analyzed the results of four Vietnamese programmes assessed in 2009 and 2011 and founded that there is a significant difference of the perception about the ICT use quality between the internal stakeholders and the external assessors in these programmes. From this revelation, we aim to elaborate a measurement instrument which may help all of the programme’s internal or external stakeholders to identify the factors contributing to the students’ satisfaction about the ICT use in their degree courses. Some existing models such as TAM, CEQ, SCEQ, eLEQ were integrated in the context of AUN-QA assessment at the programme level. The survey was conducted at five Vietnamese programmes assessed in 2009, 2011 and 2014, with 453 full responses. The data analysis confirms the validity of our proposed measurement model.

Parce qu’ils font l’objet d’une utilisation intensive ces dernières années et que leur adoption suit une courbe similaire à celle du taux de pénétration du smartphone, les services de géolocalisation se sont rapidement et solidement ancrés dans le quotidien des individus hyperconnectés. Nous nous interrogeons dans cette recherche doctorale sur les nouvelles expériences au monde qui découlent de l’usage de ces dispositifs à travers une enquête qualitative menée auprès de 62 individus. Nos premiers résultats mettent en évidence que ces services, au même titre que d’autres technologies de l’information et de la communication, contribuent grandement à un réinvestissement des espaces et des lieux, à une relativisation des distances kilométriques et à de nouveaux rapports au temps marqués par une accélération continue et une recherche de l’immédiateté. Mais, les applications géolocalisées se voulant aujourd’hui de plus en plus socialisantes, nous avons également relevé et analysé de nouvelles stratégies de regroupement, d’évitement, de surveillance voire de contrôle entre des individus. Cela amène parfois à de nouveaux rapports de forces entre un géolocalisant et un géolocalisé, intimement liés aux problématiques de la visibilité, de la visualité et de l’anonymat dans un espace urbain hybridé où le partage de la position géographique est devenu quasiment permanent. / Because of their increasing and intensive use over the last few years, roughly similar to the smartphone penetration rate, Location-Based Services (LBS) have quickly and strongly become rooted in the everyday’s life of the hyperconnected user. We are questionning ourselves in this PhD research on the new experiences to the world brought by the use of such devices throughout a qualitative survey conducted among 62 LBS users. Our first results highlight that those LBS, like some other information and communication technologies, largely contribute in the reinvestment of space and places, while they are creating a relativization of metric distance over the temporal one and new ways to experience time defined by a continuous acceleration and a search for immediacy. But, as LBS are becoming more and more socializing, we also noticed and analyzed new grouping and dodging strategies, as well as new ways to watch over and possibly control people. This sometimes leads to new balances of power between the one who is tracking and the one who is being tracked, deeply linked to discussions over visibility, visuality and anonymity in a hybrid urban space where the share of location has become almost continuous.

Nous allons délimiter et analyser la problématique liée à l’utilisation et l’appropriation de Technologies de la Communication et de l’Information (TIC’s) en contexte éducatif, en particulier dans les pays en voie de développement, où des difficultés d’orientation du développement social surgissent à partir de leur usage, parce qu’elles aboutissent à des formules déterministes qui renforcent l’orientation linéaire de la relation technologie-développement.Dans ce sens, les institutions responsables de la prise de décisions politiques qui exigent la mise en place de mécanismes de planification gouvernementale (priorisation de la dépense publique) et d’investissement, conçoivent des programmes d’informatisation des écoles basées sur cette conception linéaire, caractérisée par un sens palliatif et d’assistance, qui finissent par générer des relations de paternalisme et de dépendance.Dans ce contexte, le projet de recherche prétend élaborer une proposition d’analyse sociotechnique des technologies aussi bien théorique que méthodologique pour faire face au problème de la relation technologie-éducation à travers l’analyse du cas colombien du programme Computadores para Educar (CPE).La présente recherche doctorale propose comme objectif principal d’étudier les relations entre les acteurs impliqués dans les processus d’insertion des ordinateurs dans les écoles publiques, en prenant comme base d’analyse le programme d’État CPE. Nous nous demandons alors, quelles sont ces nouvelles relations entre les utilisations des technologies et le rôle des enseignants et des élèves dans cette nouvelle école dans laquelle le rôle des technologies paraît si essentiel et important, mais dont les résultats de l’inclusion des technologies en processus pédagogiques paraissent peu significatifs.La question centrale de notre recherche serait la suivante: Quelles relations se sont nouées, et de quelle manière, entre les acteurs concernés par le processus d’introduction des ordinateurs au sein des écoles ayant reçu les ordinateurs fournis par le programme CPE, en Colombie, au cours de la période 2004-2008 ? / The main objective of this thesis is the delimitation and analysis of use and appropriation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT’s) in educational contexts especially in developing countries where exists problematic orientations about social development policy based in the use of these technologies. These problematic approach arise because there is a tendency to apply deterministic formulas that reinforce the linear relationship between development and technology.In this sense, the institutions responsible for policy decisions that require the establishment of mechanisms for government planning (prioritization of public expenditure) and investment, designs schools computerization programs based on this linear approach, characterized by a palliative direction and assistance, which eventually generate relationships of paternalism and dependency.In this context the research claims to develop a sociotechnical analysis proposal for technologies, both theoretical and methodological, to face the problem of the relationship between technology-education through the analysis of the case of the Colombian program Computadores para Educar (CPE).The present doctoral research suggests as a main objective, the study of the relationship between the actors involved into the processes of inclusion of computers in the public schools, by taking as basis of the analysis the state program CPE in Colombia. The principal interest of these research is to identify the new relationships between the uses of the technologies and the role of the teachers and the students in this new school in which the role of the technologies seems so essential and important, but whose results of the inclusion of the ICT’s into educational processes seem to be little significant.The central question of our search would be the following one: Which and how the relationships between the actors concerned by the process of introduction of computers within schools having received computers supplied by the program CPE in Colombia were stablished, during the period 2004-2008?

La thèse défendue porte sur la compréhension des mécanismes inhérents au processus de l'appropriation d'une TIC en entreprise à partir des relations entre Usage-Conception–Vision. Le cadre théorique original développé permet de proposer d'intégrer trois variables, explicatives du phénomène, souvent traitées séparément dans les modèles proposés en Système d'Information : usage, conception et vision. Afin d'offrir un modèle d'analyse intégrant ces différents éléments, l'auteur articule la perspective structurationniste développée par Orlikowski (2000) pour saisir l'usage réel, la théorie de la conception collective d'Hatchuel (1994, 1996) pour comprendre la conception, et le concept de Vision de Mobilité Stratégique (Maurice et Alii, 1987), en combinaison avec le concept de Vision Organisante (Swanson et Ramiller, 1997) pour appréhender la vision. Pour illustrer son modèle d'analyse, le recours à l'étude de cas unique a été choisi. Une étude de quatre année (2001 à 2005) a été réalisée au sein de la DRH du groupe Aéro, portant sur l'analyse de l'appropriation d'un Intranet RH par l'utilisateur Management Intermédiaire, présenté comme un acteur clef dans la transformation attendue de la fonction RH. Différents résultats émergent. Concernant l'usage des TIC en entreprise, une typologie d'utilisateurs est notée : le « super technicien », le « patron de chaîne », l' « artisan industriel » et « l'électron libre ». Chacun ayant un positionnement et un usage spécifique vis à vis l'intranet RH. Cela montre à la fois l'effet de la nature de l'activité et de la structure organisationnelle sur les pratiques et la difficulté pour les concepteurs de gérer la pluralité des usages. Concernant la conception, l'étude met en lumière le rôle capital d'un prescripteur, bien identifié, qui assigne les objectifs de création et garantie l'équilibre entre les prescriptions et les stratégies individuelles de l'ensemble des concepteurs inclus dans le projet de création. Quant aux relations entre les trois variables clefs, le résultat le plus marquant concerne le double effet de la variable « Vision de Mobilité Stratégique » sur les usages : un effet direct à travers la force de l'engagement des décideurs et indirect via le processus de conception. Plus globalement, on note un enrichissement de la définition de l'appropriation d'une TIC reposant sur la rencontre entre trois processus : celui par lequel l'individu va rendre une TIC propre à son usage à travers ses actions, le processus de conception permanent associée à une TIC et l'évolution de la vision de mobilité stratégique que les décideurs associent à la TIC dans leur stratégie de changement.