Research does not sufficiently address how fire lieutenants in the central United States experience leadership development. Leadership development training, coaching, and mentoring are important processes that prepare followers to become effective leaders in public safety organizations. The intent of this qualitative research study was to explore the lived experiences and stories of fire lieutenants to obtain a clear understanding of how transformational leadership training was perceived to affect their careers. Face-to-face interviews from a purposeful sample of 7 fire suppression lieutenants queried 3 relevant areas derived from the literature, comprising of transformational leadership, critical success factors, and mentoring and coaching. Open hand and axial coding extracted data to identify the emergent themes regarding fire lieutenants' comprehension of leadership development training and was validated with member checking as described in the literature. Findings show that transformational leadership equips leaders to motivate followers to be more creative in their job, influences transparency in decision-making, and affects the transition from lower-level to mid-level management. This research contributes to positive social change by adding to the existing knowledge throughout the United States where fire services can establish mentoring and coaching training programs for their future leaders and establish continuous ongoing training in transformational leadership to increase the overall effectiveness of the organization. The more public safety organizations apply transformational leadership training as part of the development of officers; the better prepared fire lieutenants are to lead their followers, thus helping to build a better and safer society.

The loss of revenue, profits, brand, and corporate sustainability are possible for companies whose managers do not use strategies to motivate employee sales performance. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies managers use to motivate sales employees' performance. A purposeful sample of 3 managers from U.S. companies with sales employees shared their strategies to motivate sales employees' performance. Methodological triangulation was used to review and analyze information from semistructured interviews, journal notes, member checking data, and review and analysis of relevant company documents. Additionally, coding indicated 4 main themes supporting the benefits of strategies to motivate sales employees' performance: sales personnel with self-motivation exhibit enhanced sales results earlier than nonself-motivated personnel; setting mandatory guidelines, and continuous checking to observe results motivates performance; financial rewards enhance performance; and sales employees receive motivation from recognition of their peer sales group and the organization. The study findings may contribute to social change by increasing the awareness of sales managers to motivate their sales employees, who will add revenue and profits to the organization thereby maintaining jobs, creating more jobs, and providing additional disposable income for health and well-being.

Empirical evidence suggests that transformational leadership is positively correlated with job satisfaction, job performance, organizational commitment, and survivability. Although transformational leadership has been implemented in various organizations, little research has examined the issues in implementing transformational leadership concepts within a scientific laboratory. The purpose of this exploratory, qualitative case study was to examine (a) the current leadership style of the president of a scientific laboratory from the scientists', analysts', and technicians' perspective and their preferred leadership style; (b) the president's self-perceived leadership style and perceived subordinate style preference; and (c) the employees' perceptions of advantages and challenges to applying and implementing a transformational style of leadership. The laissez-faire, transactional, and transformational leadership models of Avolio, Bass, Burns, and Kouzes and Posner provided the theoretical basis for the case study. Data were collected from the president and subordinates and responses were coded and classified according to patterns and emerging themes. Results indicated that the president's current leadership style was transactional, whereas the subordinates' preference was transformational. The president's self-assessment of current style and perceived subordinate preference was found to be transformational. Subordinates expressed ideal and effective leadership qualities and shared advantages and barriers to transformational leadership. Leaders in scientific laboratories who apply these findings and implement more effective leadership may impact social change through increased subordinate job satisfaction and performance, thereby enhancing organizational survivability and improving the status quo.

Thesis (MPA. (Industrial Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2010 / In recent years, the South African government has put a lot of energy into the transformation of public sector departments. Effective leadership is a prerequisite in any effort to transform an organization. However, research findings indicate that there is a critical need to develop and train managers in the public sector to deal with numerous challenges in a fast changing world. They do not only need technical competencies but also soft skills to manage interpersonal relationships. This means that the public sector in South Africa needs to develop its leaders effectiveness in dealing with the human side of enterprises. Research in the first world countries on effective leadership behaviour has indicated the following: Firstly, leaders with high levels of emotional competence are more effective in interpersonal situations than those with low levels of emotional competence. Secondly, transformational leadership behaviour has a significant positive relationship with a leader s emotional competence. Lastly, a leader s conflict handling style is associated with his/her effectiveness as a leader. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between managers transformational leadership style effectiveness, their level of emotional competence (emotional expression and constructive discontent) and their conflict management skills within the public sector in South Africa. A survey design was employed to collect data. Questionnaires were completed by 126 managers in a public sector department in the Limpopo Province. The questionnaires included items to assess transformational leadership, emotional competence and conflict management skills, and also to siphon demographic information of the managers. Frequencies for demographic information were computed, as well as correlations for transformational leadership, emotional competencies and conflict management styles in order to test out hypotheses about the relationship between the variables of interest.Findings indicated that the majority of the respondents were Black males under the age group of 41-50, on job levels 11-12, with managerial experience of 1-5 years. The main findings of the study showed the following: (a) There is a very weak,significant positive relationship between transformational leadership and emotional expression, and a negative relationship between transformational leadership style and constructive discontent; (b) There is a relatively weak but significant positive relationship between the transformational leadership style and the constrictive conflict management skills (collaborating and compromising interpersonal conflict management styles); (c) There is a weak but significant negative relationship between the compromising interpersonal conflict management style and emotional expression, and a very weak, non-significant negative relationship between collaboration interpersonal conflict management style and emotional expression; and (d) There is a weak but significant negative relationship between the compromising interpersonal conflict management style and constructive discontent, but a very weak non-significant negative relationship between collaboration interpersonal conflict management style and constructive discontent. These findings led the researcher to believe that the respondents are neither transformational leaders nor emotionally competent, and thus could not either compromise or collaborate with others when they are in an interpersonal conflict situation. It is recommended that managers should be trained to develop their leadership, as well as emotional and conflict management competencies. Even though small sample size was used in this study, there results will be generalized to the whole South African population of public service managers. Further research study with different research methodology is recommended within other public sector departments and provinces within the country.

This study examines if a relationship exists among three rich research streams, specifically the behavioral science of motivation, adult learning and leadership. What motivates adult professionals to continue learning and how is that connected to their style and efficacy as leaders? An extension of literature to connect Andragogy, Self-determination and Transformational Leadership Theory is explored. Responses to questions adapted from the Carré Model of Adult Orientation and Implication on Learning and Training Activities (Carré, 1997) and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Avolio & Bass, 2000) are compared among a sample of adult professionals in leadership positions. Results indicate that learning motivation orientation is predictive of and positively correlated with leadership style. How learning motivation can be used as a tool to predict leadership style, enhance leader selection, development and succession is discussed along with further implications of the “learner-leader” for the purposes of research, practice and higher education initiatives. This quantitative study can offer important insights into how the attribute of an intrinsic motivation to learn can act as an antecedent to Transformational leadership behavior, and the impact that Transformational leaders have upon their teams and organizations.

This current study investigated a possible extension to existing transformational leadership models used during organisational change programs. Researching the literature provided some preliminary evidence there was a need to include a potential extension to transformational leadership models. The original models of transformational leadership involved looking at the staff members from an organisational perspective, whereas the potential extension, concerns the human aspects of organisational change. The potential new extension consists of four components: communication, team building, stress and coping and inter-group conflict. This possible extension to the transformational leadership models appeared to be an exciting addition as it addresses important human resource issues experienced during organisational change. The present study sought to further investigate whether these four components indeed were warranted and whether its components actually contributed to successful organisational change. The research methodology was exploratory, qualitative and based on a grounded theory approach (Glaser & Strauss 1967). Using an embedded case study method, in-depth convergent interviews were undertaken in four hospitals undergoing considerable organisational change. Twenty-six managers, executives and staff were interviewed. It was found that the change managers themselves were enthusiastic about implementing change but were unable to offer effective support for staff. Staff and managers said that communication within the hospitals during the period of change was poor. Similarly there was a paucity of accurate information being disseminated. Managers and staff also revealed that they had experienced considerable stress during the period of change and they needed help in order to cope effectively. Varying levels of inter-group conflict were reported in all the hospitals studied and managers reported that changes were not being implemented appropriately. However, efforts at team building were non-existent in two of the hospitals studied. These findings provide strong support for managers and leaders to pay increased attention to communication, team building, dealing with conflict and managing stress during times of increased change. This study suggests that a potential extension of the four components could be added to, and thereby strengthen, the transformational leadership models of organisational change.

Thailand is entering into a new phase of educational administration under the new National Education Act of 1999 which requires all educational institutions to have internal and external quality assurance in order to ensure improvement of educational quality and standards at all levels (Section 47). This means that all educational institutions, especially in the private sector, have to undergo many changes, including changes in administration, teaching and learning processes, methods of evaluation and professional development programs. The current study focused specifically on the transformational leadership behaviour of principals on school culture. Culture is considered to be a key factor in determining whether school improvement is possible (Deal & Peterson, 1999). The study was conducted in two phases: quantitative and a qualitative, and carried out in the secondary schools of the Brothers of St. Gabriel, in Thailand. In the quantitative phase, the researcher used two instruments, namely the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ, Short form) developed by Bass (2000) to measure the leadership behaviour of principals, and the School Culture Survey developed by Gruenert (1998) to measure school culture. The results from the quantitative study were used to select a school for the second phase of the study that was carried out using a qualitative approach. The quantitative findings provided descriptive evidence that transformational leadership existed in the schools of the Brothers of St. Gabriel, in Thailand and the dominant culture of the Gabrieltie schools was Professional Development. In addition, the findings also revealed that there was a significant relationship between leadership behaviour and school culture. In the second phase, the leadership behaviour of the selected principal was interpreted based on transformational leadership applied in a school setting. This process was outlined by Leithwood (1996) as frame of reference to identify a pattern of leadership behaviour of the selected principal. The findings revealed that the selected principal exercised the qualities of transformational leadership to some extent. Some qualities were missing and some were practised to a moderate degree. The study helps provide guidance and direction to principals who wish to exercise their leadership in a more appropriate and relevant way particularly in a context of change.

長久以來，傳統性別角色刻板印象的框限，造成兩性資源分配的不當，女性在職場中多數扮演從屬的角色。以國民中學而言：女性教師是校園的多數，卻面臨校長大多為男性的結構性特色。有感於兩性平權逐漸成為公共論述的重要議題及兩性平等教育正在各級學校中深耕，本研究試著從國中校長的性別、性別角色出發，探索其與領導型態、學校效能之間的相關性，期能有深度的發現並能於研究過程中獲致深層的省思。 本研究所關心的問題有：1、校長的性別角色、轉換型領導型態及學校效能三者，是否會因校長性別之不同，而有差異？2、校長的轉換型領導程度與學校效能，是否會因環境變項之不同而有差異？3、校長的轉換型領導程度是否會因不同的性別角色而有差異？4、學校效能和校長的性別角色有多少相關？5、學校效能是否會因轉換型領導程度的不同而有差異？6、人口變項對校長性別角色、轉換型領導程度及學校效能究竟會造成何種影響？ 為了解前述問題，本研究除探討相關文獻外，以問卷調查為主要研究方法。問卷之對象以台北縣所轄公立中等學校內，實際擔任國民中學教學工作之編制內合格教師為母群體。樣本之選取係先以同規模之學校為叢集，並分別自四種規模之學校中隨機抽取70％之校數，再以每所學校分派6-7人為研究樣本。 本研究所採用的主要研究工具有「性別特質量表」、「轉換型領導量表」、「學校效能量表」等三種；欲採用之統計方法有：信度分析、因素分析、平均數的差異考驗、皮爾遜積差相關、單因子變異數分析(one-way ANOVA)Sheffe的事後比較。據此，本研究計有如下發現： 一、校長性別與性別角色、轉換型領導、學校效能關係方面；不同性別之校長所表現出的性別角色行為、轉換型領導程度、學校效能均未達顯著差異。 二、環境變項與校長轉換型領導及學校效能關係方面：地區別、學校規模別與校長轉換型領導、學校效能間存在顯著差異；校齡與二者之間均未達顯著水準。 三、校長性別角色與轉換型領導、學校效能關係方面：兩性化特質的校長其轉換型領導程度與學校經營效能均最高，其次依序為：女性化、男性化、未分化特質者。 四、校長轉換型領導程度與學校效能關係方面：校長的轉換型領導程度與學校效能之間，存在顯著正相關。 五、人口變項與校長性別角色、轉換型領導及學校能關係方面：在人口變項中與校長，往別角色、轉換型領導、學校效能之間存在顯著差異的有：服務年資別、年齡別；沒有顯著相關的為：性別、擔任職務別。 根據如上發現，本研究分別對教育行政機關、國民中學校長暨未來研究者提出建議。 / Due to the traditional stereotype of gender role, there are many discriminatory attitudes toward the female which cause the female still plays a secondary role in their professional fields. In the educational field of junior high schools, although the female teachers take the major proportion of the staff, the administrative structure of school is still of pro-male nature. Because of the importance of equality between men and women, this thesis begins from the analysis to the gender role of junior high school principles, then discusses the relationship between the gender of principle, the leading model and school effectiveness. The thesis hopes to derive some magnificent conclusions from the above analysis. The major concerns of this thesis are: 1.whether the gender role of principle, the transformational leadership and the school effectiveness will be influenced by the gender of principle? 2.whether the degree of transformational leadership and school effectiveness will be influenced by surrounding elements? 3.whether the leading degree of the transformational leadership will be different because of different gender role? 4.How much the degree of relationship between school effectiveness and gender role of principles? 5.whether the school effectiveness will be different because of the degree of transformational leadership? 6.what influence will the population variables cause to the gender role of principals', the degree of transformational leadership and school effectiveness? In order to resolve the above questions, the research method this thesis takes are literature review and opinion's survey with questionnaire. The subjects of questionnaire are the public junior high school teachers within the territory ofTaipei County. The survey tool this thesis takes are‘table of gender characters’,‘table of transformational leadership’and‘table of school effectiveness’. The statistic methods this thesis takes are reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-test, product-moment correlation, one-way ANOVA ,chi-square test. Therefore, the thesis concludes that: 1.In the respect of gender and gender role of principles, transformational leadership and school effectiveness: the gender role behaviors, transformational leadership and school effectiveness have not reached magnificent difference. 2.In the respect of the relationship between surrounding variables, transformational leadership and school effectiveness: there is significant difference exists in scale of school, location of school, degree of transformational leadership, however, no significant difference has been found in the age of school. 3.In the respect of gender role of the principles, transformational leadership and school effectiveness: the principles with characters of androgynous have the highest degree of transformational leadership and school effectiveness, then the femininity, the masculinity and the non-differentiation. 4.In the respect of the relationship between transformational leadership and school effectiveness: they are positive relevant to each other. 5.In the respect of the relationship between population variables, the gender role of principles, transformational leadership and school effectiveness: there is magnificent difference in the age of serving as teachers and age of teachers, however, there is no magnificent difference in the gender and duty. According to the conclusion, the thesis offers some suggestions to educational administratives, junior high school principles and respective researchers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of popular culture, especially prime-time television, on women learner-viewers’ identity development. More specifically, this study explores one specific television show, the 1962-64 Cathy Gale episodes of The Avengers as a portal to adult learning. It further explores the ways in which television, as a form of public pedagogy, can help facilitate the formation of a critical or feminist identity among adult learner viewers. The research questions guiding this study were: 1) How and what did women learn from watching The Avengers? 2) How did women incorporate that learning into their lives and into their identities? and 3) How did women interpret and accommodate the feminist example of Cathy Gale? Data for this study was collected over a two-and-a-half year period. Data consisted of interviews with contemporaneous viewers of the Cathy Gale Avengers episodes, interviews with scriptwriters and the actor who played Cathy Gale, Honor Blackman, numerous documents from statistics obtained at the British Film Institute, fanzines, and newspaper articles of the period. Analysis revealed that in particular historical times and situations television viewing can become a form of public pedagogy, facilitating transformational learning in adult viewers that produces lasting, life-changing effects. The investigation revealed that not only did biologically-born women incorporate Cathy Gale’s feminist example into their identities and actions, but biologically born males whose core gender identity was female did also. This dissertation is written in article format. Each of the six sections has been designed as stand-alone pieces to aid accessibility and enhance readers’ engagement with the study.

<p>De senaste åren har Försvarsmakten genomgått en stor förändring från invasionsförsvar till ett flexibelt insatsförsvar. I takt med denna förändring har även karaktären på de uppgifter som insatsförsvaret ställs inför ändrats. Ett exempel på detta är insatsen i Adenviken där hotet är i form av små snabba fartyg med mål och medel som sträcker sig utanför en reguljär styrkas. En av Sjökrigets grundregler är förmågan till taktikanpassning. Detta innebär att man drar erfarenheter från de attacker eller anfall som genomförs, tar lärdom av dessa och utefter denna lärdom tänker nytt för att nå framgång i nästa drabbning. Denna förmåga ses som extra eftersträvansvärd i dagens försvar då tempot i krigföringen och förvirringen ökat i samband med att hotet tenderar att bete sig asymmetriskt. Syftet med denna uppsats är att på ett övergripande plan undersöka förhållandet mellan den ledningsmetod och den ledarskapsmodell Försvarsmakten antagit och de koncept för krigföring försvaret förfogar över, dvs. ledningen och ledarskapets förhållande till taktiken. Det undergripande målet har varit att undersöka vad som förutsätter effektiv taktikanpassning och om de ledar- och ledarskapsmetoder Försvarsmakten antagit bidrar till en effektivare taktikanpassning. Detta är gjort utifrån två fallstudier från det andra slaget om Syrtenbukten 1942 och slaget om Latakia 1973.</p> / <p>In the recent years, the Swedish Armed Forces have undergone a great change from the invasion oriented defence to a flexible operational defence. This change has also meant that the character of the missions given to the Navy has changed. One example is the effort in the Gulf of Aden where the threat is in the form of small fast ships with means and ends that extend beyond a regular part. One of the basic rules of naval warfare is the ability to adapt tactics. This means that you draw experience from the attack carried out, learn from these lessons, and along this new thinking to achieve success in the next battle. This ability is seen as additional desirable in contemporary warfare when the tempo and the confusion are increased when the threat tends to behave asymmetrically. The purpose of this paper is to globally examine the relationship between the management approachand the leadership model adopted by the Swedish Armed Forces and the concept of warfare that the Swedish Armed Forces possess, i.e. management and leadership relative to the tactics. The arrest in the case has been to explore what requires adaptation and effective tactics of the leadership and management practices adopted by the Swedish Armed Forces contribute to more effective tactics adjustment. This is done based on two case studies from the Second Battle of Sirte in 1942 and the Battle of Latakia in 1973.</p>