The European Green Deal 2020 goals for reducing emissions are enforcing rules on the energy performance of buildings. Therefore thermally insulating materials used as coatings are researched to reduce the energy emissions of buildings. An essential field of interest are nanomaterials. Traditional aerogel is a nanomaterial used for insulating applications due to its high porosity and large surface area, resulting in a longer path for heat to travel. However the cost and manufacturing process are highly energy demanding. Svenska Aerogel AB produces Quartzene® (Qz), a silica-based nanomaterial with similar properties as traditional aerogel. Qz can be incorporated into different paint systems to improve their thermal insulating properties. The aim of this project was to investigate the thermal insulating effects of Qz on three different painting systems (A, B, and C). Samples were moulded and their thermal properties were measured with TPS (Transient Plane Source). The thermal conductivity decreased as the wt% of Qz increased, up until around 10 wt% for system C. It became apparent that at higher wt%, it became harder to properly mix the samples into a good dispersion. The thermal conductivity started to increase above 10 wt%. Experiments showed that bigger particles were easier to mix into the paint than smaller.

Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att ta fram vilka leanprinciper och leanverktyg som passar en processindustri med målet att minska ledtiden. För att kunna genomföra studien har en jämförelse mellan teori och verklighet gjorts där hjälp tagits av Lesjöfors industrifjädrar AB. Utmärkande aspekter för företagets produktion är långa led- och omställningstider, produktion i batcher med stora partistorkekar samt tryckande tillverkning. Litteraturstudien omfattar fem principer och fem verktyg. För att identifiera nuläget har en värdeflödeskartläggning genomförts samt intervjuer med anställda på företaget. När teori kopplas med empiri har lämpliga principer och verktyg utifrån de studerade 10 valts ut. De principer som har identifierats som lämpliga för en processindustri är standardiserat arbetssätt, ständiga förbättringar, utjämnad produktion. De verkyg som utefter principerna identifierats som lämpliga är SMED, 5S samt värdeflödeskartläggning. Dessa har sedan används i en sammanfattning i form av ett TPS-hus, unikt för produktionen på Lesjöfors industrifjädrar AB. / The aim of this bachelor thesis has been to identify which lean principles and lean tools that would suit a process industry with the goal of reducing lead times. In order to complete the study, a comparison between theory and reality has been made where assistance has been provided by Lesjöfors industrifjädrar AB. Key aspects of the company's production include long lead times and set up times, production in batches with large lots and push production. The literature study comprises five principles and five tools. To identify the current situation, a value stream mapping has been conducted and interviews with employees at the company. When theory is linked with empirical studies, suitable principles and tools based on the selected 10 have been chosen. These have then been used in a summary in the form of a TPS-house, unique to the production at Lesjöfors industrifjädrar AB.

Syftet med denna rapport är att kartlägga Scania Production System (SPS), hur det motiverades och implementerades inom Scanias organisation samt dra kopplingar mellan tidigare reformer och SPS. Vi vill ta reda på hur Scania lyckats skapa ett eget skräddarsytt produktionssystem som visat sig vara så framgångsrikt och hur detta infördes inom hela organisationen. SPS är ett resultat av Toyota och deras Toyota Production System (TPS) efter ett nära samarbete mellan Scania och Toyota sedan början av nittiotalet. Scanias värderingar, principer och prioriteringar beskrivs av SPS och har visat sig vara en av företagets konkurrensfördelar genom ökad effektivitet samt produktivitet inom produktionen. TPS fick mycket av sin inspiration av de tidigare reformerna Taylorismen och Fordismen ur rationaliseringsrörelsen. Detta genom Taylors idéer om standardisering och Fords löpandebands-princip. Toyota var även bland dem första att utforma och tillämpa de logistiska reformerna Total Quality Management, Lean Production och Just-In-Time i sitt produktionssystem. Reformer som används och är välkända inom många företag inte minst Scania och SPS. Rapporten uppfyllde sitt syfte genom intervjuer och analys av konceptlitteratur för att kunna konstatera att det finns en röd tråd inom företaget och att det finns en tydlig koppling mellan SPS och tidigare reformer. Avslutningsvis lyckades vi även analysera och dra slutsatser om hur SPS utformades, motiverades och implementerades. Utformningen av SPS gick till genom ett nära samarbete mellan ledningar på Scania och Toyota vilken Scania på så sätt kunnat ta inspiration ifrån och kunnat anpassa systemet efter Scanias kultur. Hur sedan SPS motiverades och implanterades föregick i en ledningsprocess som Scania tillämpade inom organisationen. Lösningen kom att bli avgörande för framtiden, ledarskapet. Man tillämpade ett nytt tankesätt genom hela verksamheten vilket har visat sig vara framgångsrikt. / The purpose of this report is to map the Scania Production System (SPS), how it was motivated and implemented within Scania's organization, as well as linking previous reforms with SPS. We want to find out how Scania managed to create its own customized production system that proved being successful and how it was introduced throughout the organization. SPS is a result of Toyota and their Toyota Production System (TPS) following a close collaboration between Scania and Toyota since the early 1990s. Scania's values, principles and priorities are described by SPS and have proven to be one of the company's competitive advantages through increased efficiency and productivity in production. TPS received much inspiration from the earlier reforms of Taylorism and Fordism from the rationalization movement. This through Taylor's ideas about standardization and Ford's running band principle. Toyota was also one of the first to design and apply the logistics theory’s Total Quality Management, Lean Production and Just-In-Time in its production system. Reforms used and well known in many companies, not least Scania and SPS. The report fulfilled its purpose through interviews and analysis of conceptual literature to find that there is a red thread within the company and that there is a clear link between SPS and previous reforms. In conclusion, we also managed to analyse and draw conclusions about how the SPS was designed, motivated and implemented. The design of SPS was achieved through close collaboration between Scania and Toyota wires, which enabled Scania to inspire and adapt the system to Scania's culture. The way in which SPS was motivated and implanted preceded a management process that Scania applied to within the organization. The solution came to be decisive for the future, leadership. A new way of thinking was applied throughout the business, which has proved to be successful.

Purpose: The problem with the construction industry is inefficient material handling that creates waste in form of unnecessary activities that do not increase the value of the product. The construction industry is accused of production delays, exceedance of budget and difficulties in having a high quality. The aim is to find opportunities for improvements to make the material handling on a construction site at deliveries, material storage and material transports more efficient. Method: A qualitative case study of an organisation was carried out to achieve the aim of the report. The methods used in this study was unstructured observations, semi structured interviews and document analysis. Findings: A checklist for material handling based on the theories of Muda, 5S and JIT within Lean has been designed as an improvement and is intended to be used at a construction site. The checklist is based on the collected empirical study and consists of three parts, based on the issues of the study, which were deliveries, material storage and material transport. The purpose of the checklist is to improve the material handling at a construction site by identifying and eliminating wastes in terms of waiting, transport, storage and defects. Implications: By using the checklist, follow the delivery plan, improve the construction site plan and improve the contract between the suppliers and the company that have been concluded from the study result, waste in deliveries, material storage and material transport can be reduced. The recommendation is to follow the suggestions for improvement to make the material handling more efficient and reduce waste on a construction site. Limitations: The limitations that have been made in the study is to identify the wastes in the material handling moments that have been used in the study during the different material handling processes. The communication between workers, in what way the company plans their work activities, work environment and quality of work is not included in the study. / Syfte: Problemet i byggbranschen är ineffektiv materialhantering som skapar slöserier av resurser i form av onödiga aktiviteter som inte ökar värdet på slutprodukten. Byggnadssektorn anklagas för förseningar, budgetöverskridande och svårigheter att hålla en hög kvalitet. Målet är att hitta förbättringsmöjligheter för att effektivisera materialhantering på en byggarbetsplats vid leveransmottagning, materiallagring och materialförflyttning. Metod: För att uppnå studiens mål har en kvalitativ fallstudie av en organisation genomförts. De datainsamlingsmetoder som har använts är strukturerade observationer, semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokumentanalys. Resultat: En checklista för materialhantering baserad på teorierna Muda, 5S och JIT inom Lean har utformats som ett förbättringsförslag och är tänkt att användas på en byggarbetsplats. Checklistan är gjord utifrån studiens insamlade empiri och består av tre delar som utgår från studiens frågeställningar leveransmottagning, materiallagring och materialförflyttningen. Syftet med checklistan är att effektivisera materialhanteringen på en byggarbetsplats genom att identifiera och eliminera slöserierna i form av väntan, transport, lager och defekter. Konsekvenser: Genom att använda checklistan, följa leveransplanen, uppdatera APD-planen och förbättra kontraktet mellan leverantörer och företag som har framtagits i studiens resultat kan slöserier inom leveransmottagning, materiallagring och materialförflyttning minskas. Rekommendationerna blir att följa förbättringsförslagen för att effektivisera materialhanteringen och reducera slöserier på byggarbetsplatsen. Begränsningar: De avgränsningar som har gjorts i studien är att identifiera de valda slöserier inom Muda som behandlades i studien under olika materialhanteringsmoment. Kommunikationen mellan arbetarna, på vilket sätt företaget jobbar med att planera olika arbetsmoment, arbetsmiljö och arbetskvalitet ingår inte studien.

The master's thesis focuses on preparation of blown films from polylactid acid (PLA) which was blended with selected polyesteres – poly(butylene adipate-co-terephtalate) (PBAT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) – and thermoplastic starch (TPS) in amount of 30% in order to soften PLA films. The influence of the aditives on static and mechanical tensile properties, on structure, morphology and thermal properties of the films was determined and the obtained parameters were compared to properties of films prepared from neat PLA and high density polyethylene (HDPE). The results showed that the additives increased crystalinity of PLA and thus significantly influenced the properties of the films. In contrast to the film from neat PLA, softening in terms of lowering glass transition temperature occured only by adding PBS and TPS, in terms of increasing ductility only by adding PBAT. All PLA films showed nearly constant elastic modulus up to the beginning of glass transition enabling their potential application till 50 °C. Preparation of the film with TPS was problematic and the film showed the worst mechanical properties. Preparation of other films was without any problems. The most promising additive from the tested ones was PBAT which showed comparable mechanical properties as the film from HDPE.

This dissertation deals with analysis and follow-up suggestion of efficiency improvement on the production line in DAIKIN DEVICE CZECH REPUBLIC Ltd. Mentioned steps are performed with the help of production philosophy called Lean production or TPS (Toyota Production System) and production procedures like Just in Time, Jidoka and Kaizen. The target of this work is to find out and eliminate inefficiencies of manufacturing process, design an improvement project (saving cost, safeness, reduction of working positions etc.). Perform evaluation of this project and suggest testing procedure for follow-up improvement in the future.

Recently, there has been interest to integrate VMC++ into the commercial treatment planning system at VCU as another Monte Carlo code option, since it has been shown to increase efficiency dramatically without introducing a significant amount of systematic error. Also, independent validation of VMC++ for photon beams is of interest since this has not been performed previously in literature. This study included several tests required to integrate VMC++. Output factor normalization was performed and found to agree with experiment to within 1% for all field sizes except 1x1 cm2. Geometric validation was successful. Dosimetric validation was performed with respect to DOSXYZnrc on a water phantom, resulting in agreement within statistical uncertainty except for slight differences at the surface of the phantom. Dosimetric comparison was made for a head-and-neck patient case, showing that 5% of the voxels did not agree within 2.8% of maximum dose. The ability of VMC++ to compute dose-to-water was compared to an in-house algorithm and found to agree within statistical uncertainty.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

AJ Knowledge of the soft facial tissues is the basis of any craniofacial reconstruction. It is of a great importance mainly for forensic practice, but it plays an important role in other fields, for example aesthetic surgery. Defining the thickness of facial tissues for different sexes, age and ethnic groups is an important aspect of forensic anthropology. The thesis specialises in finding out the thickness of soft facial tissues in modern czech population, it takes into consideration the sex, age and assymetry. The main source of information are the CT scans of the heads of 46 adult women and 56 adult men of czech nationality ranging between ages 21 to 83. 80 landmarks are defined in each scan, therefore 40 linear measurements between corresponding points have been evaluated. Data were analysed using the PCA, Hotelling test, linear discrimination analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, MANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon paired test. Retrieved thicknesses of soft tissues will serve as the standards for the current czech population. Sexual dimorphism has been proven regarding the whole face, as well as both upper and lower parts of the face. The success of classification on the upper part of the face decresases significantly. Aging has been proven to have strong effect on the thickness of soft...