Project objectives are no longer being determined in terms of time, cost and quality only. Other factors such as employment creation, transfer of skills, use of small medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) and community empowerment now play a role in determining project objectives and success. Is project management, applied with the traditional building procurement system the best method to achieve these unique project objectives ? Some have argued that construction management, as a building procurement system, could be the most suitable method to use in the South African situation considering the unique project objectives described above. This research proposed to determine whether the use of construction management, as a building procurement system, can improve the attainment of client objectives in the South African construction industry. Based on the problem statement, the following hypothesis was formulated: "The use of construction management as a building procurement system on construction projects with a strong focus on the empowerment of previously disadvantaged individuals (PDIs) and affirmable business enterprises (ABEs) leads to an improved attainment of project / client objectives." It was further broken down as follows: * The choice of building procurement system does influence project success or failure. * Construction management can improve the attainment of client objectives on certain projects. * Construction management in South Africa has not been widely used and understood hence may have failed in its use thus far. * Construction management can be applied successfully on certain projects by following international best practices. The problem was resolved firstly through a literature survey, followed by an empirical survey. Respondents targeted for the empirical survey were clients or developers and project managers based in the following provinces: Gauteng, KwaZulu Natal and the Western Cape. Literature reviewed indicates that this procurement system leads to cost savings and shorter project duration, thereby resulting in improved client satisfaction levels. Furthermore, it can also be of benefit as it allows affirmative construction to take place. This may be of particular interest to public sector clients. Construction management has been widely used in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. In certain instances, it achieved good results, whereas in other instances the results were disastrous. Authors such as Kweku et al (1987) argue that this is due to poor implementation. In the light of this, it is important to note that this method has its shortcomings and can be poorly implemented resulting in unsuccessful projects. Ensuring that "recipes of success" identified herein are applied, can go a long way to ensuring that the system is properly applied and that favourable results are achieved. In theory, therefore, construction management can lead to more satisfied clients as it can achieve better results in terms of their objectives, when properly implemented. Based on literature reviewed and the empirical survey findings, it is concluded that the hypothesis is proven. Based on the literature review, empirical survey and conclusions reached, It is recommended that: q Private sector and public sector clients (such as the National Department of Public Works), consider the use of construction management as a building procurement system on some of their future projects, especially projects with a strong empowerment component. q Clients select suitably qualified and experienced individuals (such as construction project managers) and/or organisations (such as established building contractors) to perform construction management services on their projects. q Existing best construction management practices are applied on construction management projects. q Further research be undertaken on, inter alia, the role of the construction manager and the project manager on construction management projects, the development of emerging contractors on construction management projects and the development of guidelines for the implementation of construction management projects in South Africa. / Thesis (MSc (Project management))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Construction Economics / unrestricted

Si l’importance de la communication dans la prise en charge des patients en oncologie n’est plus à démontrer, elle n’en demeure pas moins une difficulté pour les soignants. Les soignants se retrouvent fréquemment confrontés à des contextes communicationnels complexes pour lesquels ils se sentent bien souvent démunis et insuffisamment formés. Des formations adaptées et spécifiques sont nécessaires afin d’assurer un changement durable des stratégies de communication utilisées par les soignants dans leur pratique clinique. Cette thèse vise à apporter une contribution à la formation des soignants à la communication en oncologie et à l’étude du transfert des compétences dans la pratique clinique. Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’analyse de deux contextes de communication différents :l’annonce de mauvaises nouvelles et la communication autour des traitements. Au travers de ces deux contextes, trois objectifs ont été poursuivis :(a) la modélisation d’un programme de formation adapté à un contexte de communication spécifique, (b) l’évaluation de l’efficacité de ce programme de formation ou l’évaluation du transfert des compétences apprises dans la pratique clinique et (c) l’évaluation de l’impact de ce programme de formation à la communication sur le patient (et sur le proche) simulé ou réel.Dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse, nous avons donc pu évaluer l’efficacité de deux formations à la communication spécifiquement développées pour ces deux contextes de communication. La formation à l’annonce de mauvaises nouvelles a permis une amélioration de la répartition du temps consacré à chaque phase du processus d’annonce ainsi que l’acquisition de stratégies de communication. Elle a également permis une augmentation de l’activation physiologique des médecins, reflétant un meilleur niveau d’engagement cognitif et émotionnel dans la tâche. Concernant la formation à la communication donnée en radiothérapie aux équipes multidisciplinaires, elle a permis le transfert des compétences acquises durant la formation dans la pratique clinique. Ces formations ont également montré un impact sur les patients et les proches réels ou simulés en permettant que les soignants leur laissent plus de place pour s’exprimer. La formation à la communication en radiothérapie a également montré un impact sur la satisfaction des patients. Ce travail de thèse souligne l’importance de développer des formations à la communication spécifiques aux différents contextes communicationnels ainsi que la nécessité de travailler à l’optimisation du transfert des compétences acquises durant ces formations dans la pratique clinique. / Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Les transferts de compétences et de savoir-faire (TC / TSF) dans les organisations revêtent un enjeu stratégique pour leur survie-développement et nécessitent donc une préparation minutieuse ainsi qu’un pilotage rigoureux afin d’apporter toute leur valeur ajoutée.La première partie explicite les fondements conceptuels et méthodologiques de la recherche et présente les terrains d’investigation et d’expérimentation de nos hypothèses et outils. Elle présente les enjeux liés aux transferts de compétences et de savoir-faire à partir de l’analyse des entretiens réalisés, des dysfonctionnements et de leurs coûts cachés de régulation. Nous étudions l’importance de la définition d’une politique de TC / TSF par la direction ainsi que les rôles et les pratiques des ressources humaines dans le pilotage des compétences et de leur transfert.Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions le rôle-clé détenu par le manager de proximité, de par sa position stratégique dans l’organisation et ses pratiques managériales, dans le pilotage et la mise en œuvre de la politique de transfert de savoir-faire, ainsi que dans le suivi et le développement des performances individuelles et collectives. Nous étudions aussi les impacts socio-économiques des actions de TC / TSF et du pilotage de ces actions par les managers de proximité. Enfin, nous proposons le concept de manager de proximité-développeur en nous appuyant sur les évolutions du management au cours du XXème siècle, sur le concept de formation intégrée et l’importance de la pédagogie. Nous proposons des outils de management pour permettre aux managers de proximité de mieux piloter les TC /TSF. / The transfer of skills and know-how (TS/TKH) in organizations are of strategic importance for their survival and development and therefore require careful and rigorous control to provide any added value preparation.The first explicit conceptual and methodological research foundations and has lots of investigation and experimentation of our assumptions and tools part . It presents the issues related to the transfer of skills and know-how from the analysis of interviews, dysfunctions and their hidden regulatory costs. We study the importance of the definition of a policy of TS / TKH by management and the roles and practices of human resource skills management and transfer.In the second part, we study the key role held by the manager of proximity, its strategic position in the organization and management practices in the management and implementation of the policy of transfer of know -how, as well as in the monitoring and development of individual and collective performance. We also study the socio -economic impacts of actions TS / TKH and control these actions by local managers. Finally, we propose the concept of proximity manager - developer relying on the evolution of management in the twentieth century, the concept of integrated training and the importance of education. We offer management tools to allow local managers to better manage the TS / TKH.

This thesis uses the lens of building technology to examine cultural exchange and its relationship to the building crafts. By focusing on masonry vaulting in India, my research brings together two worlds – one that shines light on the variety of innovative masonry shell construction techniques that exist in the county and another that seeks to evaluate the scope of tile vaulting, an over 600-year old Mediterranean building technique, within India’s evolving building crafts culture. This thesis is organized in three parts: PART ONE Tile Vaulting and Relevance Today | A Brief History of Masonry Shells in India Part one introduces tile vaulting’s unique principles compared to other vaulting traditions while contextualizing its relevance to present day India. A survey of varied masonry vaulting techniques and modules, endemic and imported, practiced across India is presented against the backdrop of what is a predominantly reinforced concrete-based construction industry. PART TWO Modules, Methods and Motivations The second part of this research comprises case studies that include some of India’s most iconic buildings such as the Villa Sarabhai by Le Corbusier, the National Institute of Design by Gautam Sarabhai and Sangath by B.V. Doshi, each of which employed innovative construction techniques for its vaults. The production and use of the enigmatic ceramic fuses in India is examined for the first time alongside their indigenous cousins: burnt clay tubes. Together with Muzaffarnagar vaulting, the case studies reveal cultural motivations for architectural expression and production in postcolonial India. PART THREE Prototypes | Comparatives | Limitations & Extension of Research Part three presents five tile vaulting prototypes in India constructed with local artisans to gain understanding of its cultural reception, assess effective transfer of skills and potential internalisation. Recommendations for tile vaulting’s potential uptake into mainstream architectural production is evaluated by comparing findings against prevalent building methods and by contextualizing current architectural trends and social policy. Limitations and scope for extension of research are also discussed.

Cette recherche porte sur l'évolution de l'administration locale en Roumanie et en France depuis ledébut des années 1990. L'étude de la situation de départ différente dans les deux pays a étépoursuivie par l'analyse des grandes étapes du développement du cadre juridique relatif auxcollectivités territoriales : l'avènement (en Roumanie) ou le renforcement (en France) du statutconstitutionnel des collectivités et l'évolution du cadre législatif opérant les transferts decompétences et de moyens en faveur des collectivités. Cette analyse a mis en évidence uneconception des réformes qui présente bien des similitudes, mais aussi une mise en oeuvre parfoisdifférente. Une évaluation du niveau de décentralisation atteint dans les deux pays a été entrepriseau regard des critères de la Charte européenne de l'autonomie locale. Elle a permis de relever lesavancées enregistrées par chaque pays et d'identifier les marges de progrès possibles. Au final, on apu constater qu'au-delà d'un contexte initial différent et des particularités de la carte administrative,au-delà d'une application différente des réformes, la Roumanie et la France montrent aujourd'hui undegré de décentralisation très comparable, globalement en cohérence avec les prescriptions de laCharte. / This research focuses on the evolution of the local government in Romania and France since thebeginning of the 1990s. The study of different initial conditions in both countries has been followedby the analysis of the major developmental stages of the legal framework concerning localauthorities : the relatively recent accession to (for Romania) or reinforcement of (in France) theconstitutional status of the communities and the evolution of the law corpus operating the transferof competencies and resources for local communities. This analysis revealed a conception ofreforms that has many similarities, but also some different implementation. An evaluation of thelevel of decentralization achieved in the two countries has been undertaken in the light of thecriteria of the European Charter of Local Self-Government. It identified the progress made by eachcountry, but also the opportunities for improvement. In the end, it was found that beyond an initialcontext and particularities of the administrative map, beyond the different application of reforms,Romania and France show today a very similar degree of decentralization, broadly consistent withthe requirements of the Charter.