Needs are crucial in organisational learning processes, but yet not formally conceptualised as a distinct type of knowledge. In this conceptual paper, I establish a knowledge perspective on needs and the transformation process from needs towards need satisfaction. Based on an ontology clarifying the concept of need and its means of satisfaction, I introduce need-based solution knowledge consisting of three distinct capacities to act. I argue why these capacities should be made explicit in group settings and point at possible leverage points for organisational practice.

MELO, Pamella Beserra de. Precarização do trabalho e saúde dos trabalhadores terceirizados. 2016. 122f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-31T15:09:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_ pbmelo.pdf: 1093941 bytes, checksum: 6ab384ff90ea90983866611b091a4535 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-01T10:47:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_ pbmelo.pdf: 1093941 bytes, checksum: 6ab384ff90ea90983866611b091a4535 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T10:47:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_ pbmelo.pdf: 1093941 bytes, checksum: 6ab384ff90ea90983866611b091a4535 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / The research presented here analyzed how the work affects the health of outsourced professionals working at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC). The research, based on the Clinic of Activity and located in the field of Worker’s Health, is based on qualitative epistemology and developed as a case study derived from intervention carried out in the UFC Central Warehouse. All the material produced in the intervention was used for the construction of the corpus pertaining to the case analyzed. Such a design corroborates the theoretical perspective mentioned for which the intervention is first performed, and then the research is started. It is acknowledged that each of these moments has different temporalities and objects, keeping a relation of mutual independence. The intervention comprised three stages: 1) formation of the analysis group, in which observations, interviews, documentary analyzes and filming were performed; 2) simple and/or cross self-confrontations, during which the workers were confronted with the audiovisual record of their activities; and 3) return to the initial group. The research methodology came from the videography method. To analyze the data, we used the constructive-interpretative content analysis of González Rey. The triple-directed activity (for the object, for the subject and for the other) was adopted as the unit of analysis. The relevance of the study is considered, since we are in a context marked by setbacks in the world of work, where archaic practices of management and control of labor and production coexist with “innovative” tendencies that weaken the working class, representing a threat to work on its ontological character and to workers’ rights. It is intended that the research contributes to the formulation of actions aimed at workers’ health and development of their power to act, as well as undressing the vulnerabilities to which workers with precarious employment ties are subjected. Thus, regarding the working conditions, it was perceived that workers with outsourced links are more subject to situations of vulnerability, and their work surrounding is permeated by situations of risk to their health and safety. It was noted that these professionals were more susceptible to situations of harassment, threat, disrespect, prejudice, authoritarianism due to the instability of the work bond; moreover they underwent inadequate conditions for the development of their activities, such as dusty, poorly lit and unventilated environment, with a precarious and old structure, as well as the lack of materials in good conditions and/or the use of inappropriate ones. Thus, it was observed that in the activity of the subjects studied several obstacles are imposed on their action, but through a model of participatory management they found the possibilities of developing their power to act and build health, strengthening the professional group that could recognize themselves as a group when discussing and debating the difficulties and possible suggestions for doing a job well done. It was also observed through the active participation of workers in the changes undertaken in the researched sector improvements such as redefining the duties and tasks of each worker, improvements in work processes to become more fluid and dynamic, holding systematic meetings with the participation and involvement of all professionals in the sector, listening to the suggestions and collectively questioning the issues at hand. / A investigação aqui apresentada analisou como o trabalho repercute na saúde dos profissionais com vínculo terceirizado que atuam na Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). A pesquisa fundamenta-se na Clínica da Atividade e situa-se no campo da Saúde do Trabalhador; baseia-se na epistemologia qualitativa e desenvolveu-se como um estudo de caso derivado de intervenção efetivada no Almoxarifado Central da UFC. Todo o material produzido na intervenção foi utilizado para a construção do corpus pertinente ao caso analisado. Tal delineamento corrobora a perspectiva teórica mencionada para a qual, primeiro, realiza-se a intervenção para, em seguida, dar-se início à pesquisa. Assume-se que cada um desses momentos tem temporalidades e objetos diferentes, guardando uma relação de mútua independência. A intervenção compreendeu três etapas: 1) formação do grupo de análise, no qual foram realizadas observações, entrevistas, análises documentais e filmagens; 2) autoconfrontações simples e/ou cruzadas, durante as quais os trabalhadores foram confrontados com o registro audiovisual de suas atividades; e 3) retorno ao grupo inicial. A metodologia da pesquisa se deu a partir da videografia. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo construtiva-interpretativa de González Rey. Adotou-se como unidade de análise a atividade triplamente dirigida (para o objeto, pelo sujeito e para o outro). Considera-se a pertinência do estudo, uma vez que nos encontramos num contexto marcado por retrocessos no mundo laboral, em que práticas arcaicas de gestão e controle da mão de obra e da produção coexistem com tendências “inovadoras” que vulnerabilizam a classe trabalhadora, representando uma ameaça ao trabalho em seu caráter ontológico e aos direitos dos trabalhadores. Objetiva-se que a pesquisa contribua para formulação de ações voltadas à saúde do trabalhador e ao desenvolvimento do seu poder de agir, bem como desnude as vulnerabilidades a que estão submetidos os trabalhadores que possuem vínculos laborais precários. Desta forma, em relação às condições de trabalho, percebeu-se que os trabalhadores com vínculo terceirizado estão mais sujeitos a situações de vulnerabilidade, e seu universo de trabalho é permeado por situações de risco à saúde e à segurança. Constatou-se ainda estarem eles mais suscetíveis a situações de assédio, ameaça, desrespeito, preconceito, autoritarismo devido à instabilidade do vínculo; estavam subordinados também a condições inadequadas ao desenvolvimento de suas atividades, como ambiente empoeirado, mal iluminado e sem ventilação, com estrutura precária e antiga, além da carência de materiais em boas condições e/ou da utilização de equipamentos inapropriados para tal. Assim, pôde-se perceber que na atividade dos sujeitos pesquisados vários empecilhos são impostos a sua ação, porém, através de um modelo de gestão participativo, eles encontraram as possibilidades de desenvolvimento do poder de agir e da construção da saúde, fortalecendo o coletivo profissional, que passou a reconhecer-se enquanto grupo, ao discutir e debater as dificuldades e sugestões possíveis para realização de um trabalho bem feito. Observou-se, ainda, através da participação ativa dos trabalhadores nas mudanças empreendidas no setor investigado, melhorias tais como redefinição das atribuições e tarefas de cada trabalhador, dinamização e maior fluidez dos processos de trabalho, realização de reuniões sistemáticas com a participação e envolvimento de todos os profissionais do setor, ouvindo-se as sugestões e questionando-se coletivamente as problemáticas em pauta.

Sammanfattning Denna studie avser att undersöka ungdomars sexuella handlingsutrymme. Syftet är att studera om det sexuella handlingsutrymmet uppfattas olika när det gäller ungdomar med, respektive utan, en lindrig intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. I analysen har särskild hänsyn tagits till tre bakgrundsfaktorer; ungdomars kön, föräldrars födelseland samt föräldrars religiositet. Definitionen av det sexuella handlingsutrymmet bygger på den unges uppfattning om vårdnadshavarens restriktioner gentemot den unge inom fyra områden; restriktioner i skolan och på fritiden, begränsningar i heterosexuella föräktenskapliga relationer, begränsningar i val av framtida äktenskapspartner samt begränsningar i sexuella relationer innan äktenskap. Studien bygger på en sekundäranalys av kvantitativt datamaterial hämtat från två tidigare studier, Schlytter m.fl. (2009) samt Davidian m.fl. (2012). Det sammanslagna datamaterialet består av 2576 respondenter från årskurs nio i Stockholms stad samt från det nationella programmet på gymnasiesärskolor i Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö och Uppsala. Frågor som i datamaterialet berör restriktioner i skolan och på fritiden, begränsningar i heterosexuella föräktenskapliga relationer, begränsningar i val av framtida äktenskapspartner samt begränsningar i sexuella relationer innan äktenskap har bearbetats. Analysen av materialet har gjorts utifrån tidigare forskning samt teorin om socialkonstruktivism där respektabilitet, sexuella script samt det romantiska kärlekskomplexet och kärleksideologin varit framträdande begrepp/teorier. Studien visar tre huvudsakliga resultat. För det första att ungdomar med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning uppfattar större begräsningar när det gäller sexuella relationer innan äktenskap än vad ungdomar utan en intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. För det andra att ungdomar utan intellektuell funktionsnedsättning uppfattar större begränsningar i valet av sin framtida äktenskapspartner. Slutligen indikerar resultatet att när hänsyn tas till om ungdomar har föräldrar med hög religiositet, eller två utlandsfödda föräldrar, så är skillnaderna mellan ungdomar med och utan intellektuell funktionsnedsättning små. / Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate adolescents’ understandings of opportunities to enact their sexuality both when a mild intellectual disability is present, and is not. In addressing the aim, three background factors have been taken into consideration; gender, parents country of birth and parents religiosity. In determining adolescents understanding of opportunities to enact their sexuality, the study looked at four outcomes; restrictions on schooling and leisure time, the restriction of heterosexual relations before marriage, restrictions in the choice of future husband or wife and restrictions in sexual relations before marriage. The study is based on quantitative data from two previous studies; Schlytter et.al. (2009) and Davidian et.al. (2012). The database contains 2576 respondents from the ninth grade in Stockholm and from the national programs in secondary special school in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmo and Uppsala. Variables that handles restrictions in school and on leisure time, restriction in heterosexual relation before marriage, restrictions in the choice of future husband or wife and restriction in sexual relations before marriage has been processed. The results of the study is analysed based on the theory of social constructivism where respectability, sexual script and romantic love and love ideology has been prominent. The study has three major findings. Firstly, adolescents with a mild intellectual disability experience restrictions in sexual relations before marriage more frequently than adolescents without an intellectual disability. Secondly, adolescents without an intellectual disability experience more limitations concerning the ability too freely choose a future husband or wife by themselves in comparison to adolescents with an intellectual disability. Lastly, the results indicate that the difference between adolescents with or without an intellectual disability and ‘room to act’ in relation to sexuality are small when the adolescents’ parents are born outside of Sweden or are considered by the adolescent to be very religious.

Authorised Representatives of an Entrepreneur The purpose of my thesis was to analyse the authorised representatives of an entrepreneur. I mostly focused on the authorised representatives of companies, as companies are the most common entrepreneurs. The main aim of the thesis was to define the term statutory limitations of an authorized representative's competence to act on behalf the company, find its examples in the Czech Commercial Code and analyse the consequences of not following those limitations. The thesis is composed of seven chapters. Chapter One is introductory; it defines the term authorised representative, compares it with a proxy and analyses the problem of individual or collective character of an authorised representative. Chapter Two offers a brief comparison of authorised representatives in personal and stock corporations. Chapter Three introduces other entrepreneurs than companies. Chapter Four describes the requirements that each person has to fulfill in order to become an authorised representative. Chapter Five is the most important part of the thesis. In concentrates on the areas of competence of companies' authorised representative: the competence inside the company - management of a company, and the competence outside the company - the authorisation to act on behalf of the...

Cette thèse est consacrée à la question du don dans le milieu humanitaire, sous l'angle des donateurs particuliers rarement questionnés à ce sujet. Les ONG ont de plus en plus de visibilité et utilisent, entre autre, les émotions pour inciter aux dons. Cependant puisque le sujet du don est étudié (comme par l'anthropologue Marcel Mauss, principalement), il convient de s'appuyer sur les analyses correspondant à cette thématique, tout en s'intéressant à une ONG française de Solidarité Internationale (Aide et Action) dont le principal domaine d'intervention est l'éducation et qui a mis en place le parrainage. L'organisation intervient dans différents pays pour venir en aide à des personnes vulnérables, notamment des enfants, ce via différentes actions basées sur le développement à long terme. Dans ce travail, il s'agit surtout de comprendre pourquoi les donateurs particuliers de cette ONG, à la fois les donateurs hebdomadaires ou trimestriels et ceux dénommés «parrains», donnent de l'argent. Le terrain s'est effectué par le biais de deux questionnaires, un pour chaque type de donateur, où furent posées des questions concernant, particulièrement, la manière dont l'ONG communique auprès des donateurs, les incitant par-là à poursuivre leur investissement. Par la suite, des entretiens ont permis de renforcer les données apportées par les questionnaires. / This thesis is devoted to the issue of donation in the humanitarian sector, from the perspective of individual donors who are rarely questioned about this subject. NGOs are increasingly present in the public eye and use, among other strategies, emotions to incite people to donate. However, since the theme of the gift has been studied (for example, by the anthropologist Marcel Mauss, mainly), we should be based on the analysis related to this theme and also focus on a French NGO ("Aide et Action") whose main sphere of action relates to education and has established the sponsorship. The organization operates in different countries in order to help vulnerable people, including children, through various actions based on long-term development. In this work, it is mainly to understand why do individual donors of this NGO, both weekly and quarterly and those referred to as "sponsors", give money. The fieldwork has been carried out through two questionnaires, one for each type of donors, in which questions were asked, in particular, about how the NGO communicates with donors, prompting thereby to continue their investment. Subsequently, interviews have strengthened data provided by the questionnaires.

nÃo hà / A investigaÃÃo aqui apresentada analisou como o trabalho repercute na saÃde dos profissionais com vÃnculo terceirizado que atuam na Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC). A pesquisa fundamenta-se na ClÃnica da Atividade e situa-se no campo da SaÃde do Trabalhador; baseia-se na epistemologia qualitativa e desenvolveu-se como um estudo de caso derivado de intervenÃÃo efetivada no Almoxarifado Central da UFC. Todo o material produzido na intervenÃÃo foi utilizado para a construÃÃo do corpus pertinente ao caso analisado. Tal delineamento corrobora a perspectiva teÃrica mencionada para a qual, primeiro, realiza-se a intervenÃÃo para, em seguida, dar-se inÃcio à pesquisa. Assume-se que cada um desses momentos tem temporalidades e objetos diferentes, guardando uma relaÃÃo de mÃtua independÃncia. A intervenÃÃo compreendeu trÃs etapas: 1) formaÃÃo do grupo de anÃlise, no qual foram realizadas observaÃÃes, entrevistas, anÃlises documentais e filmagens; 2) autoconfrontaÃÃes simples e/ou cruzadas, durante as quais os trabalhadores foram confrontados com o registro audiovisual de suas atividades; e 3) retorno ao grupo inicial. A metodologia da pesquisa se deu a partir da videografia. Para anÃlise dos dados, utilizou-se a anÃlise de conteÃdo construtiva-interpretativa de GonzÃlez Rey. Adotou-se como unidade de anÃlise a atividade triplamente dirigida (para o objeto, pelo sujeito e para o outro). Considera-se a pertinÃncia do estudo, uma vez que nos encontramos num contexto marcado por retrocessos no mundo laboral, em que prÃticas arcaicas de gestÃo e controle da mÃo de obra e da produÃÃo coexistem com tendÃncias âinovadorasâ que vulnerabilizam a classe trabalhadora, representando uma ameaÃa ao trabalho em seu carÃter ontolÃgico e aos direitos dos trabalhadores. Objetiva-se que a pesquisa contribua para formulaÃÃo de aÃÃes voltadas à saÃde do trabalhador e ao desenvolvimento do seu poder de agir, bem como desnude as vulnerabilidades a que estÃo submetidos os trabalhadores que possuem vÃnculos laborais precÃrios. Desta forma, em relaÃÃo Ãs condiÃÃes de trabalho, percebeu-se que os trabalhadores com vÃnculo terceirizado estÃo mais sujeitos a situaÃÃes de vulnerabilidade, e seu universo de trabalho à permeado por situaÃÃes de risco à saÃde e à seguranÃa. Constatou-se ainda estarem eles mais suscetÃveis a situaÃÃes de assÃdio, ameaÃa, desrespeito, preconceito, autoritarismo devido à instabilidade do vÃnculo; estavam subordinados tambÃm a condiÃÃes inadequadas ao desenvolvimento de suas atividades, como ambiente empoeirado, mal iluminado e sem ventilaÃÃo, com estrutura precÃria e antiga, alÃm da carÃncia de materiais em boas condiÃÃes e/ou da utilizaÃÃo de equipamentos inapropriados para tal. Assim, pÃde-se perceber que na atividade dos sujeitos pesquisados vÃrios empecilhos sÃo impostos a sua aÃÃo, porÃm, atravÃs de um modelo de gestÃo participativo, eles encontraram as possibilidades de desenvolvimento do poder de agir e da construÃÃo da saÃde, fortalecendo o coletivo profissional, que passou a reconhecer-se enquanto grupo, ao discutir e debater as dificuldades e sugestÃes possÃveis para realizaÃÃo de um trabalho bem feito. Observou-se, ainda, atravÃs da participaÃÃo ativa dos trabalhadores nas mudanÃas empreendidas no setor investigado, melhorias tais como redefiniÃÃo das atribuiÃÃes e tarefas de cada trabalhador, dinamizaÃÃo e maior fluidez dos processos de trabalho, realizaÃÃo de reuniÃes sistemÃticas com a participaÃÃo e envolvimento de todos os profissionais do setor, ouvindo-se as sugestÃes e questionando-se coletivamente as problemÃticas em pauta. / The research presented here analyzed how the work affects the health of outsourced professionals working at the Federal University of Cearà (UFC). The research, based on the Clinic of Activity and located in the field of Workerâs Health, is based on qualitative epistemology and developed as a case study derived from intervention carried out in the UFC Central Warehouse. All the material produced in the intervention was used for the construction of the corpus pertaining to the case analyzed. Such a design corroborates the theoretical perspective mentioned for which the intervention is first performed, and then the research is started. It is acknowledged that each of these moments has different temporalities and objects, keeping a relation of mutual independence. The intervention comprised three stages: 1) formation of the analysis group, in which observations, interviews, documentary analyzes and filming were performed; 2) simple and/or cross self-confrontations, during which the workers were confronted with the audiovisual record of their activities; and 3) return to the initial group. The research methodology came from the videography method. To analyze the data, we used the constructive-interpretative content analysis of GonzÃlez Rey. The triple-directed activity (for the object, for the subject and for the other) was adopted as the unit of analysis. The relevance of the study is considered, since we are in a context marked by setbacks in the world of work, where archaic practices of management and control of labor and production coexist with âinnovativeâ tendencies that weaken the working class, representing a threat to work on its ontological character and to workersâ rights. It is intended that the research contributes to the formulation of actions aimed at workersâ health and development of their power to act, as well as undressing the vulnerabilities to which workers with precarious employment ties are subjected. Thus, regarding the working conditions, it was perceived that workers with outsourced links are more subject to situations of vulnerability, and their work surrounding is permeated by situations of risk to their health and safety. It was noted that these professionals were more susceptible to situations of harassment, threat, disrespect, prejudice, authoritarianism due to the instability of the work bond; moreover they underwent inadequate conditions for the development of their activities, such as dusty, poorly lit and unventilated environment, with a precarious and old structure, as well as the lack of materials in good conditions and/or the use of inappropriate ones. Thus, it was observed that in the activity of the subjects studied several obstacles are imposed on their action, but through a model of participatory management they found the possibilities of developing their power to act and build health, strengthening the professional group that could recognize themselves as a group when discussing and debating the difficulties and possible suggestions for doing a job well done. It was also observed through the active participation of workers in the changes undertaken in the researched sector improvements such as redefining the duties and tasks of each worker, improvements in work processes to become more fluid and dynamic, holding systematic meetings with the participation and involvement of all professionals in the sector, listening to the suggestions and collectively questioning the issues at hand.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 (Diego Vilhena.pdf: 818679 bytes, checksum: ba5d698980d4083e7c8aafe7f589db31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-06 / The public civil action stands out as an essential and important way to the transindividual law defense, not only for proposing the defense of this particular class of rights, but also for bringing innovation to the traditional lawsuit thought. Among the innovations, two are showed as essential: the enlargement of the judged thing boundaries and, mainly, the change in the legitimacy systematic to act. This last one was very relevant to the access to the transindividual conflict justice, which started having the possibility of being hold by civil associations. Besides both of them, the Ministério Público (kind of district attorney) and the Public Administration (direct and indirect) are legitimated to the proposal of the public civil action, however the associations, for presenting themselves as a longa manus of the society, would be very important for the citizen participation in the power, through the jurisdictional activity. / A ação civil pública destaca-se como um instrumento de fundamental importância para a defesa de direitos transindividuais, não só por proporcionar a defesa dessa classe particular de direitos, mas por trazer inovações ao pensamento processual tradicional. Dentre as inovações, duas aparecem como fundamentais: a ampliação dos limites da coisa julgada e, principalmente, a mudança na sistemática da legitimação para agir. Essa última foi de grande relevância para o acesso à justiça dos conflitos transindividuais, os quais passaram a ter a possibilidade de serem defendidos por associações civis. Além delas, o Ministério Público e a Administração Pública (direta e indireta) estão legitimados para a propositura da ação civil pública, porém as associações, por apresentarem-se como uma longa manus da sociedade, seriam um ente muito importante para a participação do cidadão no poder, por meio da atividade jurisdicional.

OF DIPLOMA THESIS An impact of incapacitation of a limited company upon legal theory and practice Author: Josef Kříž Supervisor: JUDr. Petr Čech, LL.M, Ph.D. Department: Department of Commercial Law The main purpose of my thesis was to analyse the significant change in the concept of limited company, i.e. old-new concept of the members of statutory body as agents of the company. However, I conceived a thesis more generally as analysis of the question of whether the New Civil Code and the Business Corporations Act incapacitated limited company or not. The thesis is divided into five main chapters, including an introduction and a conclusion. In the second chapter I try to reconstruct legal thinking of First Czechoslovak Republic on this issue, because its reference by the New Civil Code. Although views on the status of a statutory body of legal persons and the legal capacity of a legal person were different, I came to the conclusion that there was more or less consensus that members of statutory body are agents of legal persons. Regarding the legal capacity of a legal person, then it can be concluded that the doctrine of the First Czechoslovak Republic concluded either that the legal person is a person incompetent, or that the legal capacity is not by definition characteristic of legal person. In the...

Board of Directors of a joint-stock company and position of its members Board of Directors of a joint-stock company is a body whose powers can be divided in two major fields of activity. The first one is called business management and involves organization and conducting of business within the company. The second one includes the right to act on behalf of the company in relations to third parties. The aim of my thesis is to analyze issues related to the so called "concurrence of duties" which has recently become very relevant and there is still no generally accepted solution. Concurrence of duties can be defined as a situation, where a member of the Board of Directors performs, besides his duties, other duties for the company (different from his duties of a member of the Board of Directors) as an employee of the company. These concurrent duties are based on different legal rules, so e.g. the respective liability for damage in connection to the performance of such duties, possibilities of termination of the legal relationship between such person and the company or tax and insurance payment conditions are regulated differently. The problem is that it is unclear how such person is to be considered - whether he/she is a member of the Board of Directors or an employee. I tried to analyze the current...

Dans cette thèse nous cherchons à analyser l'évolution des pratiques et des discours féministes au Maroc, pendant les différentes phases, ayant été du point de vue historique et politique, à l'origine d'une conscience de« genre». Le moment, qui précède la proclamation de l'Indépendance enregistre une transition vers la modernité. Les Marocaines contribuant à l'Indépendance redéfinissent une nouvelle identité des femmes au sein de la société marocaine. L'accès massif des femmes à l'instruction dès l'Indépendance sera à l'origine d'affirmation citoyenne féminine. Les femmes s'allient aux hommes pour la construction démocratique de l’État et pour la lutte contre l'autoritarisme étatique. Ce féminisme, accouché par une pensée de gauche s'institutionnalise et crée des nouvelles formes de luttes démocratiques. L'islam politique, et l'apparition de nouveaux espaces de socialisation numériques et mondialisées font émerger d'autres formes de lutte et de discours retraçant ainsi de nouvelles identités du féminisme marocain. / In this work we analyze tue evolution' of feminist practices and dlscourses in their different historicalsequences in Morocco. This has been the start of a turning point in the historical and political birthof a« gender »'s awareness. The moment before the lndependence was a transition to modernity.Moroccans who·fought for the lndependenoe contributed to ·another definition of women's identityin the Moroccan society. Mass instruction of morrocan women since the lndependence was at theorigin of an affirmation of a feminist citizenship. Women became men's allies for the building of ademocratic state, with a strong will to enter modernity and to work together for lt. They joined tomen in the fight against state's authoritarianism. This feminism, produced by a left wing's thought,has been institutionalized and created new types of democratic fights. The development of politicallslam and the increasing number of new social spaces of numerical and global socializations bringto the foreground other types of fights and discourses, paving the ways for rebuilding identities ofthe morrocan feminism.