Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Gomes de Almeida Garzon.pdf: 698751 bytes, checksum: dc24488fdb66c5ba72009523ae523a5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-09 / This master s degree dissertation refers to a possibility of human subjectivity constitution through violence, excessive pathos. According to the position of Fundamental Psychopathology, pathos constitutes the human, in the measure that psychism is a reply to the incidence of pathos. Research was conducted whereof the clipping of a clinical case, considering the possibility of the violence to constitute symptomatic expression of pathos, either for the repetition of the pathogenic scene or through the way of the symptom. Facing the unbearable character of pathos excessive by definition - the capacity of complex symbolic creation, to suture the mark of the trauma, could remain disengaged. The present research is destined to investigate the possibility of considering the repetition of the violence suffered for the subject as being a symptom of this subject, as well as investigating ahead on the nature of this symptom towards the given nature of pathos, excessively terrifying. The clinical case that motivates the present research offers subsidies to think the question. We cogitate if the patient, in the observed case, offers himself to violence as in a species of sacrifice, writing repeatedly in his body a pledge, order of recognition, petition and repetition that informs and certifies the impossibility to deal with the uncommon violence of pathos that reached him. His acts, that victimize himself in repeated situations of violence practiced by the other (Other), would configure the impossibility towards symptom? / A presente Dissertação de Mestrado diz respeito a uma possibilidade de constituição do sujeito diante da violência, pathos excessivo. Segundo a posição da Psicopatologia Fundamental, pathos constitui o sujeito, na medida em que o psiquismo é uma resposta à incidência do pathos. Pretendemos investigar, a partir do recorte de um caso clínico, a possibilidade da violência constituir expressão sintomática de pathos, seja pela repetição da cena patogênica ou pela via do sintoma. Diante do caráter inefável de pathos excessivo - a capacidade de simbolização complexa, a suturar a marca do trauma, poderia restar comprometida. A presente pesquisa destina-se a investigar a possibilidade de se considerar a repetição da violência sofrida pelo sujeito como sendo um sintoma deste sujeito, assim como investigar sobre a natureza deste sintoma diante da obviedade de pathos, excessivamente aterrador. O caso clínico que motiva a presente pesquisa oferece subsídios para pensarmos a questão. Cogitamos se o paciente, no caso observado, se oferece à violência como em uma espécie de sacrifício, escrevendo repetidamente em seu corpo um manifesto, pedido de reconhecimento, petição e repetição que informa e atesta sua impossibilidade de lidar com a violência descomunal do pathos que o atingiu. Seus atos, que o vitimam em repetidas situações de violência praticada pelo outro (Outro), configurariam o impossível do sintoma diante do excesso do excesso (excesso de pathos), do irrepresentável?

The mass-migration of refugees in the fall 2015 posed an immense humanitarian and logistical challenge: exhausted from their week-long journeys, refugees arrived in Vienna in need of care, shelter, food, medical aid, and onward transport. The refugee crisis was managed by an emerging polycentric and inter-sectoral collective of organizations. In this paper, we investigate how, during such a situation, leaders of these organizations made decisions in concert with each other and hence sustained the collective's capacity to act collectively. We ask: what was the logic of decision-making that orchestrated collective action during the crisis? In answering this question, we make the following contribution: departing from March's logics of consequences and appropriateness as well as Weick's work on sensemaking during crisis, we introduce an alternative logic that informed decision-making: the logic of tact. With this concept we (a) offer a better understanding of how managers make decisions under the condition of bounded rationality and the simultaneous transgression of their institutional identity in situations of crisis; and we (b) show that in decision-making under duress cognition is neither ahead of action, nor is action ahead of cognition; rather, tact explicates the rapid switching between cognition and action, orchestrating decision-making through this interplay.

Der vorliegende Text befasst sich heuristisch mit der Frage der Integration des Entfremdungsbegriffs der Kritischen Theorie in die Subjektwissenschaft, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der subjektwissenschaftlichen Lerntheorie Klaus Holzkamps als Vertreter der Kritischen Psychologie. Ausgangspunkt ist die aus meiner Auseinandersetzung mit beiden Theorien entstandene Hypothese, dass (aus guten Gründen) der Begriff der Entfremdung in der Subjektwissenschaft gemieden, aber nicht durch ein anderes, kompatibles Konzept ersetzt wurde, dass die in der Entfremdung gefassten Dimensionen fassen könnte. Dies eröffnet auch die Frage, ob der Entfremdungsbegriff in einer Weise rekonstruiert werden kann, dass er für die Subjektwissenschaft anknüpffähig ist. Die Arbeit ist eine kategoriale und damit theoretisch-wissenschaftliche; sie betrifft aber in ihrem Bezug zu unserer Handlungsfähigkeit als gesellschaftliche Subjekte direkt Themen gesellschaftlicher (Selbst-)Organisation, in der Annahme, dass Theorie eine Bedeutung für die politische, pädagogische und andere Praxis hat und dass sie jene Erklärungsmuster bildet, mit denen wir für uns begründen, was warum passiert – und was deshalb getan werden muss. Wie Entfremdung in der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft funktioniert, in der Familie, in der Schule, auf der Arbeit, in Werbung und Fernsehen, das hat die Kritische Theorie in Anknüpfung an marxistische sozio-ökonomische Analysen umfassend analysiert. Den ersten Vertretern der Kritischen Theorie ging es bei der Ausarbeitung des Phänomens der Entfremdung um die Antwort auf die Frage, warum es weder in den 1920ern und Anfang der 30er Jahre noch nach dem NS-Faschismus eine Revolution gab. Beim Lesen vor allem der späten Texte von Adorno und Marcuse vermittelt sich eine relative Hoffnungslosigkeit; die kapitalistische Ideologie habe sich im Zuge der Vergesellschaftung so in den Köpfen zementiert, dass ein In-Frage-stellen des Status quo kaum möglich sei. Für eine emanzipatorische pädagogische oder politische Praxis sind diese Schlussfolgerungen enttäuschend, weil sie eine kritische Analyse der Gesellschaft liefert, dem Subjekt aber die Handlungsfähigkeit zur grundlegenden Veränderung seiner Lebensbedingungen weitgehend abspricht. Ein weiteres Problem liegt im Konzept der Entfremdung selbst, da von den Wissenschaftler_innen bestimmt wird, wer entfremdet ist und wer nicht. Die Menschen können (beispielsweise nach Marcuse) gerade aufgrund ihrer fortgeschrittenen Entfremdung dieser nicht mehr selbst gewahr werden. Die Kritische Psychologie im Gegensatz dazu setzt handlungsfähige Subjekte, die "nicht im Kapitalismus wie in einem Käfig" sitzen (Holzkamp 1984b). Dies begründet sich im subjektwissenschaftlichen Zugang der Erklärung menschlichen Handelns, das heißt der Einnahme des Subjektstandpunkts zur Erforschung desselben im Rahmen begründungstheoretischer Diskursmodelle. / The paper on hand deals with the question whether it is possible to integrate the concept of Alienation, as outlined by Adorno, Marcuse etc. as one of the key concepts of Critical Theory, into the theoretical framework of Critical Psychologie (Subjektwissenschaft), while especially focussing on the learning theory of Klaus Holzkamp, one of the main representatives of Critical Psychology.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka varför människor ingriper i farligasituationer. För att bemöta syftet har 11 respondenter med ingriparerfarenheter frånfarliga situationer intervjuats. Det är respondenternas tankar om varför de ingripit sompresenteras i denna studie. Det inspelade intervjumaterialet har transkriberats ochanalyserats utifrån en induktiv tematisk metod. Ur analysen framträdde sexhuvudteman som påverkat respondenterna att ingripa: Instinkt, Erfarenhet, Moral,Empati, Medvetande och Disinhibering. Dessa huvudteman kunde sedansammanfattas i ett kärntema: Handlingsberedskap. Denna Handlingsberedskap kanses som den mest gemensamma förklaringen till varför respondenterna ingripit.Sammantaget visar resultatet på att respondenterna ingripit utifrån olika huvudteman,men att samtliga respondenter besuttit Handlingsberedskap. Det verkar som attHandlingsberedskap är en förutsättning för ingripande. / The purpose of this study was to investigate why people intervene in dangeroussituations. To answer this purpose, 11 respondents with intervening experiences fromdangerous situations were interviewed. The respondents’ thoughts about why theyintervened are presented. The recorded interviews were transcribed and analysedthrough an inductive thematic approach. From the analysis, the following six mainthemes appeared: Instinct, Experience, Moral, Empathy, Consciousness andDisinhibition. The main themes are explanations to why the respondents intervened.These main themes where then summarized into a core theme: Readiness to act. ThisReadiness to act can be considered as the single nearest explanation to why therespondents intervened. In sum, the result shows that, even though the respondentsintervened out of different main themes, they have all possessed the Readiness to act.It seems that Readiness to act is a prerequisite for intervention.

L’objectif de la recherche est l’interprétation de l’agir des dirigeants de PME face au développement durable. Alors, l’interprétation est considérée par cette recherche comme un processus dialectique entre l’explication et la compréhension. Pour expliquer l’agir, nous avons choisi la théorie des représentations sociale et pour le comprendre, nous avons opté pour la théorie de l’économie des grandeurs. La problématique de la recherche tâche d’analyser les liens entre représentations, agir et justifications du développement durable chez les dirigeants de riads maison d’hôtes à Marrakech. Les résultats obtenus montrent l’existence d’une cité écologique et confirment les difficultés du développement durable à se présenter comme ordre de justification de l’action. / The objective of the research is the interpretation of the action of SME managers in the face of sustainable development. Then, interpretation is considered by this research as a dialectical process between explanation and comprehension. To explain the action, we chose the theory of social representations and to understand it, we opted for the theory of the economy of quantities. The research problematic seeks to analyze the links between representation, action and the justification of sustainable development among the riads' leaders in Marrakech. The results obtained show the existence of an ecological city and confirms the difficulties of sustainable development to present itself as an order of justification of the action.

This thesis approaches the journeys and meetings I have had in the teaching. Part of subjectivity understanding produced from multiple heterogeneous components, social experience and their singular routes. Today, more than ever, subjectivity is convened to singularize itself. It is in this perspective of singling that this research enplanes. The analysis was done by lines of affection, which were treated as potency to act, not as feelings themselves, but based on speeches and writings fragments, when I approached my perception of what produces me in teaching, rubbing with what I experience in the daily of Farroupilha Federal Institute - Panambi campus, and the readings I have done. The research is sustained in the theoretical assumptions of Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and Baruch Espinosa, in particular in the concepts of arrangement, subjectivity, potency to act and meetings. The des/reterritorialization, lines of escape and the subjectivity out of the subject insert as folds in the research. In this cartographic confection, among authors and fragments, it was necessary to find a method that could sustain the intense anxieties that follow these moments of creation. Thus, the cartography allowed me to trace the intensive lines that gave rise to the concerns presented here. The care I had was to not fall into the representation of the subject who produces and who is produced on campus Panambi, but rather think of the arrangements that this space allows, because the individual only constitutes himself when broker. I highlight as one of the contributions of this study, the teaching when takes on new proportions, having the possibility to consider producing up teaching as a micropolitics found every step of the way, in a move that pulses, that intends and finds resonance in the creation, in the collective production, in the authorship, in the transversality of saying and listening, in the constitution of new senses to see in its vents, pipes that leaves the air circular with the outside, even at the risk of not always find good winds: this was my trip s script, this was my proposal. / Esta tese aborda os percursos e encontros que tenho tido na docência. Parte da compreensão da subjetividade produzida a partir de múltiplos componentes heterogêneos, da experiência social e seus percursos singulares. Hoje, mais do que nunca, a subjetividade é convocada a se singularizar. É nessa perspectiva de singularização que esta pesquisa se insere. A análise se deu pelas linhas de afeto, que foram tratadas como potência de agir, e não como sentimentos em si, com base em fragmentos de falas e escritas, quando abordei minha percepção em relação ao que me produz na docência, friccionando com o que vivencio no cotidiano do Instituto Federal Farroupilha campus Panambi, e as leituras que tenho realizado. A investigação encontra-se nos pressupostos teóricos de Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari e Baruch Espinosa, em especial nos conceitos de agenciamento, subjetividade, potência de agir e encontros. A des/reterritorialização, as linhas de fuga e a subjetividade fora do sujeito inserem-se como dobras na pesquisa. Nesta confecção cartográfica, entre os autores e os fragmentos, foi necessário buscar um método que pudesse sustentar as intensas ansiedades que sucedem esses momentos de criação. Assim, a cartografia me permitiu traçar as linhas intensivas que deram origem às inquietações aqui apresentadas. O cuidado que tive foi o de não cair na representação do sujeito que produz e que se produz no campus Panambi, mas, sim, pensar nos agenciamentos que esse espaço possibilita, pois o indivíduo só se constitui ao se agenciar. Destaco como uma das contribuições deste estudo a docência quando assume novos contornos, tendo a possibilidade de considerar o produzir-se docente como uma micropolítica encontrada a cada passo do percurso, em um movimento que pulsa, que tenciona e que encontra ressonância na criação, na produção coletiva, na autoria, na transversalidade do dizer e do escutar, na constituição de novos sentidos para nela enxergar respiradouros, tubulações que deixa o ar circular com o exterior, mesmo com o risco de nem sempre encontrar bons ventos: este foi meu roteiro de viagem, esta foi minha proposta.

The subject of this thesis is a comprehensive analysis of the specifics of the crime of failure to provide aid in the healthcare, committed especially by doctors. The thesis itself is systematically divided into six chapters. The first chapter deals generally with crime of failure to provide aid. This part deals with legislation in the past and today, in detail there are also analyzed two of Acta Reus of this crime with particular emphasis on the theory of action, causality acts and omissions and some theoretical difficulties associated with this concept. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the developmental stages, the possible concurrence with other crimes, the circumstances excluding illegality, extinction of criminal liability, criminal sanctions and their demise and the interpretation of certain terms. In the second chapter, I analyze in detail the problems of general and special duties to act, their sources and issues. I do not focus only on Czech regulation, I concentrate on theory as well. The third chapter discusses the specifics of criminal responsibility in healthcare with an emphasis on interpretation of the term lex artis medicinae, and also depicts the requirement that criminal liability should stand as a means of last instance, particularly in the area of healthcare, together with a...

Social services are a human treatment organization that exists in our society to promote people's living conditions and contribute to a higher quality of life. What society thinks and feels about social services as an institution is fundamental, in particular the attitudes, knowledge and trust of young people towards social services. Young people are our future and social problems evolve over time, so working with young people is crucial to how social services can adapt their work to these developments. A quantitative survey has been carried out using a questionnaire survey in which 126 young people in upper secondary school participated. The main result of the study showed that there are tendencies of negative attitudes, lack of knowledge and neutral to low trust. It also shows that mainly two of the mentioned factors play a role in young people's willingness to act.

Organizational learning causes organizational change. Different descriptive models have been proposed, but little research on variables influencing these processes has been done. Needs govern our behavior and motivate our acting. It has been shown that their identification and satisfaction effect value-creating and knowledge-intensive activities, such as innovation processes, strategy development, and product design. However, needs are usually implicitly anchored in organizations and people can hardly articulate them. Despite the fact that a focus on needs does not prescribe any concrete strategy, but extends opportunities to act, an initial consideration of needs often lacks. Consequently, their role as an influencing variable for organizational learning has not been investigated yet. Addressing this gap, this dissertation explores the nature of needs and how they can enhance organizational learning processes. It introduces a novel theory on needs for organizational practice which emphasizes the potential of a focus on needs. It argues why considering needs is beneficial for learning initiatives, such as vision or strategy development, in which various expectations which presumably emerge from shared needs have to be combined. Shared needs within a social system can trigger organizational learning and facilitate the design of new consensual satisfaction strategies (satisfiers). The theory allows for understanding the motivational forces of organizational learning and exploiting the postulated one-to-many relation between needs and satisfiers. Moreover, it points at influencing variables for the organizational transition from needs to need satisfaction and illustrates that by a knowledge perspective resulting in the concept of "need-based solution knowledge". This knowledge enables people to propose viable satisfiers in organizations. We introduce the methodological framework "Bewextra" that targets at the capacity to identify needs in organizations. It rests upon theories from various scientific fields and utilizes "learning from an envisioned future" as a core method. This enables to literally envision a desired future scenario in which all needs are intuitively fulfilled, and thereby allows for the creation of knowledge about needs. The research follows the action research paradigm which proposes a combinational interplay between rational and empirical research processes, in which various (qualitative) research methods are used. Besides theoretical considerations, the dissertation reports about four research projects in which the theories and methods were applied, reflected, and refined. More specifically, it presents how "Bewextra" was implemented and adjusted and demonstrates that a combination of conventional learning from the past and "learning from an envisioned future" enhances the outcome of organizational learning in various domains. Moreover, it investigates the differences between organizational strategies, that emerge with reference to needs, and strategies, that are developed without explicitly considering needs.

Avec l’adoption le 4 octobre 2011 par l’Assemblée nationale du Québec du projet de loi 89 intitulé «Loi modifiant la Loi sur la qualité de l’environnement afin d’en renforcer le respect», le législateur est venu renforcer le régime de droit pénal en augmentant la sévérité des peines pour les infractions à Loi sur la qualité de l’environnement. Il a aussi élargi les pouvoirs d’intervention du ministre en lien avec les autorisations qu’il émet. Cependant, la principale réforme apportée par le projet de loi 89 qui touche aux mécanismes même de protection de l’environnement, est la création de toute pièce d’un régime de sanctions dites administratives pécuniaires, parallèlement au régime de sanctions déjà existantes. La première interrogation, soulevée à l’égard des sanctions administratives pécuniaires, et la plus fondamentale, était celle de savoir si le contrevenant devait bénéficier des protections constitutionnelles énoncées à l’article 11 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, tel un inculpé face à une procédure pénale. Puisque nous concluons que ces sanctions relèvent uniquement du droit administratif, nous avons cherché à déterminer quel serait le contenu du devoir d’agir équitablement de l’Administration lors du processus d’émission et de contestation de la sanction administrative pécuniaire. / On October 4, 2011, the Quebec government passed a bill entitled: «An Act to amend the Environment Quality Act in order to reinforce compliance ». Among other amendments, said bill increased the severity of penal sanctions set forth in the Environment Quality Act and broadened the scope of the Government and the Minister’s powers regarding administrative authorizations. However, the major change introduced by the bill is the power for a designated person to impose monetary administrative penalties on persons and municipalities that fail to comply with the Act or the regulations, concurrently with the penal, administrative and civil remedies. The present work sets forth the issue of the legality of the new amendments with the following question: is the person facing a monetary administrative penalty charged with an offence and, therefore, could they raise the constitutional protection of section 11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as a person facing criminal or penal proceedings? Secondly, since we concluded that the monetary administrative penalty is an administrative sanction, how does the duty to act fairly translate during the imposition, review process and contestation before the Administrative Tribunal of Québec of the penalty?