Examining the period between 1958 (the inception of the Fifth Republic) and 1981 (election of François Mitterrand as President and Socialist parliamentary majority), my research sought to answer the question: why and how did grass-roots mobilisation in favour of citizen participation develop in two French cities, Grenoble and Toulouse? The thesis first develops a general conceptual framework within which to analyse each locality. It elaborates the notion that there existed two public action cycles in France. The first was a 'reform cycle' (1958-1968) which preceded, and was interrupted by, a more critical 'contention cycle' which developed post May 1968 (ending by about 1981); both were triggered by major political crises. The reform cycle was marked by a high level of extra-party organisation through clubs and educational associations, which attempted to change patterns of interaction between civil society and the political process. In contrast, the contention cycle that followed May 1968 was far more radical in its critique, range of themes, organisational structures and forms of action. In the case studies, I explore the contrasting experiences of Grenoble and Toulouse during the two cycles. We see how the development of powerful associative currents in Grenoble during the reform cycle facilitated the emergence in 1964 of a citizen action movement, the Groupe d'action municipale (GAM). The success of the GAM in coming to power in coalition with other parties of the non-Communist Left created a municipality determined to institute improved participationary practice. This commitment to new forms of democracy from within city hall meant that the contention cycle in Grenoble did not precipitate major pressure for fundamental change in local government structures. However, in Toulouse, the reform cycle had no comparable impact upon city politics or associative life in the 1960s. The local associative world was far more fragmented and unable to exert any substantial influence. The traditionalist Socialist administration and subsequently a centre-right, conservative municipality were then confronted with sustained grass-roots opposition in the aftermath of May 1968. What occurred in the city during the contention cycle was typical of patterns elsewhere in France. For close to a decade, a small core of associations, seeking a radical overhaul of municipal decision-making, consistently challenged city hall, using a mixture of diplomatic approaches and direct action techniques. I draw two central conclusions from my research, one empirical, the other conceptual. Firstly, evidence from both the national and local level indicates that associations played a key role in the public action cycles. This challenges the traditional view of France as having inherently weak associative structures. Secondly, my research questions the frequently made connection between a so-called 'new middle class' and innovative forms of political action, showing the term 'new middle class' to be misleading and inexact.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1863-1901) está presente no acervo do Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand (MASP) com onze obras que expõem diferentes momentos do percurso do artista, englobando mais de vinte anos de produção. A partir desse conjunto, o presente trabalho propõe a análise dessas obras, assim como as conjunturas de aquisição e de suas coleções anteriores à entrada no acervo do museu. Buscamos compreendê-las dentro do espaço do museu como objetos carregados de história, que permitem entender a obra e vida do artista, assim como as questões encadeadas pela trajetória dessas obras até o museu. / Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1863-1901) is present in the collection of the São Paulo Museum of Art Assis Chateaubriand (MASP) with eleven artworks that expose different moments of the artist\'s journey, encompassing more than twenty years of production. This research proposes to examine this set of artworks, as well as situations of acquisition and their previous collections at the entrance to the museum\'s collection, We seek to understand them within the museum space as historical objects, which allow us to understand the work and the artist\'s life, as well as issues posed by the trajectory of these works to the museum.

Le processus de mise en défense du bas Moyen Âge pose la question de l’évolution des communautés d’habitants du Toulousain. La compréhension des dynamiques de la défense nécessite une approche pluridisciplinaire fondée sur l’analyse des sources écrites, planimétriques, figurées et archéologiques. La richesse de la documentation met en lumière les rapports sociaux et l’organisation d’un groupe face au danger. Le phénomène des forts villageois a servi de support à une réflexion plus large sur les types et les formes de dispositifs défensifs. Une démarche comparative sur les structures interroge ainsi les modèles de fortifications et leur évolution. Au-delà de la dimension humaine et communautaire de la mise en défense, l’étude multi-scalaire éclaire les relations entre communauté et autorité seigneuriale, le rapport au territoire et l’interaction entre Toulouse et ses campagnes, mais aussi les réseaux de solidarité dans la protection d’un espace partagé. / The defence process in the late Middle Ages raises the question of evolution of communities inhabitanting in Toulouse area. Understanding the defensive dynamics requires a multidisciplinary approach based on the analysis of written, planimetric, iconographic and archaeological sources. The documentation’s precious contents highlight the social relationship and the organization of a group facing danger. The “forts villageois” phenomenon served a larger reflection about types and forms of defensive measures. A comparative approach on the structures questions fortifications models and their evolution. Beyond the human and community scope the multi-scale study points out the relationships between community and lord, the relation to the territory and the interaction between Toulouse and the surrounding villages, as well as the solidarity networks in a shared space protection.

Submitted by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-06-10T14:44:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_André Marinho de Oliveira.pdf: 817020 bytes, checksum: ecb72ce953134e0f66ee35184d03d982 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-06-10T16:42:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_André Marinho de Oliveira.pdf: 817020 bytes, checksum: ecb72ce953134e0f66ee35184d03d982 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-10T16:42:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_André Marinho de Oliveira.pdf: 817020 bytes, checksum: ecb72ce953134e0f66ee35184d03d982 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-09 / CAPES / Este trabalho se propõe a analisar a Primeira Cruzada sob a trajetória senhorial de Raimundo IV de Toulouse. As marcações temporais adotadas acompanham o sujeito histórico selecionado do nascimento (1041) a conquista de Jerusalém (1099); abordando o percurso das relações políticas que o levaram da conquista do título de “conde de Toulouse” até a participação como cruzado. Para que consigamos dissertar sobre a maioria dos pontos, estabelecemos um quadro comparativo com a condição senhorial no Ocidente do século XI, incluindo da formação dos territórios de domínio à ação como combatente no Oriente. No decorrer das análises das fontes, consigamos estabelecer comparações metodológicas nas atitudes políticas de Raimundo. Em meio a tantos aparatos político, nos propomos a encontrar a utilização da espiritualidade na justificação da conquista, a discussão da autoridade e do poder para as cruzadas, bem como a multiplicidade de políticas estabelecidas pela grande diversidade de senhores que participaram do evento. A bibliografia, para abarcar todas essas questões, varia de relatos clássicos a discussões mais recentes: buscamos relatar os pontos nodais do poder senhorial desde as discussões de Marc Bloch e George Duby, até as recentes abordagens de Thomas N. Bisson e Dominique Barthélemy. Tal perspectiva foi aplicada sobre o estudo da cruzada, propondo uma abordagem crítica de trabalhos como os de Steven Runciman e Christopher Tyerman, relatam os detalhes junto com as fontes de Raimundo d’Aguilers, cronista do conde de Toulouse e Foucher de Chartres, ambos cronistas participantes da cruzada. Essas fontes, e algumas outras estão no compilado e excelente trabalho comparativo de August C. Krey; cujas notas elucidativas também se incluem na bibliográfica, ainda que como parte da obra. / This work propounds to analyze the Crusades by the politic vision of Raymond of Toulouse. This temporal marks follow the historical subject, starting with born of Raymond IV (1041) and end up to of the First Crusade (1099); account his lifetime including both the conquer of title of earl of Toulouse and his participation as crusade. For we could relate about this points, we established a common point for most of lords and their domains formations. While we make the analyses of sources, we could methodological measure on the politic behavior of Raymond. In the midst of so many political apparatus, we propose to find the use of the spiritualized in the justification of the conquest, the discussion of authority and power for the Crusades, as well as the multiplicity of policies established by the great diversity of lords of which attended the event. The bibliography to encompass all these issues, ranging from classical texts with more recent discussions: report the nodal points of landlord range from discussions of Marc Bloch and George Duby and include the recent one Thomas N. Bisson and Dominique Barthelemy. Steven Runciman and Christopher Tyerman are also report the details with Raymond d’Aguilers, the chronicler of the count, and Foucher de Chartres, both members of the crusades. These Sources and some others are in the compilation work of August C. Krey whose elucidative notes are included in this work, despite inside the Krey work.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1863-1901) está presente no acervo do Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand (MASP) com onze obras que expõem diferentes momentos do percurso do artista, englobando mais de vinte anos de produção. A partir desse conjunto, o presente trabalho propõe a análise dessas obras, assim como as conjunturas de aquisição e de suas coleções anteriores à entrada no acervo do museu. Buscamos compreendê-las dentro do espaço do museu como objetos carregados de história, que permitem entender a obra e vida do artista, assim como as questões encadeadas pela trajetória dessas obras até o museu. / Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1863-1901) is present in the collection of the São Paulo Museum of Art Assis Chateaubriand (MASP) with eleven artworks that expose different moments of the artist\'s journey, encompassing more than twenty years of production. This research proposes to examine this set of artworks, as well as situations of acquisition and their previous collections at the entrance to the museum\'s collection, We seek to understand them within the museum space as historical objects, which allow us to understand the work and the artist\'s life, as well as issues posed by the trajectory of these works to the museum.

En 1751 fut fondée l’Académie royale de peinture, sculpture et architecture de Toulouse par lettres patentes royales. Dissoute par décret de la Convention le 8 août 1793, cette institution méconnue fut la seule académie d’art en province à bénéficier de cette distinction. Au siècle suivant, l’historien d’art Philippe de Chennevières-Pointel, militant pour la revalorisation des provinces, la présenta comme un modèle, par son dynamisme, en tant que garante et protectrice des arts régionaux face à l’action centralisatrice et stérilisante de l’Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture de Paris. S’appuyant sur un important corpus documentaire et graphique, pour l’essentiel inédit, cette étude propose un renouvellement complet des connaissances sur l’Académie toulousaine : ses origines, les détails de sa mise en place, le quotidien de ses enseignements, ses écueils et ses réussites. / The Royal Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture of Toulouse was founded in 1751 by royal letters patent. Until its termination by a Convention decree on 8th August 1793, it has been the only art academy outside Paris of that stature ever. In the 19th century, the French art historian Philippe de Chennevières-Pointel, an active advocate of provinces, presented it as a showcase of thriving guardian of regional arts that balanced the centralizing and inhibiting Paris' Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. Leveraging a rich corpus of documents and illustrations, most of them undescribed to this day, this study sheds a brand new light on the Toulouse Academy: its origins, the details of its rise, its daily teachings, its shortcomings and its achievements.

Dans les années 1789 à 1913, Toulouse connaît de nombreuses phases pour conserver ses monuments historiques. Les mesures prises visent soit l’institutionnalisation de l’administration du patrimoine soit la mise en valeur des monuments historiques en tant que patrimoine local. Dans cette « invention » s’engagent non seulement l’État et les autorités locales mais aussi les érudits locaux. Ces derniers jouent un rôle non négligeable depuis l’époque révolutionnaire dans la fondation du Musée de Toulouse (1793), l’organisation de ses collections et la conservation des monuments historiques. Considérée comme « seconde ville » de France ou d’Europe, Toulouse doit alors reprendre son essor dans le monde artistique à travers ses pratiques patrimoniales. Par ailleurs, dès lors de la mise en place d’un système national de conservation, la « cité palladienne » voit se créer la Société archéologique du Midi de la France (1831). Au XIXe siècle, les érudits toulousains conservent certains édifices historiques ou œuvres d’art pour la mémoire locale, face à un État, qui, avant du moins la loi de séparation des Églises et de l’État, privilégie uniquement ce qu’il juge être d’intérêt national. Parallèlement à l’institutionnalisation du patrimoine, les savants locaux publient des études ainsi que des ouvrages de vulgarisation et des guides touristiques afin de mettre en avant de moins en moins l’intérêt artistique universel des œuvres que la mémoire locale. Cette valorisation du patrimoine local est d’autant plus indissociable de la création de l’appellation de « ville rose », qui symbolise la particularité architecturale de Toulouse. / Toulouse had conserved its historical monuments between 1789 and 1913. The measures were devoted to the institutionalization and valorization of these monuments as local heritage. Not only the government and local authorities, but local scholars also committed themselves to this long project. These scholars had a significant role since the Revolutionary era in the foundation of the Museum of Toulouse (1793), organization of collections and conservation of historic monuments. Seen as the ‘second city’ of France or Europe, Toulouse should be known in the art world for its conservation practices. At the time of the organization of a national system of conservation of historical monuments, local scholars established the Archaeological Society of the South of France (1831). Their frequent conflicts with the government, local authorities and private owners of monuments started in the nineteenth century. But that situation did not prevent them from conserving some historic buildings, artworks and local memory, unlike the government, which intends to find national or universal interest in these monuments especially before the enactment of the law separating the Church and the State. With the progress of the institutionalization of cultural heritage, the valorization of local heritage reflected lesser universal interest in the art of Toulouse than local historic memory with local historic and art studies and their popular books and guides. It is even more inseparable from the birth of the idea of the ‘Rose City’, which symbolizes the characteristics of the architecture of Toulouse.

No description available.

La présente thèse a pour objet l’extension de la gestion des déplacements quotidiens à l’échelle des espaces périphériques et des régions urbaines. L’enjeu des déplacements se cristallise dans la gouvernabilité des métropoles, notamment devant : leurs fragmentations socioéconomique et politique, le processus de décentralisation et l’enchevêtrement de multiples échelons territoriaux, et enfin la présence de nombreuses structures intercommunales déployées dans les espaces issus de la périurbanisation. Après avoir rappelé l’intérêt d’une approche par la gouvernance, cette thèse aborde les différentes « formules », politiques comme techniques, pour répondre aux fragmentations dans le champ du transport public. L’élargissement des périmètres ou du moins l’adaptation du système de régulation par une coordination plus intégrée, apparaît localement nécessaire, voire indispensable, pour appréhender les enjeux de la mobilité quotidienne et notamment les déplacements d’échanges entre les secteurs périurbains et les agglomérations centrales. Cette thèse contribue à identifier l’administration territoriale des régions urbaines et l’institutionnalisation d’un acteur tiers, en l’occurrence l’acteur périurbain ; à questionner les projets routiers et leur capacité à répondre aux enjeux de la transition urbaine ; à réfléchir sur les cadres organisationnels du transport public et l’extension des périmètres d’action ; à éclairer sur les modes coopératifs entre les différents échelons territoriaux ; à illustrer les solutions techniques ; et enfin à envisager les déplacements dans leur rapport à la ville. / This study aimed to objective the extension of daily trips management on the scale of the peripheral areas and on the urban regions. The daily trip’s stakes are focused on the “governability” of metropolises, notably in front of: their divisions socioeconomic and politic, the process of decentralization and the tangle of multiple territorial levels, and finally the presence of various intermunicipal structures unfolded in outlying suburbs areas. Through of an approach by the “governance”, this study analyses different "expressions", political as technical, to answer divisions in the field of the public transportation. The enlargement of perimeters or at least the adaptation of the regulation system by a more integrated coordination, appears necessary, or still essential, to arrest stakes of daily trips between outlying suburbs areas and central agglomerations. This thesis contributes to identify the territorial administration of the urban areas and the institutionalization of a third actor, in this case the periurban actor ; to question road plans and their capacity to be answered stakes of urban transition; to think on the organizational frames of the public transportation and the perimeters extension; to give light on cooperative modes between the different territorial levels; to illustrate technical resolutions; and finally to envisage daily trips in their report in the city.

Mémoire d'étude DCB : Ecole nationale supérieure des sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques : 2002.